PPS Tripos 2013-14

Part II, Pol 3: Ethics and World Politics

Paper Organiser Professor Andrew Gamble amg59@cam.ac.uk Lecturers Dr Gwilym David Blunt gdb30@cam.ac.uk Dr Stefano Rechhia - sr638@cam.ac.uk Dr Ayse Zarakol - az319@cam.ac.uk

Supervisors Gulya Amanova - ga312@cam.ac.uk Dr Gwilym David Blunt gdb30@cam.ac.uk Amanda Cawston - ac573@cam.ac.uk Dr Mette Eilstrup-Sangiovanni - mer29@cam.ac.uk Moira Faul - mvf24@cam.ac.uk Dr Alastair Fraser - af441@cam.ac.uk Andrew Gamble - amg59@cam.ac.uk Eliza Garnsey - esg35@cam.ac.uk Marta Iniguez De Heredia - M.Iniguez-De-Heredia@lse.ac.uk Vladimir Kmec - vk287@cam.ac.uk Alasia Nuti an408@cam.ac.uk Daniel Peat - dcp31@cam.ac.uk Dr Stefano Rechhia - sr638@cam.ac.uk Dr Sarah Steele - sarah.steele@law.cam.ac.uk Mano Toth - mgt36@cam.ac.uk Jamie Trinidad - jt404@cam.ac.uk Andres Villar-Gertner - av350@cam.ac.uk Matt Windsor - mrw48@cam.ac.uk Dr Ayse Zarakol - az319@cam.ac.uk

Outline of the Course

Aims and Objectives To provide a broad overview of contemporary debates about ethics and world politics To encourage critical reflection on global justice, human rights, and political violence To demonstrate the complexity of linking theoretical arguments with practical examples To offer intellectual resources for thinking about a wide range of topics in contemporary politics Structure of the Paper The paper is divided into two parts. Part I comprises an introductory lecture and three Sections: (1) political boundaries and the scope of justice; (2) human rights; (3) ethics of

political violence. These sections provide an overview of some of the central ethical issues in world politics. In Part II, students select one of three modules: (1) The politics of the World Trade Organization; (2) humanitarian intervention; (3) human rights in practice. (Selection means that supervisions will be given on the particular module note that you are welcome to attend the lectures for all of the modules). These modules examine how some of the theoretical arguments elaborated in Part I apply or fail to apply in a variety of practical political contexts. Brief Description The paper has two main aims. The first is to introduce students to a range of arguments about pressing normative questions in world politics. What does ethics mean in the context of world politics? What is the moral status of political borders? Do the rich states (and citizens) of the Global North have an obligation to distribute wealth to the poor states (and citizens) of the Global South? Is patriotism a virtue or a vice? What is a human right? Are human rights a form of western imperialism? Under what conditions, if any, is war justified? What about terrorism? By the end of the course, students should be to grapple with complex questions of this kind. Many of the topics and arguments covered by the paper have important historical precursors, some of which are explored in depth in the papers covering the History of Political Thought (Pol 1, Pol 2, Pol 6). However, this paper concentrates on current debates and recent scholarly literature, drawing on work from various academic fields including IR, political theory, sociology, and anthropology. The paper expands on some of the topics introduced in the Part I Politics and International Relations papers, and provides students with intellectual resources relevant for thinking about the material covered in other Tripos papers. The second aim is to explore normative issues in a variety of concrete political contexts, showing how the circumstances and dynamics of political life can challenge, or complicate, theoretical arguments about ethics. In particular, it does this through offering students the choice to explore some detailed case studies. Pol 3 concentrates on three interlinked topics. It starts with an introductory discussion of the character of ethical argument in world politics, before addressing three main topics. The first concerns the scope of justice and the moral status of political boundaries, focusing especially on cosmopolitanism, nationalism, and statism, and examining questions about whether the rich (individuals or communities) have a moral duty to redistribute wealth to the poor, and if global democracy is a normatively desirable goal. The second major topic is human rights. Here we will examine different conceptions of human rights as well as exploring a range of criticisms of the idea. The final topic explores the ethics of political violence. This section will focus on the just war tradition and its critics, while paying special attention to humanitarian intervention and the ethics of terrorism. The topics covered in the three sections are inter-related and the lectures will draw out some of the connections. Supervision and Assessment Students taking Pol 3 will have six supervisions over the course of the year. Four of the supervisions will cover questions from Part I of the course. In Part I, students are expected to write one essay on the topics discussed in the opening lecture, and one each

