Job Number: Job Title: Ann's Grove Head Regulator Client: Ministry of Agriculture Calcs by: O.

B1 Width (m) 1.2

Sheet:

Checked by:

Date:

Design of Box Culvert

Inside Dimensions Depth (m) 1.2 Slab thickness (mm) Vertical and horizontal slab Centre line of frame 1.45 m 1.45 m
3 25000 N/m

250

Superimposed dead load Live load Unit wt. of Soil Angle of repose

2 21840 N/m 2 11240.625 N/m 3 18000 N/m 20 deg.

0.34906585 rad.

Con.

Concrete strength Case 1:

M25 (C25/30)

Steel strength

415 Fe

500 N/mm2 fyk

Dead and live loads from outside while no water pressure from inside
2 6250.0 N/m 2 33080.63 N/m 2 39330.63 N/m

Self weight of top slab Live and dead loads Total load on top slab Wt. of Each side wall Upward soil reaction at base Coefficient of active earth pressure Ka = 1-sin/1+sin

9062.5 N/m
2 51830.63 N/m

0.49

Lateral pressure due to dead and live load pv.Ka = Lateral pressure due to soil = Total Lateral pressure at depth h = 16219.12 N/m2 Lateral pressure intensity at top = 29015.70 N/m2 Lateral pressure intensity bottom = Ka.wh 16219.12 6000h

16219.12 N/m2 8825.23 h

Due to symmetry, half of the frame of the box culvert is considered for moment distribution. Since all the members have uniform thicknes, and of uniform dimensions, the relative stiffness K for AD will be equal to 1 while the relative stiffness for AE and DF will be 1/2.

Distribution factor for AD and DA Distribution factor for AB and DC Fixed end moments MFAB MFDC MFAD neg.wL2/12 pos.wL2/12 pos.pL2/12 + WL/15

0.67 0.33

-6891.05 N-m 9081.16 N-m

where W is the total triangular earth pressure MFAD MFDA 3738.55 N-m -4186.97 N-m

The moment distribution is carried out as illustrated in table below:

MOMENT DISTRIBUTION FOR CASE I

Joint Member Distributio n Factor DC 0.33

D DA 0.67 AD 0.67

A AB 0.33

F.E.M Balance

9081.16 -1631.40

-4186.97 -3262.79 1050.83

3738.55 2101.67 -1631.40 1087.60

-6891.05 1050.83

Carry Over Balance -350.28

-700.56

543.80

Carry Over Balance -181.27 Carry Over Balance -38.92 Carry Over Balance -20.14 Carry Over Balance -4.32 Carry Over Balance -2.24 Final moments 6852.59

543.80 -362.53 116.76 -77.84 60.42 -40.28 12.97 -8.65 6.71 -4.48 -6852.59

-350.28 233.52 -181.27 120.84 -38.92 25.95 -20.14 13.43 -4.32 2.88 5098.11 1.44 -5098.11
2 39330.63 N/m 28514.70 N 2 51830.63 N/m 37577.20 N

116.76

60.42

12.97

6.71

For the horizontal slab AB, carrying U.D.L Vertical reaction at A and B For Bottom slab DC, carrying U.D.L Vertical reaction at D and C

The free body diagrams for various members, indicating loading, B.M and reactions are shown below:

5,098.11 N-m w = 39,330.63 N/mm 13,641.38 N

5,098.11 N-m

A 28,514.7 N

1700.00

B 28,514.7 N

13,641.38 N

(a)

D 37577.2 N

C F 37577.2 N

19153.87 N 6,852.59 N-m w = 51,830.63 N/mm 6,852.59 N-m

19153.87 N

For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction is found by taking moments at D ha * 1.45 ha hd 13641.38 N 19153.87 N 10336.58 N-m 5238.47 N-m 13621.74 N-m 6769.14 N-m -1754.48 17050.35 4484.14 0

