Chapter2 Problems 1

CHAPTER 2 KINEMATICS IN

ONE DIMENSION
_____________________________________________________________________________ _ 11. REASONING Since the woman runs for a known distance at a known constant speed, we can find the time it takes for her to reach the water from Equation 2.1. We can then use Equation 2.1 to determine the total distance traveled by the dog in this time. SOLUTION The time required for the woman to reach the water is Elapsed time = d woman vwoman 4.0 km 1000 m = = 1600 s 2.5 m/s 1.0 km

In 1600 s, the dog travels a total distance of

d dog = vdog t = (4.5 m/s)(1600 s) = 7.2 103 m

_____________________________________________________________________________ _ 29. REASONING AND SOLUTION a. The magnitude of the acceleration can be found from Equation 2.4 (v = v0 + at) as
a= v v0 t = 3.0 m/s 0 m/s = 1.5 m/s 2 2.0 s

b. Similarly the magnitude of the acceleration of the car is

a= v v0 t = 41.0 m/s 38.0 m/s = 1.5 m/s 2 2.0 s

c. Assuming that the acceleration is constant, the displacement covered by the car can be found from Equation 2.9 (v2 = v02 + 2ax):

x=

2 v 2 v0

2a

(41.0 m/s) 2 (38.0 m/s)2 = = 79 m 2(1.5 m/s 2 )

KINEMATICSIN ONEDIMENSION

Similarly, the displacement traveled by the jogger is

x=

2 v 2 v0

2a

(3.0 m/s) 2 (0 m/s) 2 = 3.0 m 2(1.5 m/s 2 )

Therefore, the car travels 79 m 3.0 m = 76 m further than the jogger. _____________________________________________________________________________ _ 31. REASONING Since the belt is moving with constant velocity, the displacement ( x0 = 0 m) covered by the belt in a time tbelt is giving by Equation 2.2 (with x0 assumed to be zero) as
x = vbelt tbelt

(1 )

Since Clifford moves with constant acceleration, the displacement covered by Clifford in a time tCliff is, from Equation 2.8, x = v0tCliff + 1 at 2 = 1 at 2 2 Cliff 2 Cliff (2 )

The speed vbelt with which the belt of the ramp is moving can be found by eliminating x between Equations (1) and (2). SOLUTION Equating the right hand sides of Equations (1) and (2), and noting that tCliff = 1 t , we have 4 belt

vbelt tbelt = 1 a 2
vbelt =
1 at belt 32

t (1 4 belt )

1 (0.37 32

m/s 2 )(64 s) = 0.74 m/s

_____________________________________________________________________________ _ 59. REASONING AND SOLUTION The stone requires a time, t1 , to reach the bottom of the hole, a distance y below the ground. Assuming downward to be the positive direction, the variables are related by Equation 2.8 with v0 = 0 m/s: y=1 at 2 2 1 (1)

Chapter2 Problems 3

The sound travels the distance y from the bottom to the top of the hole in a time t2 . Since the sound does not experience any acceleration, the variables y and t2 are related by Equation 2.8 with a = 0 m/s2 and vsound denoting the speed of sound:
y = vsound t2

(2)

Equating the right hand sides of Equations (1) and (2) and using the fact that the total elapsed time is t = t1 + t2 , we have
1 at 2 2 1

= vsound t2
1 at 2 2 1

or

1 2

2 at1 = vsound (t t1 )

Rearranging gives + vsound t1 vsound t = 0

Substituting values and suppressing units for brevity, we obtain the following quadratic equation for t1 :
2 4.90t1 + 343t1 514 = 0

From the quadratic formula, we obtain t1 = 343 (343) 2 4(4.90)(514) = 1.47 s or 71.5 s 2(4.90)

The negative time corresponds to a nonphysical result and is rejected. The depth of the hole is then found using Equation 2.8 with the value of t1 obtained above:

y = v0t1 + 1 at 2 = ( 0 m/s ) ( 1.47 s ) + 1 (9.80 m/s 2 )(1.47 s) 2 = 10.6 m 2 1 2

_____________________________________________________________________________ _