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INTRODUCTION Long distance computer communication has become a challenge of the present day technology.

Recently these computer communication networks are also termed as information networks.Presently there are many information services for information exchange like Teletex, Electronics mail, Video teleconferencing, Facsimile transmission (FAX), which are quit efficient but expensive too. But there could be a situation where the terminal from which we want to down load or upload few lines or files or say information, may be \u201cOFF\u201d from the mains.Thus all the technologies are failed.And this is, where our project \u201cTelephone Controlled Switch\u201d comes into picture. To establish an interactive link with such a terminal ( which may be placed anywhere in the world ), we have to put the mains \u201cON\u201d and then communicates with it using Modems on a telephone network.To materialize such a system we would require some circuitry which would receive commands on telephone line and can switch mains load \u201cON\u201d or \u201cOFF\u201d ( i.e. the \u201cTelephone Controlled Switch\u201d). The two major parts of the system are, the hardware configuration and software design.In the subsequent section we will deal with each block as well as the required software in detail. Our project is to eliminate the problem by using such a circuitry, which can switch the remote terminal ON/OFF without anybody being present at the remote location.This aim is achieved by using TCS (Telephone Controlled Switch). he TCS (Telephone Controlled Switch) designed here is capable ofcontrolling up to eight main powered loads with the aid of commands received viatelephone.Any tone-dialing (DTMF) telephone set or hand-held tone dialer may beused to send commands to the switching unit and remotely control a wide range ofmains appliances in and around home, factories, industries etc.This system is designedto have a personal access code and with system feedback facility.

SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM AND OPERATION

OPERATION

The circuit is connected to the telephone network just like any normaltelephone set.On being called, the circuit waits for predetermined number of ringsignals and then answers the call (electrically it lifts the receiver).Next it waits forpreprogrammed system access code, which the caller must transmit with the DTMFkeypad on his telephone. The unit is capable of switching up to light loads ON and OFF. Byvirtue of relays, high voltage and currents may be switched, so that loads may includemains powered ones.Reception of correct system access code is acknowledged with ashort tone, which the caller can here. UNITSOF TCS : Ring detector Unit: The ring detector Unit consists of a diode bridge, voltage controllers, anopto-coupler, Voltage and some other components.The main function of this unit is todetect a ringing signal and rectifies it.This rectified signal interrupts controller. Switching Unit: The switching unit consists of a double pole double throw relay the .This unit switches the in coming Telephone line to the DTMF decoder after call isdetected DTMF DECODER UNIT This unit consists of a DTMF decoder IC 8870.Which receives signals from the tone pair and generates a 4-bit code recording to the received input.These 4bit code are given to the controller unit. Micro controller Unit: This unit is the heart of all the circuitry.The unit controls all the operation performed by the ICS.This unit is composed of 89CSI controller. Assurance tone generator Unit :For the feedback purpose to confirm about device status to person at remote location, musical IC UM 66 is used as assurance tone generator.

Driver Unit :This unit consists of driver transistor and current limiting resistor.These transistors switches ON & OFF & controls the corresponding relays ON & OFF. This unit receives control signals from the part 2 of controller. Relay Unit: This unit consists of 7 relays ( single pole double through ) (12 v/2Sov/5A).These relays are driver ON or OFF by driver unit & thus it switches the mainsline ON or OFF & thus the load.The relay having different rating can be usedrecording to the desired application. Power supply Unit :The power supply of the telephone controlled switch is conventional & based on fixed voltage regulators.The 12 V & 5V supply Voltages used for the relay section & digital sections respectively are derived from a single mains transformer with a secondary voltage of ISV WORKING : The incoming call is detected by the ring detector unit, during this periodthe relay in switching unit is OFF. When the call is detected, the ring detector unit givesthe U controller unit a logic low pulse.As per the time delay specified in the Ucontroller programming, micro controller waits for about 15-20 seconds.During thisperiod if anyone pick-up the hand set of telephone set, U controller stops working andtelephone set can be used in usual way.If no one pick up hand set then U controllerunit gives the logic high pulse to the switching unit, thus the relay in the switching unitis made ON & thus the incoming telephone line is connected to the DTMF decoder.The DTME recorder receives the signals from the line and converts it into equivalent 4bit code.These codes are given to the U controller unit.The U controller unit usesthese code to perform required operation using the software from the memory unit.When a line on the port 2 goes low the driver transistor is

