Experiment 7.

Classification of Anions Anion ClBrICN , SCN , OCl , Fe(CN)63Fe(CN)64S2 NO2-, CH3COO-

AgNO3 white pale yellow canary yellow white green to blue white black white

HNO3

BaCl2

HNO3

insoluble

no ppt

soluble

no ppt

SO32-, CO32-, HCO3-, BO33C2O42-, C4H4O62C6H5O73PO43AsO43AsO33S2O3

23-

formation of white ppt

soluble

formation of white ppt

soluble

yellow choco brown yellow black reddish brown no ppt soluble

white soluble pale yellow

CrO4

NO3-, ClO3-

no ppt

SO42-, F-

no ppt

formation of white ppt

insoluble

Confirmatory Tests of Group I Anions Anions ClCNBrIFe(CN)6-4 Fe(CN)6-3 Reagents a. AgNO3, NH4OH, HNO3 b. Hg2(NO3)2, HNO3 Hg2(NO3)2, HNO3 DCM, H2SO4, KMnO4 a. DCM, H2SO4, KMnO4 b. NaNO2, CH3COOH, starch FeCl3 FeSO4 a. FeCl3 SCN
-

Formula AgCl Hg2Cl2 Hg2(CN)2 Br2 I2 Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2 Fe(SCN)+2 (NH4)2Co(SCN)4

Color & Nature white ppt white to gray ppt white ppt reddish brown layer purple layer blue solution Prussian blue Turnbulls blue blood red soln azure blue soln

b. amyl alcohol, ether, Co(NO3)2 a. Pb(Ac)2, NaOH b. HCl, starch-iodide paper

ClO-

Pb(ClO)2 I2

orange to brown ppt blue color

Confirmatory Tests of Group II Anions Anions Reagents a. silver coin S

-2

Formula Ag2S H2S PbS NO2 FeNOSO4 ethyl acetate Fe(OH)2CH3COO

Color & Nature black color rotten egg odor black ppt brown gas brown ring fruit-like odor reddish brown ppt

b. H2SO4, Pb(Ac)2

NO2-

a. H2SO4 b. CH3COOH, FeSO4 a. conc. H2SO4, ethanol b. FeCl3, heat

CH3COO-

Confirmatory Tests of Group III Anions Anions Reagents a. H2SO4, blue litmus SO3
-2

Formula SO2 H2S2O6 (dithionic acid) CO2 CaCO3 CaCO3 Hg4O3CO3 (CH3)3BO3

Color & Nature garlic odor light purple soln

b. KMnO4, H2SO4

CO3-2

a. H2SO4, blue litmus b. Ca(OH)2 a. excessCaCl2 b. HgCl2 a. CH3OH, H2SO4, ignite a. CaCl2, HOAc

blue to red white ppt white ppt reddish brown ppt green-bordered flame

HCO3-2 & CO3-2

BO3-3 C2O4-2

CaC2O4 KHC4H4O6 Ag0 Ca3(C6H5O7)2 Ag0

white ppt white ppt silver mirror white ppt silver mirror

C4H4O6-2

a. HOAc, KCl b. AgNO3, NH4OH, heat a. NaOH, CaCl2, heat b. AgNO3, NH4OH, boil

C6H5O7-3

Confirmatory Tests of Group IV Anions Anions Reagents a. NH4Cl, magnesia mixture, NH3 b. (NH4)2MoO4, HNO3 a. NH4Cl, magnesia mixture, NH3 b. (NH4)2MoO4, HNO3 a. NH4Cl, magnesia mixture, NH3 b. (NH4)2MoO4, HNO3 a. H2SO4 b. KMnO4, H2SO4 a. H2SO4, ether, H2O2 CrO4-2 b. Pb(Ac)2 NaOH Formula MgNH4PO4 (NH4)3PO4.12MoO3 MgNH4PO4 (NH4)3AsO4.12MoO3 soluble soluble SO2 MnSO4 CrO5 PbCrO4 Na2CrO4 garlic odor decolorization blue ethereal yellow ppt yellow soln Color & Nature white ppt yellow ppt white ppt yellow ppt

PO4-3

AsO4-3

AsO3-3

S2O3

-2

Confirmatory Tests of Group V Anions Anions Reagents a. conc. H2SO4, Cu wire b. conc. H2SO4, FeSO4 Formula NO2 FeNOSO4 Color & Nature brown gas brown ring

NO3-

ClO3-

a. KNO2, HNO3, AgNO3

AgCl

white ppt