Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
and Maintenance of
Steel Wire Ropes
Handling, Installation
and Maintenance of Steel Wire Ropes
by Dipl.-Ing. Roland Verreet
1.
1.1
1.2
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
11
2.5
11
2.6
14
2.7
15
2.8
17
3.
19
3.1
19
3.2
21
3.3
21
3.4
22
3.5
22
4.
24
5.
25
6.
26
7.
27
Fig. 1
2
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
R. Verreet, Handling, Installation and Maintenance of Steel Wire Ropes, 2/97
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
R. Verreet, Handling, Installation and Maintenance of Steel Wire Ropes, 2/97
2. The installation
of steel wire ropes
When installing steel wire ropes,
extra care must be taken that the
ropes are unwound from the ring
or reel without torsions and without any outer damage. The same
applies to reeving the ropes into
the system.
Fig. 7
6
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
R. Verreet, Handling, Installation and Maintenance of Steel Wire Ropes, 2/97
Fig. 10
8
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
R. Verreet, Handling, Installation and Maintenance of Steel Wire Ropes, 2/97
Fig. 13
Fig.14
10
case a procedure should be chosen that (under justifiable expenditure) guarantees the least
risk of torsions and avoids damage to the rope by contact with
parts of the construction.
With some machines it may be
advisable to discard the old rope
first and to install the new one
afterwards. With other machines,
particularly with bigger ones, it
might be better to pull in the new
rope attached to the old one. Another possibility is to use a thinner rope by which the wire rope
proper is pulled into the system.
This method is often used with
new equipment.
In every single case careful consideration is necessary as to
whether the wire rope should be
pulled through the whole reeving
system or whether it should first
be wound from the coil or reel onto
the drum and afterwards be
reeved into the system.
If one end of the rope has a fitting
attached, there is no other possibility than pulling the loose rope
end through the whole reeving
system.
11
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
12
Fig. 17
R. Verreet, Handling, Installation and Maintenance of Steel Wire Ropes, 2/97
13
2.6 Installing
under load
To achieve perfect multiple layer spooling of the rope on the drum it is very
important - particularly with the socalled Lebus spooling-to apply a
tensioning load to the wire ropes during the installation.
If the first layers are not under tension,
they might be too loose, so that the top
layers might be wedged into the bottom layers under load. This could seriously damage the rope. The unwinding
rope might even be clamped, so that the
direction of spooling could suddenly be
reversed during the course of unwinding. The result could be the abrupt lifting of the load that was actually travelling downwards.
The tensioning load should range from
1% to 2% of the minimum breaking load
of the wire ropes. In many cases it might
14
Fig. 18
2.7. Breaking in
the steel wire rope
After the rope has been installed
and before it is going to do its
proper job, several run- throughs
of the normal operational circle
should be carried out under light
load (Fig. 22). The new rope
should be broken in, so that the
component parts can settle and
adjust themselves to the actual
operating conditions. It is most
unfortunate that in practice only
Fig. 19
R. Verreet, Handling, Installation and Maintenance of Steel Wire Ropes, 2/97
15
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
16
Fig. 22
17
Fig. 23
18
3. The maintenance
of steel wire ropes
Steel wire ropes must be serviced
regularly, the kind of maintenance
depending on the lifting device, its
use and the selected rope. Regular maintenance may considerably
increase the service life of a steel
wire rope.
3.1. Relubricating
steel wire ropes
During production the rope receives intensive lubrication. This
in-process treatment will provide
the rope with ample protection
against corrosion and is meant to
reduce the friction between the
elements which make up the rope
as well as the friction between
rope and sheaves or drums. This
lubrication, however, only lasts for
a limited time and should be reapplied periodically.
German Standard DIN 15 020
specifies: Steel wire ropes must
be relubricated at regular intervals, depending on their use, particularly along the zones subjected
to bending. If for operational reasons relubrication cannot be carried out, shorter service life of the
rope is to be expected and the inspection intervals have to be arranged accordingly. The influence of lubrication and relubrication on the service life of the rope
is illustrated in Fig. 24.
19
Quite often the lubricant is applied at a sheave (Fig. 25b), sometimes a continuous drip method
is used. If only a little lubricant is
required, pressure spray nozzles
can be applied.
Various other systems allow the
application of a continuous bath
Number of Cycles
[%]
200
lubricated + relubricated
150
lubricated
100
50
unlubricated
0
100
20
200
300
Tension [ N /mm2 ]
400
500
Fig. 24
and not only after the first damage has been ascertained.
3.2. Cleaning
steel wire ropes
DIN 15 020 recommends: From
time to time very dirty steel wire
ropes should be cleaned externally.
3.3. Removing
broken wires
If during an inspection ends of
d
a
b
Fig. 25
R. Verreet, Handling, Installation and Maintenance of Steel Wire Ropes, 2/97
21
3.4. Cutting
or shifting steel wire ropes
Very often wire ropes must be discarded although only short rope
sections, e.g. the one that climbs
to the second layer on the drum,
are seriously damaged, while the
rest of the rope is still in perfect
condition.
In cases such as this the service
life of wire ropes can be enormously increased by shortening,
shifting them at the fixing point
by a span that removes the section of the rope which has had
most abuse out of the critical
zone.
After this procedure an adjacent
section will be subjected to the
abuse.
22
Fig. 26
Fig. 27
R. Verreet, Handling, Installation and Maintenance of Steel Wire Ropes, 2/97
23
4. Concluding remarks
CASAR
Pressure lubricators for
steel wire rope lubrication.
available from:
++49-6841/8091-0
++49-6841/8694
Sales Department
Phone ++49-6841/8091-44
Fax
++49-6841/8091-29
24
Which rope
for my crane?
25
WHAT IS ?
WIRE
STRAND
ROPE
ORDINARY LAY
LANGS LAY
CONVENTIONAL STRANDS
COMPACTED STRANDS
26
conventional strand
compacted strand
27
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Sales Dept.
Phone ++ 49-68 41/ 80 91-39/44
Fax
++ 49-68 41/ 80 91-29
http://www.casar.de