switched OFF and thus thecorresponding relay and the load.If the line on Port 2 is made logic high, thecorresponding driver transistor is switched ON and thus the relay and the load. Thus the TCS can be used to switch the mains ON and OFF from a remote location.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM EXPLANATION The heart of the circuit diagram, given in fig 1 is formed by an 89C51micro controller.The section sits between a telephone interface circuits and powerswitching interface.An integrated DTMF decoder type M-8870 decodes the tonedialing code receives via telephone line. The telephone line interface consists of two parts :One is detect ring signal that unables the unit to answer the call at the right moment and another to receive and transmit via the telephone line. Initially, relay RL5 is in turn off condition, so telephone line is connectedto ringing section through relay contact RL5.Due to this, ringing signal of 120V a.c. isrectified by diode full wave bridge rectifier circuit & d.c. is available across C4. The ringing signal detector is relatively simple.A bridge rectifier, D1 D4 connected to the telephone lines turns the ringing signal into pulsating direct voltage,which is smoothed by C4 and limited to 15 V with the aid of Zener diode D.The directvoltage across diode D supplies the LED in optocoupler IC.During the ringing signal,the collector of phototransistor in optocoupler (pin 5) is at ground potential.The microcontroller IC interrogates the state of optocoupler O/P signal via.Port line p 3.3 andmicro controller counts time delay stored in software ( about 15 to 25 sec.).In that timedelay, if any one picks up the handset micro controller stops its working and telephoneset can be used as usual way.Otherwise, after the completion of time delay microcontroller turns ON relay RL5 by setting bit P3.7 As soon as the relay is turn ON telephone line is connected to decoder IC8870 andmusical tone is generated by IC lim66.This musical tone heard by remotelocation person indicates that micro controller is ready for ON/OFF the mains power ofany load.

DTMF 8870 IC can response only tone frequency not pulse frequency.All command reach the unit via telephone line in the Form of DTMF codes generatedon telephone set with a tone dialing keypad.This received DTMF signals arecapacitively coupled to the decoder IC.The external components that enable theM8870 DTMF decoder to operate reliably are limited to Four resistors, a capacitor anda quartz crystal.The four decoder outputs Q1 Q4 supply a bit pattern that correspondsto the received DTMF number.This 4 bit DTMF code is applied to the micro controllervia port lines P1.0 to P1.3 and stored in register.After receiving the access code of thedevice, micro controller compares this code with look up table feed in internal EEPROM OF Micro controller IC.Accordingly, high or low signal is sent to the relaydriver circuit to make corresponding device ON or OFF. After this, assurance tone is generated which is feedback to user, to indicate confirmation of operation.

POWER SUPPLY

DESIGN OF POWER SUPPLY

Since a power supply is vital part of all electronic system.Its discussionis necessary. Most digital ICs includingcontroller and DTME ICS operate on +5Vsupply and relays operate on 12V supply.So we are presenting the power supply designof required specifications.The basic block diagram is as above. The schematic dia. of circuit is as shown.According to it, 15-0-15 stepdown transformer is used to get 12 V supply.These o/p of secondary are given tobridge rectifiers which converts sine i/p into full wave rectified o/p.The fillercapacitors at the o/p of bridge rectifiers are charged to the peak value of rectified o/pvoltage whenever the diodes are forward biased during entire cycle of i/p waveform, thevoltage across filter capacitor is pulsating de that is combination of dc and ripplevoltage from pulsating dc Voltage, a regulated de Voltage is extracted by regulator IC 7805. Assuming drop across each diode as bridge rectifier is 0.7 V.Hence voltage at o/p of bridge rectifier is nearly equal to 12V. This 12 V supply is used to power the relays used. As shown in fig. IC 7805 is a +5 V regulator and delivers o/p current in

