Statement of Problem

The purpose of this assignment is to determine the horsepower and diameter required by a pump for water to flow from the second story of Kaufman Hall to the ninth floor of Batten Arts and Letters building. This will be done by solving a system of equations through iterations. To stimulate real world conditions one had to select a proper material for water flow, as well as a diameter and pump that can be found commercially.

Sketch of Route

Governing Equations
In order to solve this problem a variety of equations must be used. You will find that these equations below are manipulated, to view this please visit the Appendix. One such equation is the volumetric flow rate equation, . The next equation used is a modified Bernoullis equation, ,which takes into account major and minor and

head losses as well as head from a pump. It is important to note that . The last two equations, iterating. and

, are useful for using Moodys chart and

Assumptions
The velocities at both points 1 and 2 are equal and are thus negligible. Constant density Incompressible Flow Constant diameter The entrance is well rounded The buildings both rest on the same flat plane, which is important for measurement purposes. Steady Flow Flow from 1 to 2

Values of Physical Properties and Measurements

Measued Quantities
Location Middle of Kaufman Hall to Edge of Kaufmann Hall Edge of Kaufman Hall to Edge of Education Building Edge to Middle of Education Building Half the Width of Education Building Edge of Education to BAL Total Pipe Length Staircases Kaufman Second Floor Arts Building Top Floor Pipe Material: Copper (Type K) Density of Water (slugs/ft3) Specific Weight of Water (lbf/ft3) Dynamic Viscosity of Water (lb-s/ft 2) Gravity (ft/s2) Volumetric Flow Rate (ft3/s) Relative Roughness of Copper (ft) 1.94 62.4 2.34E-05 32.2 0.04456 0.000005 KL Well Rounded Entrance Exit 3 Regular Threaded Elbow Valves 10 Open Glove Valves 1 Open Ball Valve 1 Swing Check, Forward Flow Sum of KL 0.04 1 4.5 100 0.05 2 107.59 Steps 28 170 1 190 93 114 82 433 Trials (number of steps) 2 196 98 110 78 412 Actual Length (ft) 3 Average 188 191 96 96 110 111 79 80 418 421 159 80 93 66 351 749

Height to Steps (ft) Height (ft) 1 0

20 113

Shoe Size: 10 inches Step Size: 8 inches

Rationale for Choice of Material

I chose copper over various other materials such as plastic tubing and galvanized iron because copper has a low relative roughness, is fairly cheap, and has stood the test of time. While copper piping does erode, is seems that PVC can release chemicals into the water when it gets either too hot or too cold. In addition, since the reservoir is on the ninth floor of the Batten Arts and Letters and the pipe is going to be underground, the extra support that copper offers, and more specifically, type K copper, is tremendous. Type K copper is the strongest copper. Copper also has a lifespan of 50+ years.

Iterative Solution
inital Average Velocity (ft/s) Inside Diameter (ft) Reynolds Number /D final Relative Error (%) 0.03 4.42 0.113 4.14E+04 4.42E-05 0.024 25.00 0.024 4.7 0.11 4.28E+04 4.55E-05 0.022 9.09 0.022 4.81 0.109 4.30E+04 4.60E-05 0.0216 1.85

Best fit: The closest type-K copper is 1 & 1/4, with an inside diameter of 1.245 in, which is about 0.104 ft Pressure drop: 88.45 psi Horsepower needed: 0.573 1 horsepower motor chosen

All work can be found in the Appendix

Rationale for Choice of Pipe Diameter
I chose to go with 1 copper as it is not too large or too small of a diameter to optimize power. In addition, this size is easily available at most plumbing stores. From a safety concern, this diameter also had a safe velocity if a pinhole leak were to develop. If a small size was chosen and a pinhole leak developed inside the building, it could cause much more damage due to the high velocity. While choosing 1 - copper may have provided too big of a diameter.

Rationale for Choice of Pump

The 1 copper requires only a modest one horsepower pump to achieve its desire effect, meaning very little operating cost. One can easily find a one horsepower pump available. A one horsepower pump is small too, meaning it could be placed underground with the pipe. A valve could then be slightly shut to achieve the desired volumetric flow rate.

Summary and Conclusion

While other materials, diameters, and pumps, could be used to achieve the same desired effect, the combination I have chosen seems to sense. The 1 -copper allows operating costs to be low, avoids potential risk associated with other materials, and provides great support. Having too large of a pipe can be burdensome, while too small of a pipe can produce high costs and be a safety issue.

Appendix

References
Clune, M. (n.d.). Health Risks From Plastic Water Pipes | LIVESTRONG.COM. LIVESTRONG.COM - Lose Weight & Get Fit with Diet, Nutrition & Fitness Tools | LIVESTRONG.COM. Retrieved December 7, 2012, from http://www.livestrong.com/article/125022-health-risks-plastic-water-pipes/ Munson, B. R., & Okiishi, T. H. (2013). Fundamentals of fluid mechanics (7th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. Tap water - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved December 7, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_water#Sizes Supplies Department. (n.d.). Handbook on Plumbing Installation for Buildings. Wsd.gov. Retrieved December 6, 2012, from www.wsd.gov.hk/filemanager/en/content_150/HBonPIB.pdf