Free B.M at mid-point "E" Net B.M at E Free B.M at mid-point "F " Net B.M at F

For the vertical member AD, simply supported B.M at the mid-span B.M Net B.M Width (m) 1.2 5944.14 N-m 31.21 N-m

Design of Box Culvert

Inside Dimensions Superimposed dead load Live load Unit wt. of Soil Angle of repose Concrete strength Case 2: Depth (m) 1.2 Slab thickness (mm) Vertical and horizontal slab Centre line of frame 1.45 m 1.45 m
3 25000 N/m

250

2 12000 N/m 2 45000 N/m 3 18000 N/m 20 deg.

0.35 rad.

Con. 415 Fe

M25 (C25/30) Steel strength

500 N/mm2 fyk

In this case, water pressure having an intensity of zero at A and 0 14805.70 14210.00 N/m2 N/m2 N/m2
2 6250 N/m 2 57000 N/m 2 63250 N/m

Pressure at A Pressure at D Net Lateral pressure of Intensity Self weight of top slab Live and dead loads Total load on top slab Wt. of Each side wall Upward soil reaction at base

9062.5 N/m
2 75750 N/m

Coefficient of active earth pressure Ka = 1-sin/1+sin 0.49 27946.56 N/m2 8825.23 h

Lateral pressure due to dead and live load pv.Ka = Lateral pressure due to soil = Total Lateral pressure at depth h = 27946.56 N/m2 Lateral pressure intensity at top = 25937.44 N/m2 Lateral pressure intensity bottom = Ka.wh 27946.56 6000h

Due to symmetry, half of the frame of the box culvert is considered for moment distribution. Since all the members have uniform thicknes, and of uniform dimensions, the relative stiffness K for AD will be equal to 1 while the relative stiffness for AE and DF will be 1/2.

Distribution factor for AD and DA Distribution factor for AB and DC

0.67 0.33

Fixed end moments MFAB MFDC MFAD neg.wL2/12 pos.wL2/12 pos.pL2/12 + WL/15 -11081.93 N-m 13272.03 N-m

where W is the total triangular earth pressure MFAD MFDA 4755.67 N-m -4685.26 N-m

The moment distribution is carried out as illustrated in table below:

MOMENT DISTRIBUTION FOR CASE I

Joint Member Distributio n Factor DC 0.33

D DA 0.67 AD 0.67

A AB 0.33

F.E.M Balance

13272.03 -2862.26

-4685.26 -5724.51 2108.75

4755.67 4217.51 -2862.26 1908.17 -702.92 468.61 -318.03 212.02 -78.10 52.07 -35.34 23.56 -8.68 5.79 7638.07

-11081.93 2108.75

Carry Over Balance -702.92 Carry Over Balance -318.03 Carry Over Balance -78.10 Carry Over Balance -35.34 Carry Over Balance -8.68 Carry Over Balance -3.93 Final moments 9262.79

-1405.84 954.09 -636.06 234.31 -156.20 106.01 -70.67 26.03 -17.36 11.78 -7.85 -9262.79

954.09

234.31

106.01

26.03

11.78

2.89 -7638.07
2 63250 N/m 45856.25 N 2 75750 N/m 54918.75 N

For the horizontal slab AB, carrying U.D.L Vertical reaction at A and B For Bottom slab DC, carrying U.D.L Vertical reaction at D and C

The free body diagrams for various members, indicating loading, B.M and reactions are shown below:

For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction is found by taking moments at D ha * 1.45 ha hd 18655.23 N 20410.68 N 16622.89 N-m 8984.82 N-m 19908.05 N-m 10645.26 N-m -1624.72 27266.73867 1408.057821 0

Free B.M at mid-point "E" Net B.M at E Free B.M at mid-point "F" Net B.M at F

For the vertical member AD, simply supported B.M at the mid-span B.M Net B.M 7080.70 N-m 1369.73 N-m

Design of Box Culvert

Inside Dimensions Superimposed dead load Live load Unit wt. of Soil Angle of repose Concrete strength M20 Width (m) 1.2 Depth (m) 1.2 250 Slab thickness (mm) Vertical and horizontal slab Centre line of frame 1.45 m 1.45 m
3 25000 N/m

2 21840 N/m 2 11240.63 N/m 3 18000 N/m 20 deg.

0.35 rad.

Con. 415 Fe

Steel strength

Case 3:

In this case, it is assumed that there is no lateral pressure due to live load. 0 14210 N/m2
2 6250.00 N/m 2 33080.63 N/m 2 39330.63 N/m

Pressure at A Pressure at D Self weight of top slab Live and dead loads Total load on top slab Wt. of Each side wall Upward soil reaction at base

9062.50 N/m
2 51830.63 N/m

Coefficient of active earth pressure Ka = 1-sin/1+sin pv.Ka Lateral pressure due to dead = Lateral pressure due to soil = Total Lateral pressure at depth h = 10707.95 N/m2 Earth pressure intensity at top = 23504.53 N/m2 Earth pressure intensity bottom =
2 12796.58 N/m

0.49 10707.95 N/m2 8825.230737 h

Ka.wh 10707.95 6000h

Due to symmetry, half of the frame of the box culvert is considered for moment distribution. Since all the members have uniform thicknes, and of uniform dimensions, the relative stiffness K for AD will be equal to 1 while the relative stiffness for AE and DF will be 1/2. Distribution factor for AD and DA Distribution factor for AB and DC Fixed end moments MFAB MFDC MFAD neg.wL2/12 pos.wL /12 pos.pL2/12 + WL/15
2

0.67 0.33

-6891.05 N-m 9081.16 N-m

where W is the total triangular earth pressure MFAD MFDA 1777.06 N-m -1727.54 N-m

The moment distribution is carried out as illustrated in table below:

MOMENT DISTRIBUTION FOR CASE I

Joint Member Distributio n Factor DC 0.33

D DA 0.67 AD 0.67

A AB 0.33

F.E.M Balance

9081.16 -2451.21

-1727.54 -4902.41 1704.66

1777.06 3409.33 -2451.21 1634.14 -568.22 378.81 -272.36 181.57 -63.14 42.09 -30.26 20.17 -7.02 4.68 4055.66

-6891.05 1704.66

Carry Over Balance -568.22 Carry Over Balance -272.36 Carry Over Balance -63.14 Carry Over Balance -30.26 Carry Over Balance -7.02 Carry Over Balance -3.36 Final moments 5685.60

-1136.44 817.07 -544.71 189.41 -126.27 90.79 -60.52 21.05 -14.03 10.09 -6.72 -5685.60

817.07

189.41

90.79

21.05

10.09

2.34 -4055.66
2 39330.63 N/m 28514.70 N 2 51830.63 N/m 37577.20 N

For the horizontal slab AB, carrying U.D.L Vertical reaction at A and B For Bottom slab DC, carrying U.D.L Vertical reaction at D and C

The free body diagrams for various members, indicating loading, B.M and reactions are shown below:

For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction is found by taking moments at D ha * 1.45 ha hd 6297.59 N -8204.21 N 10336.58 N-m 6280.92 N-m 13621.74 N-m 7936.14 N-m -1629.94 11256.73 -495.28 0

Free B.M at mid-point "E" Net B.M at E Free B.M at mid-point "F" Net B.M at F

For the vertical member AD, simply supported B.M at the mid-span B.M Net B.M -2628.45 N-m 2242.18 N-m x Let the max. hogging B.M occur at a distance x below A. Mx 4055.66 -6297.59 x 0.5 x Mx For max. dMx/dx which gives x = Mmax 28237.74 N-m -6297.59 10707.95 x 2.966 m
2 -487.38 x 2 5353.97 x 2 0.33 x 2 5353.97 x

-974.77 x3 -162.46 0 =

4055.66

-6297.59 x

5. Design of top slab

The top slab is subjected to the following values of B.M. and direct forces: B.M at Centre B.M at End Direct force (N-m) (N-m) (N) 1 5238.47 5098.11 13641.38 (comp.) 2 8984.82 7638.07 18655.23 (comp.) 3 6280.92 4055.66 6297.59 (tensile)

Case

The section is thus to be designed for a B.M. of 81,352 N-m, induced at mid-span. Overall depth (mm) Effective depth (mm) 250 Cover (mm) 200 50

Use M20 concrete, (since tension occurs at the inner face (toward water side) 2 st 150 N/mm for HYSD bars k Mr = Rbd2 0.38 j 4.62E+07 N-mm 0.87 R 1.16

Against a required value of Hence increase the Mr = Ast Rbd2 250 mm

6.28E+06 N-mm d

ok 200

4.62E+07 N-mm
2 239.55 mm 2 314 mm

Using 20 mm bars having A = Spacing 1311 mm

provide 16 mm dia. Bars @ 150 mm c/c. Actual Ast provided

2 2093 mm

150 mm

Bend half the bars up near supports at distance of = Area of distribution steel 2 Ast 643 mm Area on each face 0.26 %
2 321 mm

0.3 m

from edges.

Spacing of 8 mm dia. Bars

156.2 mm

use 12 mm dia. Bars

200 mm

c/c

provide 12 mm dia. Bars @ 200 mm c/c. on each face. Section at supports Max. B.M. st k Ast 5098.11 N-m 2 190 N/mm 0.324 j
2 150 mm

200 mm

for HYSD bars 0.892 R

1.011

Area available from the bars bent up from the middle section These bars will serve the purpose. Provide 12 mm dia. Additional bars @ 200 mm c/c. 6. Design of bottom slab The bottom slab is subjected to the following values of B.M. and direct forces: B.M at Centre B.M at End Direct force (N-m) (N-m) (N) 1 6769.14 6852.59 19153.87 (comp.) 2 10645.26 9262.79 20410.68 (comp.) 3 7936.14 5685.60 -8204.21 (tensile)

2 1047 mm

Case

The section is thus to be designed for a B.M. of 10,616.57 N-m, induced at mid-span. Overall depth (mm) Cover (mm) 50

Use M20 concrete, (since tension occurs at the inner face (toward water side)) 2 st 150 N/mm for HYSD bars k d= D= Provide D = Ast
2 541.32 mm

0.38 j 96 mm 196 mm 200 mm

0.87 R

1.16

d=

150 mm

Spacing of 20 mm bars = @ / = Bend half the bars at the outer face near supports.

580 mm
2 2616 mm

Provide distribution reinforcement of 8 mm dia. Bars @ 130 mm c/c on each face. At the ends, the slab is subjected to a B.M of And direct force of st k
2 190 N/mm 0.324 j

6852.59 N-m 19153.87 N

for HYSD bars 0.892 R

1.011

Ast

2 270 mm

from the middle section =

2 1308 mm

Addition area required =

2 -1038 mm

provide 8 mm dia. Additional Bars @ 200 mm c/c. throughout the slab, at its bottom. 7. Design side walls The top slab is subjected to the following values of B.M. and direct forces: B.M at Centre or intermediate B.M at End Direct force point (N-m) (N-m) (N) 1 31.21 6852.59 37577.20 2 1369.73 9262.79 37577.20 3 28237.74 5685.60 37577.20 6852.59 N-m 37577.20 N

Case

The side walls are thus subjected to a maximum B.M of And direct compression of Eccentricity (e) 182.4 mm 180 mm

Let the thickness of the wall be

Let us reinforce the section with 20 mm di. Bars @300 mm c/c provided on both the faces with a cover of 50 mm. e/D = 1.01 < 1.5

A st

2 104.67 mm

300

20