Explicit knowledge may be defined as the General knowledge

Explicit knowledge may be defined as the General knowledge that has been expressed and in most cases recorded. The recording may be in print form, written form, pictorial form, tabular form, audio form, video form, digital form or any other form. Everyday newspapers, radios, TVs are disseminating explicit knowledge. While teachers are teaching in the class, doctors are prescribing medicines, political leaders are delivering speeches; in all the cases they are using explicit knowledge. Whatever has been recorded in the aforesaid forms is in fact information. If a person can comprehend that information then she becomes knowledgeable about it. It is to be noted that information will become knowledge only when it is comprehended. A large number of seals discovered in Mahenjodaro contain huge amount of information. About current affairs today, information recorded in many of the seals has not been understood; hence we do not have any knowledge embedded in those seals. Like tacit knowledge, explicit knowledge also has a number of characteristics. Some of them are listed below. i) It is expressed and can be recorded in diverse media (paper, tape; computer memory, etc) and stored. ii) It is explained whereby comprehending the matter becomes easy. iii) It can be seen if written, printed or typed; heard if recorded in tapes, CDs, etc. iv) It can be shared. v) It can be translated from one language to the other. vi) Generally, it is available as open source of knowledge Political executives are temporary masters, but bureaucrats are permanent employees of the state. They are recruited for their superior merit, knowledge, professional competence, technical know-how, experience and expertise. Their primary concern is goal realization. It is only after the laws regarding the social, political and economic issues have been made that the bureaucrats come in the picture. And whatever further is required to implement these laws is taken over by the bureaucrats and completed. Whether it is the making of rules and regulations under the system of 'delegated legislation' or issuance of necessary directives and guidelines, the bureaucracy performs its functions rather well. Administrative efficiency through a series of decisionmaking and decision-implementing activities is the handiwork of bureaucracy. If bureaucracy is often criticized for inefficiency in administration, its deficiencies, slowness, conservatism, negativism, delays etc. It has also to be appreciated for all iris achievements in terms of socio-economic development and progress. There is no doubt that the traditional 'legal-rational' concept of bureaucracy has undergone a change. As discussed earlier, the bureaucracy is not just instrumental any more, waiting for orders to execute, unmoved, unconcerned by any changes. It functions with emotional and psychological involvement in executing programmes.