Overvoltage Protection

OVR Range

FRSOX 0100 03 GB

ABB Lightning Protection Group

Main causes of transient overvoltages The solution: ABB OVR Surge Protective Device Range

Lightning strike
A lightning strike can have a destructive or disturbing effect on electrical installations situated up to several kilometres away from the actual point of the strike. During a storm, underground cables can transmit the effect of a lightning strike to electrical equipment installed inside buildings. A lightning protection device (such as a lightning rod or a Faraday cage) installed on a building to protect it against the risk of a direct strike (fire) can increase the risk of damage to electrical equipment connected to the main supply near or inside the building.

Direct strike on overhead line

Indirect lightning strike

ABB Lightning Protection Group

The lightning protection device diverts the high strike current to earth, considerably raising the potential of the ground close to the building on which it is installed. This causes overvoltages on the electrical equipment directly via the earth terminals and induced via the underground supply cables.

Surge current

Induced overvoltage

Earthing

Earth equipotentiality

Strike on a lightning rod

Switching operation on the power distribution system

The switching of transformers, motors or inductances in general, sudden variation of load, disconnection of circuit breakers or cut outs (i.e in the distribution circuits) lead to overvoltages that penetrate the users building. Significantly, the closer the building is to a generating station or sub station, the higher the overvoltages may be. It is also necessary to take into account mutual induction effects between the high voltage power line and aerial sections of the low voltages lines as well as direct contact between lines of different voltages caused by accidental breaking of cables.

MV disturbances transmitted to LV

Parasitic interferences
These are freak interferences with indifferent amplitudes and frequencies that are re-injected into the electrical supply by the user himself or his environment. The parasites can, for example, be due to: Light fittings with discharge lamps Arc furnaces Welding equipment Thyristors operation

Contactors operation Opening circuit breakers Starting a motor Etc

Disturbances generated by the user

These interferences have little energy but their short duration, their steep wave front and their peak value (that can reach several kilovolts) can have harmful effects on the proper functioning of sensitive equipment causing either disruption or complete destruction

ABB Lightning Protection Group

Surge Protective Device Selection and application principles

Definition of the parameters
Aim of the protection Protective devices are used to prevent current surges from flowing through the network by diverting them harmlessly to the ground. They also limit overvoltages to values compatible with the withstand of the equipment or devices connected. Parameters of the protection It can be easily understood from the above that the critical parameters of a surge protective device are its ability to divert high values of current to the ground (i.e. to dissipate large amount of energy) and to limit the voltage to the lowest possible level. Other parameters correspond to the fact that surge protective devices have to be adapted to the network they are connected to. The applicable international standards give a precise definition of these parameters: Maximum current Imax or Iimp This is the maximum value of a surge current that can be diverted by the surge protective device; current surges with two different waveshapes are necessary to represent lightning currents : a long waveshape (10/350 s) which corresponds to a direct lightning strike and a short waveshape (8/20 s) which represents a damped indirect strike; Imax is the maximum value of a short waveshape current and Iimp is the value of a long waveshape current; the value Imax or Iimp has to be adapted to the expected value of the possible lightning currents.

i (A) I imp 100

80

I max 60

40

20

10

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

t (s)

Wave 8/20 s Wave 10/350 s

Voltage protection level Up The voltage given by the surge protective device while diverting the surge current to the ground; Up must not exceed the voltage withstand value of the equipment connected downstream; Maximum operating voltage Uc The value of voltage that the surge protective device can be permanently connected to; it has to take into account the network nominal voltage Un plus the possible tolerances.

ABB Lightning Protection Group

Product selection
Determination of the current capacity The determination of the current capacity for a surge protective device, and the energy dissipation capacity of this device, are obtained by performing a risk analysis. This analysis is based on three groups of parameters: Environmental parameters: frequency of lightning storms, represented by the number of lightning strokes per year and per square kilometre Ng. Installation and equipment parameters: power distribution to the installation (overhead or underground line), exposure of the building, position of the installation (at the entrance of the building or further inside), ... Economical, service and security parameters: replacement and unavailability cost of the equipment to be protected, risk for the environment or for human life (petrochemical sites, stadium, ...). Determination of the voltage protection level (Up) The surge protective devices have to provide a level of protection compatible with the withstand voltage of the equipment. This withstand voltage depends on the type of equipment and its sensitivity.
Electrotechnical equipment Electrical equipment containing slightly sensitive electronics Sensitive electronic equipment Highly sensitive equipment
Keraunic map

Dark blue areas cover regions with a Keraunic level of 80 to 180 Light blue areas cover regions with a Keraunic level of 20 to 80

Required protection level Up 1.8 to 2.5 kV

Required protection level Up 1.5 to 1.8 kV

Required protection level Up 1 to 1.5 kV

Required protection level Up 0.5 to 1 kV

Type of equipment to be protected

Need for multi-stage protection Sometimes it is not possible to find a device which provides both the required current capacity and protection level. In this case, the protection system has to have two or more stages, with a first device at the entrance of the installation (i.e. as close as possible to the point of entrance of the lightning surge), which handles the current capacity, and a second device as close as possible to the protected equipment, which gives the required voltage protection level. The telecommunication lines entering the installation have to be protected as well; the grounding connections for all protections have to be equipotentially bonded.

Main Panel board

Secondary Panel board

Phone Line

Earth equipotentiality

ABB Lightning Protection Group

Installation rules
Identification of the network The type of product (single pole or multi-pole) and the connection depend on the network, as follows: 1 - phase networks
TT wiring
Ph N Ph N

TNS wiring

PE

PE

multi pole product IT wiring

Ph (N) Ph

multi pole product TNC wiring

PE

PEN

single pole product

single pole product

3 - phase networks
TT wiring
L1 L2 L3 N L1 L2 L3 N

TNS wiring

PE

PE

multi-pole product IT wiring

L1 L2 L3 (N) L1 L2 L3

multi-pole product TNC wiring

PE

PEN

single pole product

single pole product

Additional information TT wiring: the power supply neutral point is connected to earth. The installation grounds are connected to an electrical earth terminal which may be the neutral earthing point or a separate point. IT wiring: the neutral point is not connected to earth or is earthed via an impedance (1.000 to 2.000 ). TNC wiring: the neutral conductor and the protective conductor merge into one PEN conductor. TNS wiring: the neutral conductor and the earth conductor are separated.

ABB Lightning Protection Group

 Associated switching element Even if all lightning arresters are provided with a built-in thermal disconnector, they must be associated with an upstream protection element for protection against short-circuit currents. For some types of networks (TT for example), protection from indirect contact has to be provided by a residual current device. Wiring rules
Ph

or

The impedance of the cables increases the voltage across the connected equipment, i.e. the protection level. Therefore, the length of cable between the surge protector and the equipment should be minimized, and the wiring should be done as follows:

Equipment to be protected Ur

Ph N

Equipment to be protected Ur

N UL1

UL2

Ur = Up + UL1, UL2

Ur = Up

d 30 m

d 30 m

The surge protective device should also be installed as close as possible to the equipment to be protected. If this is not possible (e.g. the equipment is too far away from the entrance panel), then a second protector has to be installed.

Equipment to be protected

Equipment to be protected

Energy coordination When it is necessary to use a multi-stage protection, the energy coordination between the various stages should be studied carefully. It consists of ensuring that when the maximum discharge current is flowing through the first stage surge protector, the remaining current flowing through the remaining stage(s) protector(s) does not exceed its (their) capacity.

Cross section of cables The cross section of the cables depends on the prospective short-circuit current that can be delivered by the network to the installation. The cross section of the cables must be at least equal to the cross section of the rest of the installation.

Earth equipotentiality

The earth conductors of all surge protectors and equipment connected together have to be equipotentially bonded, in order to avoid any difference of potential between local earthing points that would lead to annihilate the protection level provided by the surge protectors.

Ph N I

Ph N

SPD

SPD

Eq 1

Eq 2

Eq 1

Eq 2

ABB Lightning Protection Group

Product overview
Single block products
single pole multi pole

Single pole surge protective devices are used mainly in IT and TNC wiring. These products offer common mode protection. On the other hand, multi pole surge protective devices are used in TT and TNS wiring, either in 1-phase (2-pole SPD) or 3-phases networks (4-pole SPD). These products may offer common mode and differential mode protection.

Pluggable products
single pole multi pole

The pluggability is the main advantage of this range of surge protective devices, because their replacement is very easy (no tools needed) due to a system of cartridges with pins connection. Each pluggable SPD may be delivered with the safety reserve (s) system of ABB and/or an integrated contact (TS) for the remote control of the status of the protection.

ABB Lightning Protection Group

Optical monitoring block

Controlled with optical beam

The optical monitoring block (OVR SIGN) allows the easy status monitoring of all the modular lightning arresters (single block and pluggable, low current versions). The optical link between the transmitter module and the receiver module coupled to a dry 5 A power contact allows remote alarming via a complementary remote indication in addition to the visual status identification on each arrester.

Telecommunication line protectors

Telecommunication line protectors (OVR TC) are used for the protection of equipment connected onto telephone lines, computer communication or data links and current loops.

Safety reserve

(s)

Lightning arrester operative

Lightning arrester on reserve: to be replaced soon

Lightning arrester disconnected: replacement mandatory

The safety reserve allows a preventive maintenance of the surge protective device.
14 1112

Remote indication (TS)

The contact TS allows a remote control of the status of the protection.
L L L N

ABB Lightning Protection Group

OVR Range Codification

Max. discharge current 8/20, 15 Imax (kA): 40 65 100 Max. discharge current 10/350, Iimp (kA): 15 50 s: with safety reserve P: pluggable unit Nothing: single block

Type I (Class I test) Codification only

HL 1N

OVR 1N - 65 - 275 s P TS
Network 1N: single phase (left) - neutral (right) 3N: three phases (left) - neutral (right) N1: neutral (left) - single phase (right) N3: neutral (left) - three phases (right) 3L: three poles 4L: four poles Nothing: single pole Max. continuous operating voltage, Uc (V): 660 550 440 385 320 275 150 75

TS: integrated remote control

SPD Main features

Type of protector Type 1 SPD according to EN 61643-11 (= Class I SPD according to IEC 61643-1) Main features - high energy capacity to handle direct lightning strike - electronically pre-triggered spark gap low protection level (Up = 1.8 kV) no need for decoupling coil (combined I+II arrester) - high follow current extinction capacity - safety open concept : no expelling of molten or burning material, therefore no need for a separate enclosure - compact design (down to 17.5 mm per pole) - single and multi pole versions - high energy capacity (up to 100 kA 8/20) - single and multi-pole versions - adapted to all types of networks (IT, TT, TNC, TNS, TNC-S) - adapted to all network voltages (57 to 600 V) - single block and pluggable versions - local status indicator on front side - possible remote indicator (integrated in the product or with optical monitoring kit) - possibility of Safety reserve

Type 2 SPD according to EN 61643-11 (= Class II SPD according to IEC 61643-1)

Type 3 SPD according to EN 61643-11 (= Class III SPD according to IEC 61643-1)

- low protection level (Up = 1.2 kV) - local status indicator on front side - possible remote indicator with optical monitoring kit - adapted to all types of 230/400 V networks - multi-pole versions

Telecom and dataline protectors: adapted to analog and digital transmision lines

- compact design (17.5 mm width) - local status indicator on front side - possible remote indicator with optical monitoring kit

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ABB Lightning Protection Group

List of SPD part number

Pluggable - Type II (Class II test) Uc Single pole 275 V kA 15 Description OVR 15 275 P OVR 15 275 s P OVR 15 275 P TS OVR 15 275 s P TS OVR 40 275 P OVR 40 275 s P OVR 40 275 P TS OVR 40 275 s P TS OVR 65 275 P OVR 65 275 s P OVR 65 275 P TS OVR 65 275 s P TS OVR 100 275 s P TS OVR 1N 15 275 P OVR 1N 15 275 s P OVR 1N 15 275 s P TS OVR 1N 15 275 P TS OVR 1N 40 275 P OVR 1N 40 275 s P OVR 1N 40 275 s P TS OVR 1N 40 275 P TS OVR 1N 65 275 P OVR 1N 65 275 s P OVR 1N 65 275 s P TS OVR 1N 65 275 P TS OVR 3N 15 275 P OVR 3N 15 275 s P OVR 3N 15 275 s P TS OVR 3N 15 275 P TS OVR 3N 40 275 P OVR 3N 40 275 s P OVR 3N 40 275 s P TS OVR 3N 40 275 P TS OVR 3N 65 275 P OVR 3N 65 275 s P OVR 3N 65 275 s P TS OVR 3N 65 275 P TS OVR 15 440 P OVR 15 440 s P OVR 15 440 P TS OVR 15 440 s P TS OVR 40 440 P OVR 40 440 s P OVR 40 440 P TS OVR 40 440 s P TS OVR 65 440 P OVR 65 440 s P OVR 65 440 P TS OVR 65 440 s P TS OVR 100 440 s P TS OVR 65 N P OVR 100 N P Part number 2 CTB 8138 51 R 24 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 21 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 18 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 15 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 23 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 20 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 17 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 14 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 22 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 19 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 16 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 13 00 2 CTB 8138 50 R 02 00 2 CTB 8139 52 R 12 00 2 CTB 8139 52 R 09 00 2 CTB 8139 52 R 03 00 2 CTB 8139 52 R 06 00 2 CTB 8139 52 R 11 00 2 CTB 8139 52 R 08 00 2 CTB 8139 52 R 02 00 2 CTB 8139 52 R 05 00 2 CTB 8139 52 R 10 00 2 CTB 8139 52 R 07 00 2 CTB 8139 52 R 01 00 2 CTB 8139 52 R 04 00 2 CTB 8139 53 R 12 00 2 CTB 8139 53 R 09 00 2 CTB 8139 53 R 03 00 2 CTB 8139 53 R 06 00 2 CTB 8139 53 R 11 00 2 CTB 8139 53 R 08 00 2 CTB 8139 53 R 02 00 2 CTB 8139 53 R 05 00 2 CTB 8139 53 R 10 00 2 CTB 8139 53 R 07 00 2 CTB 8139 53 R 01 00 2 CTB 8139 53 R 04 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 12 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 09 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 06 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 03 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 11 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 08 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 05 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 02 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 10 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 07 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 04 00 2 CTB 8138 51 R 01 00 2 CTB 8138 50 R 01 00 2 CTB 8139 51 R 01 00 2 CTB 8138 50 R 03 00 440 V Part number 2 CTB 8138 14 R 01 00 2 CTB 8138 14 R 02 00 2 CTB 8138 14 R 03 00 2 CTB 8138 14 R 04 00 2 CTB 8138 14 R 05 00 2 CTB 8138 14 R 00 00 65 15 40 65 Neutral Single pole Single block - Type I (Class I test) Uc 275 V Single phase 275 V + Neutral Three poles 275 V Three phases 275 V + Neutral Four poles Neutral 275 V kA 15 15 15 15 15 50 Description OVR HL 15 275 OVR HL 1N 15 275 OVR HL 3L 15 275 OVR HL 3N 15 275 OVR HL 4L 15 275 OVR HL 50N Part number 2 CTB 8152 01 R 00 00 2 CTB 8153 01 R 00 00 2 CTB 8154 01 R 00 00 2 CTB 8155 01 R 00 00 2 CTB 8156 01 R 00 00 2 CTB 8152 04 R 00 00

40

65

Single block - Type II (Class II test) Uc Single pole 275 V kA 15 40 65 100 Single phase 275 V + Neutral 15 40 65 Three phases 275 V + Neutral 15 40 65 Single pole 440 V 15 40 65 100 Description OVR 15 275 OVR 40 275 OVR 40 275 s OVR 65 275 OVR 65 275 s OVR 100 275 s OVR 1N 15 275 OVR 1N 40 275 OVR 1N 65 275 OVR 1N 65 275 s OVR 3N 15 275 OVR 3N 40 275 OVR 3N 65 275 OVR 3N 65 275 s OVR 15 440 OVR 40 440 OVR 40 440 s OVR 65 440 OVR 65 440 s OVR 100 440 s Part number 2 CTB 8138 11 R 08 00 2 CTB 8138 07 R 00 00 2 CTB 8138 11 R 10 00 2 CTB 8138 11 R 06 00 2 CTB 8138 11 R 05 00 2 CTB 8138 11 R 12 00 2 CTB 8139 12 R 04 00 2 CTB 8139 12 R 03 00 2 CTB 8139 12 R 06 00 2 CTB 8139 12 R 07 00 2 CTB 8139 13 R 04 00 2 CTB 8139 13 R 03 00 2 CTB 8139 13 R 06 00 2 CTB 8139 13 R 07 00 2 CTB 8138 11 R 04 00 2 CTB 8138 11 R 03 00 2 CTB 8138 11 R 09 00 2 CTB 8138 11 R 02 00 2 CTB 8138 11 R 01 00 2 CTB 8138 11 R 11 00

100 Single phase 275 V + Neutral 15

40

65

Three phases 275 V + Neutral

15

40

65

Single block - Type III (Class III test) Uc Single phase 275 V + Neutral Three phases 275 V + Neutral Cartridge Uc 275 V kA 15 40 Description OVR 15 275 C OVR 15 275 s C OVR 40 275 C OVR 40 275 s C OVR 65 275 C OVR 65 275 s C OVR 15 440 C OVR 15 440 s C OVR 40 440 C OVR 40 440 s C OVR 65 440 C OVR 65 440 s C OVR 65 N C Part number 2 CTB 8138 54 R 12 00 2 CTB 8138 54 R 11 00 2 CTB 8138 54 R 10 00 2 CTB 8138 54 R 09 00 2 CTB 8138 54 R 08 00 2 CTB 8138 54 R 07 00 2 CTB 8138 54 R 06 00 2 CTB 8138 54 R 05 00 2 CTB 8138 54 R 04 00 2 CTB 8138 54 R 03 00 2 CTB 8138 54 R 02 00 2 CTB 8138 54 R 01 00 2 CTB 8138 54 R 00 00 kA 10 10 Description OVR 1N 10 275 OVR 3N 10 275 Part number 2 CTB 8139 12 R 10 00 2 CTB 8139 13 R 10 00

Single pole

440 V

15

40

65

100 Single pole 65 100

Telecom and Dataline Protection kA 10 Description OVR TC 06 V OVR TC 12 V OVR TC 24 V OVR TC 48 V OVR TC 200 V OVR TC 200 FR

Optical monitoring block Uc 230 V Description OVR SIGN Part number 2 CTB 8138 15 R 00 00

ABB Lightning Protection Group

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As part of its on-going product improvement, ABB reserves the right to modify the characteristics or the products described in this document. The information given is not-contractual. For further details please contact the ABB company marketing these products in your country.

ABB Lightning Protection Group Sales Office 8 - 12, rue Marcel Paul 95870 - Bezons - FRANCE Telephone: + 33 (0) 1 34 34 47 50 Telefax: + 33 (0) 1 34 34 47 57

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ABB Lightning Protection Group

Publication N : FRSOX 0100 03 GB Imprim en France (V 03.03 Techni-Soft JPG / SEIC)