ECE 366, ECE 460, and ME 301P

Electromechanical Conversion
Winter 2005

*********** Test 1 ***********

Total Points – 220, Complete at Least 170 Points, all Else are Bonus Points
This Test Will Constitute 15 Percent of Your Final Grade
MAKEUP Test for February 03, 2005

Please Print your Full Name ___________________________________

Please: Dependent upon the type of problem given: 1) Answer the questions (neatly and
succinctly as no credit is given for Psychobabble (PB)) with all Steps shown and with all Units
shown – repeating the question is not an answer by the way) or 2) Circle the singular best
answer or 3) Match the letter to the answers given on the right. Please read the remaining
instructions carefully.

YOU MAY HAVE 120 MINUTES TO COMPLETE THIS EXAM

MAKE SURE YOU READ ALL THE QUESTIONS!! MARK THE ONES WITH WHICH YOU FEEL
COMFORTABLE AND BEGIN WITH THESE.

SHOW ALL YOUR WORK, AS PARTIAL CREDIT MAY NOT BE GIVEN UNLESS THERE IS WORK TO
GRADE!!

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 ECE 366, ECE 460, and ME 301P
Electromechanical Conversion
Winter 2005

1) What is the limiting parameter that restricts the capability of most electrical
equipment? (1 Point)
a) Heat dissipation and/or resultant temperature rise
b) Pressure
c) I2R loss otherwise known as Watt loss
d) Volume
e) a) and c) (which are virtually one and the same)

2) The cooling classes of motors base their temperature on what ambient temperature? (1
Point)
a) 30 o Fahrenheit
b) 50 o Fahrenheit
c) 60 o Celsius
d) 40 o Celsius

3) What is it that fundamentally makes the substation and panelboard buses move and
tear apart during a fault, the same thing that makes the motor move around? (1 Point)
a) The current only
e) The interaction of the magnetic fields and current
b) The magnetic field only
c) The direction of the current only

4) Capacitors supply reactive power (VArs) and they can be used to correct the power
factor of lagging type loads (transformers, motors, etc., which absorb reactive power).
This application is described as Power Factor Improvement or Power Factor
Correction and results in: (1 Point)
a) Greater system efficiency
b) Lower (I2R) loss
c) Lower line currents
d) Lower supply equipment cost
f) All of the above

5) When do VArs leave the Generator? (1 Point)

a) When the generator is Over Excited
b) When the generator is Under Excited
c) Both

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 ECE 366, ECE 460, and ME 301P
Electromechanical Conversion
Winter 2005

6) Apparent (Complex) power is measured in units of Volt-Amperes while Real (Active)

power is measured in units of Watts; what units are used to measure Reactive power? (1
Point)
a) guilders
b) currents
c) VArs
d) None of the above

Review the three phase balanced source and load circuit carefully as shown on the
following page. The source is 208:120 VAC. The load is 30 kVA. The Pf = 1 or Unity.
Don’t ask if the load is three phase or per phase as you should know this by the problem
statement. There is no impedance in any of the lines that connect the source to the load. (1
Point each)

Source Load
208:120 N
VAC
Neutral Current

C B

7 - i) What is the voltage from Phase A to Phase B?

a) 208 VAC
b) 120 VAC
c) A complete vacuum
d) All of the Above

7 - ii) Is the aforementioned line to line voltage magnitude the same from Phase B to
Phase C as it is from Phase C to Phase A?
a) Yes
b) No
c) None of the Above

7 - iii) What is the voltage from Phase A to Neutral N?

a) 208 VAC
b) 120 VAC
c) A partial vacuum
d) None of the Above

MAKEUP TEST 1 - Page 3 of 18

 ECE 366, ECE 460, and ME 301P
Electromechanical Conversion
Winter 2005

7 - iv) Is the aforementioned phase voltage the same magnitude from Phase B to Neutral
N as it is from Phase C to Neutral N?
a) Yes
b) No
c) All of the Above

7 - v) An interesting thing occurs with perfectly balanced non-harmonic bearing three

phase circuits, what is it? (1 Point)
a) There is no neutral current, the return currents from all three phases cancels
this current.
b) It takes but a small weight to tip the scale either way.
c) The neutral current is equal to the phase current.
d) None of the Above

7 - vi) Another interesting thing occurs with perfectly balanced non-harmonic bearing
three phase circuits, what is this?
a) A three phase circuit that is balanced may be analyzed by a single phase
equivalent circuit as illustrated below; current flow, voltage drop, and voltage
regulation are the same as in the three phase circuit. “Square root of 3” is not necessary
if you convert all to wye connections. (1 Point)
b) The answer a) is false and here is why _____________________________.
c) a) and b) are correct.
A

Source Load
120 N
VAC

8) Capacitors and Inductors are opposites in all respects and their impedance values
subtract from each other in series circuits and form interesting quotients (that vary from
zero to infinite amounts of impedance) when in parallel circuits. These interesting effects
result in such unique characteristics as resonance, tuned circuits, oscillators, and impulse
generators. (1 Point)
a) True
b) False

9) Maximum transfer of power will occur when the source impedance is _____ to the load
impedance in any circuit that only has a potential source, a source impedance, and a load
impedance. (1 Point)
a) Opposite.
b) Equal.

