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Arabic nouns indicate meaning independently of other words. They can be names of people, places, things, or ideas. Arabic nouns do not have tense and can take the definite article "al-" or nunation to indicate definiteness or indefiniteness. Nouns have grammatical cases, genders, and states of definiteness. Regular plural nouns are formed by adding suffixes like "-oon" or "-aat" but some nouns have irregular plurals. The term "ism" in Arabic encompasses not only nouns but also pronouns, demonstratives, adjectives, and prepositions.
Arabic nouns indicate meaning independently of other words. They can be names of people, places, things, or ideas. Arabic nouns do not have tense and can take the definite article "al-" or nunation to indicate definiteness or indefiniteness. Nouns have grammatical cases, genders, and states of definiteness. Regular plural nouns are formed by adding suffixes like "-oon" or "-aat" but some nouns have irregular plurals. The term "ism" in Arabic encompasses not only nouns but also pronouns, demonstratives, adjectives, and prepositions.
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Arabic nouns indicate meaning independently of other words. They can be names of people, places, things, or ideas. Arabic nouns do not have tense and can take the definite article "al-" or nunation to indicate definiteness or indefiniteness. Nouns have grammatical cases, genders, and states of definiteness. Regular plural nouns are formed by adding suffixes like "-oon" or "-aat" but some nouns have irregular plurals. The term "ism" in Arabic encompasses not only nouns but also pronouns, demonstratives, adjectives, and prepositions.
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( السمNoun) in Arabic is independent of other words in indicating its
meaning. AL-Ansari (1984:18/1) defines Arabic noun as a word indicating a meaning in itself. It is the name of a person, a place, a thing or an idea, e.g. ( أحمَدAhmed), ( بغدادBaghdad), َ ( طعامfood ) ,علْم ِ (science) , َ( بيتa house) (Al-Baghdadi,1988:36). Arabic noun does not have any tense and it accepts the definite article ( )الas in ( الرجلthe man) and the nunation (pronouncing final نwithout writing it) for the indefiniteness as in: ,ٍ رجلً رجلand ٌ( رجلa man). A-Zamkshari (1993:23) states that the acceptance of the كسرةkasrah ( ِ )ــunder its last letter , the nunation (ً)ــ,(ٌ )ــor (ٍ )ــwith its final letter ,النداء (vocation) ,and ( الضافةthe liability to be constructed to another noun) are considered as good signs of identifying Arabic nouns, e.g. ِ( إلى البيتto the house), ( طالبa pupil) , ُ( يا ولدO boy!), ِ( صَفْحَ ُة الكِتابthe page of the book).
Arabic nouns have three grammatical cases (nominative, accusative
and genitive), two genders (masculine and feminine) and two states of definiteness ( معرفةDefinite) or ( نكرةIndefinite) .Definite nouns include besides those with ( )ألprefix , proper nouns ,pronouns, demonstratives, relative pronouns ,vocatives and nouns in the construct state, e.g.
( الفرسthe horse), ( أحمدAhmed), ِب الرّجُل
َ ( كتاthe book of the man) , ُ( يا رَجلO man!) , ( الذيwho), َ( ُأ ْولَئكthose) and ( َ هوhe).
(AL-Ghalâyny,1944:109/2)
The cases of singular nouns are indicated by suffixing ضمةDhamma /u/
for nominative, فتحةfataha /a/ for accusative and كسرةKhasra /i/ for genitive .This rule excludes words that end with the vowel letters و,( اor )يwhere an estimated ضمْة َ , كَسرةor فتحةare used as in ( عصاstick), سُموand راعي (shepherd) .The feminine singular is often marked by final (ت/ة/ )ـةwhich is usually reduced into (-ah) before a pause. The suffix ( )انmarks the nominative of ( المثنىthe dual forms) whereas the suffix ( )ينindicates their accusative and genitive cases. It is worth noting here that not all Arabic nouns have the case property. Nouns, like all other words in Arabic, are divided into ( مُعرَبmuarab) declinable and ( مَبنيmabni) indeclinable. The majority of Arabic nouns are muarab and liable to grammatical changes. The rest of Arabic nouns are mabni and remain unchanged irrespective of the action of the other words upon them. (For further details see AL-Miry,2006:11)
Plural nouns can be regular or irregular. Regular plural of the
masculine nouns is formed by adding to the singular noun form the suffixes ( )ونfor the nominative, as in ( فلحونfarmers) and ( )ينfor the accusative and genitive as in ( فلحينfarmers). However, the regular plural of feminine noun is obtained by adding the suffix ( )اتto the singular for the three of the grammatical cases ( طبيباتdoctors). The final (ى/ )اof the singular feminine ( )الممدودis to be changed to (ي/ )وrespectively before adding the plural suffix ( )اتwhen they are not originally parts of the noun, e.g. سجى صحراء, become سجيات,صحراوات. Irregular plurals of the masculine and the feminine are arbitrary and do not follow any standard rule, e.g. ( رجلa man) becomes ( رجالmen) , ( شمسa sun) becomes (شموسsuns) , ( إمرَأةa woman) becomes (نساءwomen) . (473 ص/1 )أصول النحو ج
Finally it should be noted that the Arabic term ( اسمnoun) covers a
wide range of Arabic words it includes besides nouns, pronouns, demonstratives, adjectives and noun-prepositions. (Abboud et al,1997:67 as cited in Karin,2005:55)
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