CASE STUDY

Lighting Commercial
Alison Hughes
Presented by Denis van Es
Energy Research Centre
University of Cape Town
Overview
Examples of current projects
Problems encountered
Discussion
ERC have M&Vd 10 Commercial lighting projects
Commercial offices / retail outlets
offices : 120 Plein Street (Parliament
buildings, Cape Town)
target = 0.46 MW
retail : Supermarket chain
target = 1.358 MW
Lighting projects are largely energy efficiency, they
reduce demand whenever the lights are on
but
they can alter the hours of operation of the lights
NONE of our DSM projects alter the hours of use
Energy efficiency projects have a target MW reduction in
demand but no specific peak reduction target
Lighting projects can be either a retrofit or installation of a
savings device
Retrofit - magnetic to electronic ballast
change of luminaire type
reduction in the number of fittings
Savings device - connected in circuit
alter the lighting hours
lower the power drawn by the fittings
On completion lighting must comply with Occupational
Health and Safety Act ( www.acts.co.za )
Voltage Reduction Unit
Installed in a range of stores in malls
throughout South Africa (158 stores)
Unit connected into lighting circuit
Lowers voltage and therefore also the
energy demand of lamps
Only works with magnetic ballasts
Energy saving of roughly 30%
Lowers light output
No change in the hours of use or the
number of lights
Examples
National Supermarket Chain
98 stores throughout the
country participating
(Approximately 46 000 Light
fittings)
Replacing magnetic with
electronic ballasts
No change in the hours of use
or the number or type of lights
Anticipate 20 percent savings
M&V of lighting projects
Scoping document
Site visit to confirm
Lights currently in place
Current maintenance of lights
Light levels
M&V Plan
There may be a large number of sites and often they are
widespread,
do you need to visit all or can you use a sample?
If there are a large number of sites, it may take a long
time to collect the tariff information
Baseline and post intervention
site visits
Typically meters are not installed on site as
only instantaneous measurements are
needed
Approach differs depending on whether there
is a single or multiple sites
AND
whether it is a retrofit or installation of a
savings device
Determining the baseline where
power saving devices are installed
If there are several sites determine the number
of sites to visit
Is it possible to establish an average e.g.
average power saved for each device
installed
It may be possible to measure the baseline and
post intervention measurements during the
same site visit
Monitoring of light levels is very important with
these devices
Determining the baseline where
there is a retrofit
If there are multiple sites determine the number of sites at which
you need to take measurements to get a representative sample
On site
Count the number of lights of each type
It often helps to have a site plan handy
Determine the average number of lights not working (in
most commercial sites lights are well maintained)
Measure selected circuits
Establish current hours of operation
If it is a retail store, lights often remain on outside of
normal store trading hours
Light levels in the stores
RMS meter (portable)
Volts, amperes, power factor, power
Important to match current clamp to load
Record
the DB number,
The circuit number you are measuring,
the number and type of lights on the circuit,
the number of lights not working on the circuit
Metered data is used to establish the average
W/fitting of each type of light on site
It may not be possible to isolate circuits of a particular
type of fitting on site
Lux measurements
Metered Data
Example of baseline measurements taken
at National Supermarket Chain
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245
Volts
W
a
t
t
s
Example of measurements taken at UCT
50
70
90
110
130
150
170
200 210 220 230 240
volts
W
a
t
t
s
Low loss magnetic
Low power factor
Electronic
Electronic
Savings Calculations
Lights are either on or off
On = saving
Off = no saving
Establish tariff municipal or ESKOM
Municipal revised in July
ESKOM revised in January
Baseline and Post implementation
Demand = Number of lights* watts per fitting
Energy = demand
1
* number of hours
1
+ demand (after
hours)
2
*number of hours
2
(this calculation is performed for weekdays, Saturdays,
Sundays and Public holidays)
Typical Monthly Savings Sheet

Hours
per
mnth Savings Savings
Tariff
kW
savings
Savings Tariff
Savings
kVA
Total
Savings
days
hrs/
day days
hrs/
day days
hrs/
day days
hrs/
day days
hrs/
day hrs (W) (kWh)
R/
kWh (R)
kVA
R/
kVA
(R) (R)
Store A 19 9.5 4 6 3 5 3 4 1 5 236.5 3820 903.4 0.31 280.06 4.39 0 0 280.06
Store B 19 10 4 9.15 3 4.5 3 4.5 1 4 257.6 1040 267.9 0.27 72.33 1.45 0 0 72.33
Store C 19 10 4 10 3 5 3 5 1 4 264.0 1880 496.3 0.29 143.93 2.39 0 0 143.93
Store D 19 9.75 4 9.5 3 5 3 5 1 4 257.3 1100 283.0 0.31 87.72 1.56 0 0 87.72
Total 1950.6

R 584.05
Sunday
Pub
Holiday Weekday Saturday Sunday
Weekday
Pub
Holiday
Example of baseline and actual
demand profile
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Hours (5:00am - 21:00)
k
W
weekday baseline
weekday post
intervention
Saturday baseline
Saturday post
intervention
Sunday
Baseline
Sunday post intervention
Problems Encountered
What is the baseline if many fittings are defective
What is the baseline if power reduction units are already
in place
Tariffs hard to obtain
Retail retrofits may have a long installation period
(years), in this case do you begin with savings reports
before the installation is completed
If there is a long delay between the proposal by the
ESCo and the project approval, sites may have changed
or been upgraded
Can you use manufacturers data
Data is not collected in NMEC friendly format, there is
no half hourly metered data
If the intervention causes the light levels to drop,
where is the cut off
Savings do not occur over 24 hours and often do not
coincide with peak