MAKEUP TEST 1 - Page 4 of 18

 ECE 366, ECE 460, and ME 301P
Electromechanical Conversion
Winter 2005

c) Mirror Image.
d) Reciprocal

10) What are the major three steps in solving all electrical problems? (1 Point)
a) Stop; drop; and roll (It is a fire thing).
b) Draw the circuit and determine what you know; make reasonable assumptions
and calculate what you need; and check KVL, KCL, and the units of the answers.

11) What is the difference between a vector and a phasor? (2 Points)

Explanation _____A vector has magnitude and direction. A phasor has rms magnitude, a_
relative phase angle, and rotation._______________________________________________
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12) What is the reference rotational direction for phasors? (1 Point)

Explanation _________________________

Answer the following questions based upon the phasor diagram illustrated below. (2 Points
each)

V = 4,160 VAC
θ = 30 O

I = 12 A

13 - i) Does this diagram give you the impression that this is a capacitive or an inductive
circuit?
a) Capacitive
b) Inductive
c) Both but equal
d) All of the Above

MAKEUP TEST 1 - Page 5 of 18

 ECE 366, ECE 460, and ME 301P
Electromechanical Conversion
Winter 2005

13 - ii) What is the perceived Power Factor of this circuit?

Explanation ______________________________________________________________

13 - iii) What is the Real Power indicated?

Explanation ____________________________________________________

13 - iv) What is the Reactive Power indicated?

Explanation ____________________________________________________

13 - v) What is the Apparent Power indicated?

Explanation ____________________________________________________

13 - vi) What is the amount of Reactive Power required to correct the phasor to unity?

Explanation ____________________________________________________

14) What value of reactive device (reactor or capacitor, Circle which is required) would
correct the previous problem to unity if this device was in parallel to the reactive device?
(4 Points)

Explanation ________________________________________________________________
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15) What are the three forms of heat loss and also what do they all have in common? (2
and 3 Points)

Explanation _________________________________________________________________
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MAKEUP TEST 1 - Page 6 of 18

 ECE 366, ECE 460, and ME 301P
Electromechanical Conversion
Winter 2005

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16) All electric generators basically spring from the same type. Which is it? (2 Points)

Explanation ________________________________________________________________
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17) What is the basic difference between AC and DC generators? (2 Points)

Explanation _________________________________________________________________
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18) Does the output of an AC generator come from the Stator or the Rotor? (2 Points)

Explanation
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19) Does the output of a DC generator come from the Stator or the Rotor? (2 Points)

Explanation
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20) If a DC motor were running smoothly and suddenly the load changed and sparks
began to fly from the brushes; what is wrong, how could we fix this, and what is missing in
the motor that made this occur? (2 and 2 and 3 Points)

Explanation ________________________________________________________________
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 ECE 366, ECE 460, and ME 301P
Electromechanical Conversion
Winter 2005

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21) What are the three different types of DC generators? Define a significant difference
between each? Which has better speed control? Which is quite dangerous if the field
current is inadvertently removed? Why? Which is quite dangerous if the load is
inadvertently removed? Why? (4 and 4 and 2 and 2 and 4 and 3 and 4 Points)

Explanation _________________________________________________________________
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 ECE 366, ECE 460, and ME 301P
Electromechanical Conversion
Winter 2005

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22) Give me three practical methods of stopping a DC motor? Describe How Each Works
(3, 3, 3, and 3 Points)

Explanation _________________________________________________________________
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23) What is the actual “term” used to describe the flux distortion that occurs in both DC
motors and DC generators and “where” does this come from? (2 and 3 Points)

Explanation _________________________________________________________________
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24) What is that special DC motor that solves that speed run-away problem upon the loss
of field current. (3 Points)

Explanation ________________________________________________________________

25) What is the only DC motor type where increases in load produce increases in speed? (3
Points)

Explanation ________________________________________________________________

26) What happens when you significantly over-size a motor for its driven load? (3 Points)

MAKEUP TEST 1 - Page 9 of 18

 ECE 366, ECE 460, and ME 301P
Electromechanical Conversion
Winter 2005

Explanation ________________________________________________________________
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27) What is the singular item that most determines the physical size of a motor or a
generator? (1 Points and it is not HP or Voltage)

Explanation
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28) Succinctly define a reactor. (3 Points)

Explanation ________________________________________________________________
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29) Succinctly define a capacitor. (3 Points)

Explanation ________________________________________________________________
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30) Succinctly define Instantaneous Power. (3 Point)

Explanation _________________________________________________________________
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MAKEUP TEST 1 - Page 10 of 18

 ECE 366, ECE 460, and ME 301P
Electromechanical Conversion
Winter 2005

31) Draw the Power Triangle of the following loads that are all shunt fed from a
synchronous generator. What is the Resultant in terms of P and Q? Please be neat! -
EACH BLOCK IS 5 kVA HIGH and 5 kVA WIDE, You might want to scribble this out on a
piece of scrap paper before transferring to the grid below. (7 and 3 Points)

5 kVAr(Ind), 10 kW, 20 kVAr(Cap), 5 kW, 15 kVAr(Ind), 5 kW, 15 kVAr(Ind), 10 kW, 10

kVAr(Cap), 20 kW, and 5 kVAr(Ind)

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RESULTANT ______________________________________________________________

32) Define the quantities P, Q, and S (Name, Symbol (who is buried in Grant’s Tomb), and
Units). Define their mathematical relationship as well. (3 and 2 Points)

Explanation ________________________________________________________________

MAKEUP TEST 1 - Page 11 of 18

 ECE 366, ECE 460, and ME 301P
Electromechanical Conversion
Winter 2005

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33) Turn to page 152 of the book. Find Example 7-14. Solve this example for the voltage
across the resistor and the current through resistor with no change in the circuit except a
capacitor has been added in series with the other elements and the capacitor has a value of
28 ohms. Now calculate the voltage across the capacitor and the reactor? Before you get
your Cray computer out, note the points for this problem! (4 Points)

Explanation _________________________________________________________________
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34) If the circuit on the following page has a current of 10 amperes with a source voltage of
120 VAC, 60 Hz, what will the current do as the frequency of this source increases? What
will the voltage across the resistor do as the frequency increases? (3 Points)
a) Both will decrease
b) Current will increase and Voltage will decrease
c) Current will decrease and Voltage will increase
d) Both will increase

Source INDUCTOR
I Current
Current

MAKEUP TEST 1 - Page 12 of 18

 ECE 366, ECE 460, and ME 301P
Electromechanical Conversion
Winter 2005

35) If the circuit on the following page has a current of 10 amperes with a source voltage of
120 VAC, 60 Hz, what will the current do as the frequency of this source increases? What
will the voltage across the resistor do as the frequency increases? (3 Points)
a) Both will decrease
b) Current will increase and Voltage will decrease
c) Current will decrease and Voltage will increase
d) Both will increase
e) This is a “flux capacitor”, so nothing will happen.

CAPACITOR
Source I Current
Current

36) If the following circuit has a total current of 10 Amperes initially, will the portion of the
total current that flows through resistor R1 increase or decrease as R2 is increased?
(2 Points)
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) Both
d) Warp before your very eyes - Source Resistor Didn’t show accept d) as “Non-of-
the-above”

R1 R2
Source

37) Please define Saturation as it applies to motors. How does it occur? Can saturation
occur in a DC motor or is it only an AC phenomenon? (5 and 5 Points)

Explanation _________________________________________________________________
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MAKEUP TEST 1 - Page 13 of 18

 ECE 366, ECE 460, and ME 301P
Electromechanical Conversion
Winter 2005

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MAKEUP TEST 1 - Page 14 of 18

 ECE 366, ECE 460, and ME 301P
Electromechanical Conversion
Winter 2005

38) A substation furnishes single phase electric power to a load over a distribution line
which has a total loop resistance of 10 ohms and an inductive reactance of 16 ohms. The
wattmeter and varmeter show the consumption to be 90 kW and 65 kVAr at the load. The
voltage at the load end is 4,000 volts AC. (7 Points)

Draw Your Diagram Here Please !

38 – i) What is the power factor at the load? (Pf) (3 Points)

Explanation
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38 – ii) What is the line current? (A) (10 Points)

Explanation
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MAKEUP TEST 1 - Page 15 of 18

 ECE 366, ECE 460, and ME 301P
Electromechanical Conversion
Winter 2005

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38 – iii) What is the delivered power at the Substation (kW)? (17 Points)

Explanation
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38 – iv) What is the phase angle between the current and the voltage at the Substation?

Explanation (10 Points)_______________________________________________________

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MAKEUP TEST 1 - Page 16 of 18

 ECE 366, ECE 460, and ME 301P
Electromechanical Conversion
Winter 2005

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38 – v) What is the voltage at the load? (20 Points)

Explanation
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38 – vi) If the frequency of the power is 60 hertz, what is the value of the inductance of
the line (Henrys)? (3 Points)

Explanation
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38 – vii) What is the power factor at the Substation? (7 Points)

Explanation
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MAKEUP TEST 1 - Page 17 of 18

 ECE 366, ECE 460, and ME 301P
Electromechanical Conversion
Winter 2005

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MAKEUP TEST 1 - Page 18 of 18