xcess of 1A. The i/p voltage required for this IC is 12 V. The 12 V o/p from bridge rectifier is fed to i/p pin of 7805. This regulator gives a regulated power supply of 5V. The capacitor at the o/p of 7805 IC helps to improve transient response. Thus we are getting two power supply of +5V & +12 V from given circuit design. LIST OF COMPONENTS : ICs IC1 89C51 IC2 8870 IC3 MCT2E IC4 UM66 Crystal Oscillators X1 12 MHz X2 3.768 MHz Transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 BEL 187 Q6 BC 547 Q5 SL 100 Resistors: R2, R3, R4, R5 9,7 K R7 7.9 K R6 7.9 K R12 39 K R13 62 K

R18 100 K R19 300 K R1 10 K R11 680 K Capacitors: C1 10F C2, C3 22 pF C5, C6 0.01F C7, C8 0.1F MICRO CONTROLLER UNIT: Micro controller IC 89C51 is heart of our project. We select this micro controller IC for our project for following numbers of advantages : 1)Internal 64 K bytes of electrically erasable programmable read only memory for feeding program, so that there is no need of external EPROM. 2)Four 8 bit i/p o/p ports. Out of which we use one port to read output of DTMF decoder and other ports is used to connect relay for operating devices through it. 3)Operating voltage of 3.5 V to 6 V d.c. which is easily available by using voltage regulator IC. 4)Internal 128 byte RAMto store temporary storage of data. In which we can feed program to turn on/off relays. 5)Two 16 bits timer / counter are present for timing and counting purpose. 6)4 external and 2 internal interrupts are available. ATMEL AT89C51 PINOUT AND DESCRIPTION The AT89C51 is a low power, high performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 4Kbytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory(PEROM). This device is compatible with the industry standard 8051 instruction set and pinout.

In addition, the 8951 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The power Down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.

PIN DESCRIPTION Vcc Supply Voltage Gnd Ground Port 0 Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high-impedance inputs. Port 0 may also be configured to be the multiplexed lowered address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode P0 has internal pullups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming, and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pullups are required during program verification. Port 1 Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The port 1 outputs buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 1 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups. Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification Port 2 Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The port 2 output buffers can sink / source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 2 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @ DPTR). In this application it uses strong internal pullups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI). Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification. Port 3 Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 3 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pullups. Port 3 also receives some control signals for flash programming and verification. RST

Reset input. A high on this pin for two machines cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device. ALE/PROG Address Latch Enable output pulses for latching the low byte of theaddress during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input(PROG) during Flash programming. In normal operation ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillatorfrequency, and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note, howeverthat one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external Data Memory. If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFRlocation BEH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVCinstruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has noeffect if the micro controller is in external execution mode. PSEN Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory. When the AT89C51 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine. Cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory. EA/Vpp External Access Enable EA must be strapped to GND in order to enablethe device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at0000H uptoFFFFH. Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed. Ea will be internally latchedon reset. EA should be strapped to Vcc for internal program executions. This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage (Vpp) during Flash programming, for parts that require 12-volt Vpp. XTAL1 Input to the inverting oscillator amplifies and input to the internal clock operating circuit.

XTAL2 Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier. In micro controller programming , we are using two special function reg. i.e. TCON& IE reg. THE TIMER CONTROL (TCON) SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0 Bit Symbol Function 7 TF1 Timer 1 Overflow flag. Set when timer rolls from all 1s to 0.Cleared when processor vectors to execute interrupt serviceroutine located at program address 001Bh. 6 TR1 Timer 1 run control bit. Set to 1 by program to enable timer to control; cleared when processor vector to execute interrupt service routine located at program address 000Bh.

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