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DEFINING RESEARCH
It implies that the person has to search again, to take another more careful look,
to find out more”.
Why?
o Information may not be enough
o Misleading information
o Totally wrong
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
1. Problem identification
2. Review of Related Literature
3. Objectives Formulation
4. Formulation of hypotheses and Assumptions
5. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework Construction
6. Research Design Selection
7. Data Collection
8. Data Processing
9. Data Analysis and Interpretation
10. Report Writing
FUNCTIONS OF RESEARCH
1. Objectivity
2. Critical mind
3. Openness
4. Resourcefulness
5. Patience
6. Logical Thinking
7. Ethical
1. When there is no known answer or solution to the problem such that gap in
knowledge exists.
2. Where there are possible solutions to it but the effectiveness of which is
untested or unknown yet.
3. When there are answers or solutions but the possible results of which may be
seem or factually contradictory.
4. When there are several possible and plausible explanations for the undesirable
condition.
5. When the existence of a phenomenon requires explanation.
1. Personal experience
2. Common sense
3. Theories
4. Past researches
5. practical problems
6. Journals, books, theses and dissertation, and mass media
7. Technological changes
8. Friends, colleagues, professors, consultants
9. Conferences, symposia, dialogues, ordinary meetings
1. The researcher should see to it that the major concepts or terms and variables in
the study are clearly defined. The concepts/terms/variables must be such that
they mean according to how the researcher wants them to be understood and
they can be represented by some evidence which can be obtained through direct
or indirect activities which are feasible to carry out.
2. Limit the scope of the study in terms of issues, concerns, or subjects; area
coverage; target population and/or sample population, source of data or
respondents; time allotment; and data requirement – qualitative or quantitative, or
both.