for the three Sections. The remaining two supervisions will cover the module chosen for Part II. Students will be assessed through a written examination in the Easter Term. The examination paper will have 2 Sections. Section A, covering the material from Part I of the course, will have 10 questions. Section B, covering the material from the three modules in Part II, will have 12 Questions (4 for each module). Students must answer three questions in three hours, 2 from Section A and 1 from Section B. A mock exam paper can be found at the end of this document. Lecture List Michaelmas Term 2011 (Dr Gwilym David Blunt) Lecture 1: Ethics and World Politics: Methods and Approaches Section I: Political Boundaries and the Scope of Justice Lecture 2: Theoretical Foundations of Cosmopolitanism Lecture 3: Nationality and Culture Lecture 4: The State and Patriotism Lecture 5: Distributive Justice and Global Poverty Lecture 6: Global Democracy and Citizenship Section II: Human Rights Lecture 7: What are Human Rights? Lecture 8: Human Rights: Political Conceptions Lecture 9: Relativism, Universalism, and Human Rights Lecture 10: Challenging Human Rights Section III: The Ethics of Political Violence Lecture 11: Debating the Ethics of War Lecture 12: The Jus ad Bellum and the Prevention/Pre-emption Distinction Lecture 13: Jus in Bello and Jus Post Bellum Lecture 14: On Humanitarianism and Humanitarian Intervention Lecture 15: The Ethics of Terrorism Lent Term 2012 Module I: Military Intervention (Dr Stefano Recchia) Lecture 1: Why seek multilateral approval? Justice and legitimacy in contemporary uses of force Lecture 2: NATOs Humanitarian War Over Kosovo Lecture 3: The U.S. Invasion of Iraq, 2003: Was it a Just War? Lecture 4: After war - Jus post bellum and international trusteeship (Bosnia, 1995-2013) Module II: Debates about Terrorism (Dr Ayse Zarakol) Lecture 1: Defining terrorism and terrorists: Conceptual, legal and ethical issues Lecture 2: Evaluating motivations for terrorism: Revolutionaries, Guerrillas, Freedomfighters, Psychopaths?

Lecture 3: Evaluating terrorism by its methods and strategies Lecture 4: - Counterterrorism: ethical issues Module II: Human Rights and Global Poverty (Dr David Blunt) Lecture 1: Human rights institutions and politics Lecture 2: The Millennium Development Goals and Human Rights Lecture 3: Migration and Human Rights Lecture 4: Climate Change and Human Rights Reading Material & Sample Questions The reading list for Part I is divided into 15 topics which track the course of the lectures. Texts are divided into three categories: general, core, and supplementary. Each of the Sections starts with a short list of General readings, which are important for addressing the Section as a whole. Under each of the topic headings you will find lists of Core and Supplementary readings. The general and core readings are important for preparing supervision essays. By exam time, you should have read all of the General texts as well as the core texts for the topics you are revising. The Supplementary reading lists are provided for those who want to dig deeper into particular subject areas. Note that many of the readings are relevant for more than one Section. Readings for Part II are listed under the module descriptions towards the end of this document. Many of the texts can be found in the PPSIS Library or are accessible through the University Library electronic resources portal. However, those that are not can be downloaded from CamTools. These texts are identified with a [C] in the following pages. The main background reading is Duncan Bell (ed.), Ethics and World Politics (Oxford UP, 2010). It covers most of the themes in the course, but is best used as an introductory overview for each topic. A list of sample questions can be found under each topic heading. Further sample questions can be found at the end of each chapter in Bell (ed.), Ethics and World Politics. Discussion of ethics and world politics is at the forefront of current academic (as well as public) debates in a variety of fields and relevant new material is being published all the time. Those wanting to follow the evolving literature, from a variety of different perspectives, should check the following academic journals, all of which are available on-line: Constellations: A Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory; European Journal of Social Theory; Global Constitutionalism; Journal of International Political Theory; International Theory; Ethics; Ethics & International Affairs; Humanity; Human Rights Quarterly; Philosophy & Public Affairs; Journal of Political Philosophy; Political Theory; and the Review of International Studies. The following websites are valuable: http://plato.stanford.edu An excellent on-line encyclopaedia of philosophy, covering both key thinkers and important topics. http://www.e-ir.info/ A wide-ranging website aimed principally at IR students, containing news, essays, podcasts, and commentary on international politics

http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199548620/ The On-line Resource Centre page for Bell (ed.), Ethics and World Politics includes a list of further case studies for chapters in Part III of the book, as well as interactive flashcards to helps students learn key concepts http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html The text of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights http://www.undp.org/ The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) site contains information about global inequality and poverty, including the annual Human Development Reports http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/ The UN Millennium Development Goals http://www.justwartheory.com/ An excellent collection of resources dedicated to the ethics of war

Ethics and World Politics: Methods and Approaches

Sample Questions: - Is utopophobia a justifiable fear? - Does realism have a status quo bias and, if so, is this a problem? - Does realistic utopianism give us the worst of both worlds? Core Reading - Duncan Bell (ed.), Ethics and World Politics (Oxford UP, 2010) Introduction & chs.1-5 - C. A. J. Coady, Messy Morality: The Challenge of Politics (Oxford UP, 2008) - David Estlund, Democratic Authority: A Philosophical Framework (Princeton UP, 2008), pp. 263-75 [on utopophobia] [C] - Raymond Geuss, Philosophy and Real Politics (Princeton UP, 2008), pp. 1-55 [C] - Andrew Hurrell, Order and Justice in International Relations: Whats at Stake? in Rosemary Foot, John Lewis Gaddis & Andrew Hurrell (eds.), Order and Justice in International Relations (Oxford UP, 2003) [C] - Onora ONeill, Bounds of Justice (Cambridge UP, 2000) ch.4 and ch. 8 - Judith Shklar, The Liberalism of Fear in Shklar, Political Thought and Political Thinkers, ed. Stanley Hoffmann (Chicago UP, 1988)[C] - Adam Swift and Stuart White, Political Theory, Social Science, and Real Politics in David Leopold & Marc Stears (eds.), Political Theory: Methods and Approaches (Oxford UP, 2008) [C] - Thucydides, The War between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians, (Cambridge UP, 2013) [Ch.17: the Melian Dialogue, but the rest is good too. Also available online usually as The Peloponnesian War] - John Rawls, The Law of Peoples (Harvard UP, 1999), introduction - Lea Ypi, On the Confusion between Ideal and Non-Ideal Theory in Global Justice Political Studies, 58/3 (2010): 536-555 Supplementary Reading - Jonathan Allen, The Place of Negative Morality in Political Theory, Political Theory, 29/3 (2001) - Duncan Bell (ed.), Ethics and World Politics, chs. 9,11,12 - Joshua Busby, Moral Movements and Foreign Policy (Cambridge UP, 2010) - David Campbell and Michael J. Shapiro (eds.), Moral Spaces: Rethinking Ethics and World Politics (Minnesota UP, 1999) [explores post-structural arguments about global ethics] - C.A.J. Coady (ed.), Whats Wrong with Moralism? (Blackwell, 1996) - William A. Galston, Realism in Political Theory, European Journal of Political Theory, 9 (2010) - Raymond Geuss, Outside Ethics in his Outside Ethics (Princeton UP, 2005) - Stanley Hoffmann, Duties beyond Borders: On the Limits and Possibilities of Ethical International Politics (Heath, 1981) - Andrew Hurrell, On Global Order: Power, Values, and the Constitution of International Society (Oxford UP, 2007) [A wide-ranging text in the English School tradition] - Margaret Kohn & Keally McBride, Political Theories of Decolonization: Postcolonialism and the Problem of Foundations (Oxford UP, 2011) [Non-western theory, includes discussion of Fanon and Gandhi]

- Will Kymlicka and William Sullivan (eds.), The Globalization of Ethics: Religious and Secular Perspectives (Cambridge UP, 2007) [A useful account of contending approaches, especially religious ones] - James Laidlaw, For an Anthropology of Ethics and Freedom, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 8 (2002) [Calls for an anthropology of ethics] - Richard Ned Lebow, The Tragic Vision of Politics: Ethics, Interests and Orders (Cambridge UP, 2003) - Mark Philp, Political Conduct (Harvard UP, 2007) [A realist account of political thought & action] - Richard M. Price (ed.), Moral Limit and Possibility in World Politics (Cambridge UP, 2008) [on IR constructivism and ethics] - Christian Reus-Smit and Duncan Snidal (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of International Relations (Oxford UP, 2008) [An excellent overview of IR theory and its ethical dimensions] - Michael C. Williams, The Realist Tradition and the Limits of International Relations (Cambridge UP, 2005) [re-reading realism as a form of critical political theory] - Laura Valentini, On the Apparent Paradox of Ideal Theory, Journal of Political Philosophy, 17/3 (2008) - Bernard Williams, Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (Routledge, 2006 [1985]) [A sceptical classic] - Bernard Williams, Realism and Moralism in Political Theory in Williams, In the Beginning was the Deed: Realism and Moralism in Political Argument, ed. Geoffrey Hawthorn (Princeton UP, 2007)

Section I: Political Boundaries and the Scope of Justice

The lectures in this section discuss the theoretical bases for conflicting normative arguments about world politics. Lecture 1 discusses cosmopolitanism. Lectures 2 and 3 introduce prominent alternatives to cosmopolitanism, focusing on the ethical status of states, nations, and culture. Lectures 1-3 in combination provide the main theoretical arguments for thinking about the topics covered in the following two lectures global poverty (Lecture 4) and democracy in the international system (Lecture 5). General Readings for Section I: - Gerald Delanty, The Cosmopolitan Imagination: The Renewal of Critical Social Theory (Cambridge UP, 2009) - Nancy Fraser, Scales of Justice: Reimagining Political Space in a Globalizing World (Columbia UP, 2008) - John Rawls, The Law of Peoples (Harvard UP, 1999) - Thomas Pogge, World Poverty and Human Rights, 2nd ed. (Polity, 2008) - Laura Valentini, Justice in a Globalized World (Oxford UP, 2011) Pogges volume is one of the pioneering texts in the recent upsurge of interest in cosmopolitanism, and among other things it proposes a Global Resources Dividend to address global poverty. In contrast, Rawls presents a non-cosmopolitan theory focusing on the idea of a people. Fraser and Delanty, meanwhile, draw (albeit in rather different ways) on the legacy of Critical Theory, in order to present distinctive cosmopolitan accounts. Valentini provides an excellent example of an attempt to reconcile cosmopolitanism with statism and find a third way in this debate.

Theoretical Foundations of Cosmopolitanism

Sample Questions - Is cosmopolitanism a normatively desirable position in the contemporary world? - Is cosmopolitanism the ideological superstructure of global capitalism? - What is the relationship between empirical and normative accounts of cosmopolitanism? Core Reading - Ulrich Beck and Edgar Grande, Varieties of Second Modernity: The Cosmopolitan Turn in Social and Political Theory and Research, British Journal of Sociology, 61/3 (2010): 409-43 - Craig Calhoun, The Class Consciousness of Frequent Travelers: Towards a Critique of Actually Existing Cosmopolitanism, South Atlantic Quarterly, 101/4 (2002) - Simon Caney, Cosmopolitanism in Duncan Bell (ed.), Ethics and World Politics - Simon Caney, Justice Beyond Borders: A Global Political Theory (Oxford UP, 2005), esp. chs. 1-4 - William Connolly, Speed, Concentric Cultures, and Cosmopolitanism, Political Theory, 28/5 (2000): 596-618 - Fraser, Scales of Justice, chs. 1-4 - Delanty, The Cosmopolitan Imagination, esp. chs. 1-2 - Pratap Bhanu Mehta, Cosmopolitanism and the Circle of Reason, Political Theory, 28/5 (2000): 619-39 - Pogge, World Poverty and Human Rights, esp. chs. 1, 7 - Martha Nussbaum, Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism in For Love of Country: Debating the Limits of Patriotism, ed. J. Cohen (Beacon, 1996) [C] Supplementary Reading On Empirical Cosmopolitanism: - Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization (Minnesota UP, 1996) - Ulrich Beck & Natan Sznaider (eds.), British Journal of Sociology, Cosmopolitan Sociology (2006) - Ulrich Beck, The Cosmopolitan Vision (Polity, 2006) - Gerard Delanty (ed.), Handbook of Cosmopolitan Studies (Routledge, 2012) [a wide ranging collection of essays] - Robert J. Holton, Cosmopolitanisms: New Thinking and New Directions (Palgrave, 2009) 7 - Hiro Saito, An Actor-Network Theory of Cosmopolitanism, Sociological Theory, 29 (2011) - Manfred Steger, The Rise of the Global Imaginary: Political Ideologies from the French Revolution to the Global War on Terror (Oxford UP, 2008), esp. the discussion of Justice Globalism (ch. 5) - Prina Werbner, Anthropology and the New Cosmopolitanism (Berg, 2009) On Ethical Accounts of Cosmopolitanism: - Kwame Appiah, Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers (Norton, 2006) [defending cultural contamination and a thin form of liberal cosmopolitanism]

- Brian Barry, Statism and Nationalism: A Cosmopolitan Critique in Ian Shapiro and Leo Brilmayer (eds.), Global Justice (NYU Press, 1999) - Jens Bartelson, Visions of World Community (Cambridge UP, 2009) [A powerful historical account] - Charles Beitz, Political Theory and International Relations, 2nd ed. (Princeton UP, 1999) [A classic] - Seyla Benhabib, The Rights of Others: Aliens, Residents and Citizens (Cambridge UP, 2004) - Seyla Benhabib, The Philosophical Foundations of Cosmopolitan Norms in Benhabib, Another Cosmopolitanism: Hospitality, Sovereignty, and Democratic Iterations (Oxford UP, 2006) - Gillian Brock, Global Justice: A Cosmopolitan Account (Oxford UP, 2009), esp. chs. 14 - G. Brock and H. Brighouse (eds.), The Political Philosophy of Cosmopolitanism (Cambridge UP, 2005) - Allen Buchanan, Justice, Legitimacy and Self-Determination: Moral Foundations for International Law (Oxford UP, 2004), esp. ch. 1-4 - Pheng Cheah and Bruce Robbins (eds.), Cosmopolitics: Thinking and Feeling beyond the Nation (Minnesota UP, 1998) [non-liberal, post-colonial cosmopolitanisms] - Jacques Derrida, On Cosmopolitanism and Forgiveness (Routledge, 2001) [a postmodern cosmopolitics] - Toni Erskine, Embedded Cosmopolitanism: Duties to Strangers and Enemies in a World of Dislocated Communities (Oxford UP, 2008) [addresses the communitarian challenge] - Farah Godrej, Cosmopolitan Political Thought: Method, Practice, Discipline (Oxford, 2011) [on non-western iterations of cosmopolitanism] - Jrgen Habermas, Kants Idea of Perpetual Peace, with the Benefit of Two Hundred Years Hindsight in James Bohman and Matthias Lutz-Bachmann (eds.), Perpetual Peace: Essays on Kants Cosmopolitan Ideal (MIT Press, 1997) [C] - David Harvey, Cosmopolitanism and the Geographies of Freedom (Columbia UP, 2009) [a powerful Marxist critique of mainstream cosmopolitan arguments] - David Held, Cosmopolitanism: Ideals and Realities (Polity, 2011) [A good, basic introduction] - Charles Jones, Global Justice: Defending Cosmopolitanism (Oxford UP, 1999) - Chantal Mouffe, On the Political (Routledge, 2005), ch. 5 [A neo-Schmittian critique] - Martha Nussbaum, Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership (Harvard UP, 2007) - Cara Nine, Global Justice and Territory (Oxford UP, 2012) - Onora ONeill, Bounds of Justice (Cambridge UP, 2000) [An influential neo-Kantian approach] - Sheldon Pollock, Homi Bhaba, Carol Breckenridge, & Dipesh Chakrabarty (eds.) Cosmopolitanism (Duke UP, 2002) [Non-liberal cosmopolitanisms] - Samuel Scheffler, Boundaries and Allegiances: Problems of Justice and Responsibility in Liberal Thought (Oxford UP, 2001), esp. chs. 2,3,4 & 7 [important essays on liberal theories of justice] - Steven Vertovec and Robin Cohen (eds.), Conceiving Cosmopolitanism: Theory, Context, and Practice (Oxford UP, 2002) [A useful interdisciplinary collection of essays] - Richard Vernon, Cosmopolitan Regard: Political Membership and Global Justice (Cambridge UP, 2010)

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- Jeremy Waldron, Minority Cultures and the Cosmopolitan Alternative, University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, 25 (1992) [an influential and fierce critique of culturalist arguments] - Jeremy Waldron, What is Cosmopolitan? Journal of Political Philosophy, 8 (2000) - Lea Ypi, Statist Cosmopolitanism, Journal of Political Philosophy, 16/1 (2001) - Lea Ypi, Global Justice and Avant-Garde Political Agency (Oxford UP, 2011)

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Nationality and Culture

Sample Questions Do co-nationals owe each other special duties of justice? Why? What, if anything, is ethically significant about shared nationality? Does national self-determination necessarily require independence? How are nations distinct from other forms of human association? i.e. families, religious communities, universities, etc. Core Reading - Arash Abizadeh, Historical Truth, National Myths and Liberal Democracy: On the Coherence of Liberal Nationalism, Journal of Political Philosophy, 12/3 (2004):291-313 - Isaiah Berlin, Nationalism: Past Neglect and Present Power in Berlin, Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas, ed. Henry Hardy (Viking Press, 1980) [C] - Craig Calhoun, Nationalism Matters in Calhoun, Nations Matter: Culture, History, and the Cosmopolitan Dream (Routledge, 2007) [C] - Avishai Margalit and Joseph Raz, National Self-Determination, Journal of Philosophy, 87/9 (1990):439-61 - David Miller, National Responsibility and Global Justice (Oxford UP, 2007) - Margaret Moore, Defending Community: Nationalism, Patriotism, and Culture in Bell (ed.), Ethics and World Politics - Roger Scruton, In Defence of the Nation in Scruton, The Philosopher on Dover Beach (Continuum, 2009) [C] - Michael Walzer, Thick and Thin: Moral Argument at Home and Abroad (Notre Dame UP, 1994) Supplementary Reading - Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and spread of Nationalism (Verso, 1985) - Duncan Bell, Agonistic Democracy and the Politics of Memory, Constellations, 15 (2008) - Seyla Benhabib, Ian Shapiro, Danilo Petranovich (eds.), Identities, Affiliations, and Allegiances (Cambridge UP, 2007), esp. chs. 3,6,7,10,11 - Michael Billig, Banal Nationalism (Sage, 1995) - Allan Buchanan and Margaret Moore (eds.), States, Nations, and Borders: The Ethics of Making Boundaries (Cambridge UP, 2003) [Covers a variety of philosophical and religious perspectives - Margaret Canovan, Nationhood and Political Theory (Edward Elgar, 1996) - Joan Cocks, Passion and Paradox: Intellectuals Confront the National Question (Princeton UP, 2002) - Thomas Hurka, The Justification of National Partiality in The Morality o f Nationalism (Oxford UP, 1997) - Chaim Gans, The Limits of Nationalism (Cambridge UP, 2003) - Michael Ignatieff, Blood and Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism (Farrar, 1995) - Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights (Oxford UP, 1995) [a very influential defence of liberal multiculturalism] - Andrew Mason, Community, Solidarity and Belonging: Levels of Community and their Normative Significance (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2000) [dissects arguments about different types of community]

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- Patchen Markell, Bound by Recognition (Princeton UP, 2003) [a penetrating critique of recognition] - Avishai Margalit, The Ethics of Memory (Harvard UP, 2002) [on the ethical significance of the past] - R. McKim and J. McMahan (eds.), The Morality of Nationalism (Oxford UP, 2007) - D. Miller, Crooked Timber or Bent Twig: Isaiah Berlins Nationalism, Political Studies, 53 (2005) - David Miller, On Nationality (Oxford UP, 1995) - Margaret Moore, The Ethics of Nationalism (Oxford UP, 2001) - Rahul Rao, Third World Protest: Between Home and the World (Oxford UP, 2010), esp. chs. 1-4 - Yael Tamir, Liberal Nationalism (Princeton UP, 1993) [an influential defence of the nation] - Charles Taylor, The Politics of Recognition in his Philosophical Arguments (Harvard UP, 2007) [C] - James Tully, Strange Multiplicity: Constitutionalism in an Age of Diversity (Cambridge UP, 1995) - Michael Walzer, Nation and Universe in Walzer, Thinking Politically: Essays in Political Theory, ed. David Miller (Yale UP, 2007) - Bernard Yack, The Myth of the Civic Nation, Critical Review, 19 (1996)

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The State and Patriotism

Sample Questions What, if anything, is special about state coercion? Is patriotism a threat to liberal-democratic values or necessary for their realization? Does the third way successfully reconcile statism and cosmopolitanism? Core Reading - Margaret Canovan, Patriotism is Not Enough, British Journal of Political Science, 30/3 (2000): 413-32 - Bell (ed.), Ethics and World Politics, chs. 6 & 20 - Jrgen Habermas, Citizenship and National Identity in Habermas, Between Facts and Norms : Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy (Polity, 1997) [C] - George Kateb, Is Patriotism a Mistake? Social Research, 67/4 (2000): 901-24 [C] - Ccile Laborde, From Constitutional to Civic Patriotism, British Journal of Political Science, 32/4 (2002): 591-612 - Alasdair MacIntyre, Is Patriotism a Virtue? in Ronald Beiner (ed.), Theorizing Citizenship (SUNY Press, 1995) [C] - Jan-Werner Mller, Constitutional Patriotism (Princeton UP, 2007) - Thomas Nagel, The Problem of Global Justice, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 33/2 (2005): 113-147 - Philip Pettit, A Republican Law of Peoples, European Journal of Political Theory, 9/1 (2010): 70-94 - Rawls, The Law of Peoples - Laura Valentini, Justice in a Globalized World: A Normative Framework (Oxford UP, 2011) ch.4 & 5 Supplementary Reading - Allen Buchanan, Rawlss Law of Peoples: Rules for a Vanished Westphalian World, Ethics, 110/4 (2000) [a cosmopolitan critique of Rawls] - Michael Blake, Distributive Justice, State Coercion and Autonomy, Philosophy & Public Affairs 30/3 (2001) [an argument about the normative significance of the state, focusing on coercion] - Simon Caney, Distributive Justice and the State, Political Studies, 57 (2008) - Samuel Freeman, Rawls (Routledge, 2007), esp. ch. 10 [The best general introduction to Rawls] - Mervyn Frost, Ethics in International Relations: A Constitutive Theory (Cambridge UP, 1996) - Robert Goodin, What is so Special about our Fellow Countrymen? Ethics, 98 (1988) - Jrgen Habermas, The European Nation-State: On the Past and Future of Sovereignty and Citizenship in Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other: Studies in Political Theory (Polity, 1996) - Robert Jackson, The Global Covenant: Human Conduct in a World of States (Oxford UP, 2000) - Simon Keller, The Limits of Loyalty (Cambridge UP, 2007) [Philosophical analysis of loyalties] - Patchen Markell, Making Affect Safe for Democracy: On Constitutional Patriotism, Political Theory, 28 (2000)

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- Saladin Meckled-Garcia, On the Very Idea of Cosmopolitan Justice, Journal of Political Philosophy, 16/3 (2008) (a critique of cosmopolitanism derived from the absence of a institutions capable of constituting/ realizing principles of justice.) - Rex Martin and David Reify (eds.), Rawlss Law of Peoples: A Realistic Utopia? (Blackwell, 2006) - Richard Miller, Moral Closeness and World Community in The Ethics of Assistance: Morality and the Distant Needy (Cambridge UP, 2004) - Richard Miller, Globalizing Justice: The Ethics of Poverty and Power (Oxford UP, 2010) -Darrel Moellendorf, Constructing the Law of Peoples Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 77:2 (1996) See responses to Nagel by A. J. Julius (Nagels Atlas) and Joshua Cohen & Charles Sabel (Extra Rempublicam, Nulla Justicia) in Philosophy & Public Affairs, 34/2 (2006)] - Terry Nardin, Law, Morality, and the Relations of States (Princeton UP, 1983) [A classic discussion] - Philip Pettit, Rawlss Political Ontology, Politics, Philosophy, & Economics, 4 (2005) - Andrea Sangiovanni, Global Justice, Reciprocity, and the State, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 35/1 (2007) [Another statist argument, focusing on the issue of reciprocity] - Hent Kalmo & Quentin Skinner (eds.), Sovereignty in Fragments: The Past, Present and Future of a Contested Concept (Cambridge UP, 2010), esp. ch. 1,4,5,8,12 - Stephen Macedo, Just Patriotism? Philosophy & Social Criticism, 37 (2011) - Kok-Chor Tan, Justice Without Borders: Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism, and Patriotism (CUP, 2004) - Maurizio Viroli, For Love of Country: An Essay on Patriotism and Nationalism (Oxford UP, 1995) - Thomas Weiss, What Happened to the Idea of World Government? International Studies Quarterly, 53 (2009) [Questioning why earlier debates about a world state have been forgotten] - Alexander Wendt, Why a World State is Inevitable, European Journal of International Relations, 9 (2003) [An intriguing argument, from a leading IR scholar, about the direction of world politics]

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Distributive Justice and Global Poverty

Sample Questions - What are the strengths and weaknesses of Pogges argument about negative duties? - Are social connections and/or social cooperation relevant to duties of distributive justice? - Are post-colonial concerns about global distributive justice valid? Core Reading - Gillian Brock, Taxation and Global Justice: Closing the Gap Between Theory and Practice, Journal of Social Philosophy, 39/2 (2008) : 161-184 - Garret Hardin, Lifeboat Ethics: the Case Against Helping the Poor, Psychology Today, 8 (1974): 38-43 [C] www.garretthardinsociety.org/articles/art_lifeboat_ethics_case_against_helping_poor.ht ml - (See also this satire: Harrett Gardin [Michael Patton], Game Preserve Ethics: The Case for Hunting the Poor, Southwest Philosophy Review (2005): 103-110 [C]) - Alison Jaggar, Saving Amina: Global Justice for Women and Intercultural Dialogue, Ethics & International Affairs, 19/3 (2005): 55-76 - Chandran Kukuthas, The Mirage of Global Justice, Social Philosophy & Policy, 23 (2006): 1-28 - Kok-Chor Tan, Poverty and Global Distributive Justice in Bell (ed.), Ethics and World Politics - Pogge, World Poverty and Human Rights, esp. chs. 4,8,9 - Andrew Robinson and Simon Tormey, Resisting Global Justice: Disrupting the Colonial Emancipatory Logic of the West, Third World Quarterly, (2009): 1395-1409 [C] - Henry Shue, Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence, and U.S. Foreign Policy, 2nd ed. (Princeton UP, 1996) - Iris Marion Young, Responsibility and Global Justice: A Social Connection Model, Social Philosophy & Policy, 23 (2006): 102-30 - Peter Singer, One World: The Ethics of Globalization, 2nd ed. (Yale UP, 2004) - Laura Valentini, Justice in a Globalized World: A Normative Framework (Oxford UP, 2011) ch.8 (also ch. 6-7)

Supplementary Reading - Andrew Altman and Christopher Heath Wellman, A Liberal Theory of International Justice (Oxford UP, 2009), esp. ch. 6 [A libertarian account, sceptical of global redistribution] - Christian Barry and Thomas Pogge (eds.), Global Institutions and Responsibilities: Achieving Global Justice (Blackwell, 2006), esp. chs. 2,4,6,8, 13 - Charles Beitz (ed.), Global Basic Rights (Oxford UP, 2009) [Dedicated to Shues work] - Daniel Butt, Rectifying Historical Injustice (Oxford UP, 2008) - Simon Caney, Global Justice: From Theory to Practice, Globalizations, 3/2 (2006) - Stephen M. Gardiner, The Real Tragedy of the Commons Philosophy and Public Affairs 30/4 (2001) (Another, more sympathetic rejoinder to Hardin) - David Held and Aysa Kaye (eds.), Global Poverty: Patterns and Explanations (Polity, 2007)

16

- Alison M. Jaggar (ed.), Thomas Pogge and His Critics (Polity, 2010), esp. the chapter by J. Cohen - Thomas McCarthy, Race, Empire, and the Idea of Human Development (Cambridge UP, 2009), esp. chs. 1,6,7 - Martha Nussbaum, Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach (Cambridge UP, 2000) - Martha Nussbaum, Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach (Harvard UP, 2011) [A useful introduction to the influential capabilities position] - Thomas Pogge (ed.), Freedom from Poverty as a Human Right: Who Owes What to the Poor? (Oxford UP, 2007) [An excellent volume] - Thomas Pogge, Politics as Usual: What Lies behind the Pro-Poor Rhetoric (Polity, 2010) - Mathias Risse, On Global Justice (Princeton UP, 2012) - Amartya Sen, Development as Freedom (Oxford UP, 2001) [An influential volume] - Peter Singer, Famine, Affluence and Morality, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 1 (1972) [Classic essay] - Peter Unger, Living High and Letting Die, (Oxford UP, 1996) ch. 1 & ch. 3 (companion to Singer) - Thomas Weiss, What Happened to the Idea of World Government? International Studies Quarterly, 53 (2009) - Leif Wenar, Property Rights and the Resource Curse, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 36 (2008) [Explores the normative implications of the resource curse] - Lea Ypi, Christian Barry, and Robert Goodin, Associative Duties, Global Justice, and the Colonies, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 37/2 (2009)

17

Global Democracy and Citizenship

Sample Questions - What differentiates cosmopolitan democracy from projects to create a world state? - Is it possible or desirable to democratise international institutions? - Is the concept of citizenship intelligible outside the context of the state? Core Reading - Daniele Archibugi, The Global Commonwealth of Citizens: Towards Cosmopolitan Democracy (Princeton UP, 2008) OR ALTERNATIVELY David Held, Global Covenant: The Social Democratic Alternative to the Washington Consensus (Polity, 2004) - Seyla Benhabib, Citizens, Residents, and Aliens in a Changing World: Political Membership in the Global Era, Social Research, 66 (1999): 709-44 [C] - James Bohman, Democracy and World Politics in Bell (ed.), Ethics and World Politics - Caney, Justice Beyond Borders, ch. 5 - Robert Dahl, Can International Organizations be Democratic? A Skeptics View in Ian Shapiro & Casiano Hacker-Cordon (eds.), Democracys Edges (Cambridge UP, 1999) [C] - Delanty, The Cosmopolitan Imagination, chs. 4,8 - John Dryzek, Transnational Democracy in an Insecure World, International Political Science Review, 27 (2006): 101-20 - Fraser, Scales of Justice, esp. chs. 5 & 6 - Pogge, World Poverty and Human Rights, ch. 6 - William Scheuerman, The Realist Case for Global Reform (Polity, 2010) - Iris Marion Young, Inclusion and Democracy (Oxford UP, 2000), ch. 7 [C] Supplementary Reading - Daniele Archibugi, David Held, & Martin Kohler (eds), Re-Imagining Political Community: Studies in Cosmopolitan Democracy (Polity, 1998) - Daniele Archibugi, Matthias Koenig-Archibugi, and Raffaele Marchetti (eds.), Global Democracy: Normative and Empirical Perspectives (Cambridge UP, 2011) [An excellent new collection of essays] - James Bohman, Democracy Across Borders: From Demos to Demoi (MIT Press, 2007) - Luis Cabrera, The Practice of Global Citizenship (Oxford UP, 2011) - Marc Doucet, Global Justice and Democracy: The Anti-Globalisation Movement (Routledge, 2010) - John Dryzek, Deliberative Global Politics: Discourse and Democracy in a Divided World (Polity, 2006) - Carol Gould, Globalizing Democracy and Human Rights (Cambridge UP, 2004) - Robert Goodin, Global Democracy: In the Beginning, International Theory, 2/2 (2010) - Nicolas Guilhot, The Democracy Makers: Human Rights and the Politics of Global Order (Columbia University Press, 2005) [A critical account of Western democracypromotion] - David Held, Democracy and the Global Order: From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan Governance (Polity, 1995) [One of the first arguments for CD] - Bonnie Honig, Between Decision and Deliberation: Political Paradox in Democratic Theory, American Political Science Review, 101/1 (2007) [post-structural critique of deliberative democracy]

18

- Matthias Koenig-Archibugi, Is Global Democracy Possible? European Journal of International Relations, 16 (2011) - Andrew Kuper, Democracy Beyond Borders: Justice and Representation in Global Institutions (OUP, 2005) - Andrew Linklater, The Transformation of Political Community: Ethical Foundations of the Post-Westphalian Era (Polity, 1998) [A broadly Habermasian work by a leading IR Critical Theorist] - Ian Shapiro, The State of Democratic Theory (Princeton UP, 2003) [Overview of democratic theory] - Jan Aart Scholte (ed.), Building Global Democracy? Civil Society and Accountable Global Governance (Cambridge UP, 2011) - Torbjorn Tannsjo, Global Democracy: The Case for a World Government (Edinburgh UP, 2008) - Danilo Zolo, Cosmopolis: Prospects for World Government (Polity, 1997) [A neoSchmittian critique]

19

Section II: Human Rights

The lectures in this section introduce and assess the idea of human rights. The sequence opens with a general introduction to the notion of a human right (Lecture 7). Lecture 8 focuses on recent attempts to develop a political conception of rights in order to address concerns about the philosophical foundations of the idea. Lecture 9 examines further attempts to overcome the problem of foundations, concentrating in particular on the notion of human rights as practices. Lecture 10, meanwhile, introduces some feminist, Marxist and post-colonial criticisms of liberal conceptions of human rights. General Readings for Section II - Charles Beitz, The Idea of Human Rights (Oxford UP, 2009) - Jack Donnelly, Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. (Cornell UP, 2003) OR ALTERNATIVELY James Nickel, Making Sense of Human Rights, 2nd ed. (Blackwell, 2006) - Fuyuki Kurasawa, The Work of Global Justice: Human Rights as Practices (Cambridge UP, 2007) Universal Declaration of Human Rights available at http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/ Donnelly and Nickel can both serve as lucid introductory overviews of the idea of human rights, though both also defend their own distinct views on the subject. Beitz develops a sophisticated political conception of human rights. Kurasawa presents a different perspective, mixing sociology and political thought to move away from abstract conceptions of rights in order to focus on how social actors utilise rights claims to seek emancipation.

20

What are Human Rights?

Sample Questions - What are human rights? - What distinguishes human rights from other kinds of rights? - Does the recent history of the human rights movement tell us anything important about the concept of human rights? Core Reading - Duncan Ivison, Human Rights in Bell (ed.), