Yanbu University College General Physics-I PHYS-101

Name:_____________________________________________ Student I.D. _______________________

EXPERIMMENT No. 2
Object:
To study the motion with uniform and variable velocity To study the distance-time and velocity time graphs To interpret the distance-time and velocity-time graphs.

Apparatus
Toy car (for uniform velocity experiment), trolley (for variable velocity experiment), recording timer, car track, weight, connecting cord, power supply (AC,6-12V), adhesive tape, ticker tape, small pan to hold the weights, pulley.

Ticker tape: Dots marked by the recording timer, the time interval between two adjacent dots on the ticker-tape is called one tick. One tick is equal to 1/60 s.

Recording timer: It consists of an electrical vibrator that vibrates at the frequency of AC supply, and marks 60 dots per second on ticker tape.

Toy Car

Experimental setup to study motion with uniform and variable velocity

Procedure:
Motion with Uniform velocity 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Cut one meter long ticker tape. Pass the ticker tape through recording timer. Attach one end of the ticker tape with the toy car, the other remains free. Place the car on the car-track. Arrange the car-track and recording timer such that both must be at the same level and ticker tape should be parallel to the middle line of the track. Position the toy car close to the timer. Switch on the power of toy car, hold it for a while until you switch the power supply of the timer on. Now release the car. As the car slides away from the timer, ticker tape passes through the timer, timer records dots on the ticker-tape. These dots would be equally spaced indicating that the distance covered in each equal interval is same i.e. the toy car moves with uniform velocity. To measure distance on ticker tape, do not use the first few dots. Mark the next dot as 0, count 20 dots from zero and mark 1, for the next 20 dots mark 2, continue this process till whole ticker tape is marked. Measure the distance between each mark and record it in the column of table 1.

13. The time interval between two consecutive dots is 1/60 sec, multiply number of dots for each mark with 1/60, this gives the time for each mark from zero mark, record the time in the column of time. 14. Divide the distance with corresponding time to calculate the average velocity. 15. Plot a graph between distance and time, find the slope of distance time graph, this gives the uniform velocity of the toy car. 16. Draw velocity time graph, and calculate area under the graph, compare it with the distance between zero mark and last mark. Table 1: Observations from motion with uniform velocity Marks tape 1 2 3 4 5 on Number of dots 20 40 60 80 100 Distance (x) from Time (t) /sec zero mark (cm) number of dots /60 Velocity (x/t) m/s

Distance time graph for non-accelerated motion

Velocity Time Graph for non-accelerated motion

Motion with Variable velocity 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Cut one meter long ticker tape. Pass the ticker tape through recording timer. Attach one end of the ticker tape with the trolley, the other remains free. Place the trolley on the car-track, arrange the car-track and recording timer such that both must be at the same level and ticker tape should be parallel to the middle line of the track. Position the trolley close to the timer. Attach one end of the cord with the trolley and other with a pan, pass the cord on the pulley so that pan hangs vertically, put slotted weights in the pan. Hold the trolley for a while until you switch the power supply of the timer on. Now release the trolley. As the trolley slides away from the timer, ticker tape passes through the timer, timer records dots on the ticker tape. These dots would not be equally spaced indicating that the distance covered in each equal interval is not the same i.e. the toy car moves with variable velocity. To measure distance on ticker tape, do not use the first few dots. Mark the next dot as 0, count 20 dots from zero and mark 1, for the next 20 dots mark 2, continue this process till whole ticker tape is marked. Measure the distance between each mark and record it in the column of table 2. The time interval between two consecutive dots is 1/60sec, multiply number of dots for each mark with 1/60, this gives the time for each mark from zero mark, record the time in the column of time. Plot a graph between distance and time; compare it with the distance-time graph of the experiment with car. Find the instantaneous velocity at each mark. Draw velocity time graph; find its slope and approximate area under the graph. Table 2: Observations from motion with variable velocity Marks on tape 1 2 3 4 5 Number of dots Distance (x) from zero mark (cm) Time (t) /sec number of dots /60 Instantaneous Velocity m/s

14. 15. 16.

20 40 60 80 100

Results:
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) The distance time graph for motion with uniform velocity is ________________. The distance time graph for motion with variable velocity is ________________. The velocity time graph for motion with uniform velocity is ________________. The velocity time graph for motion with variable velocity is ________________.

Distance time graph for accelerated motion

Velocity Time Graph for accelerated motion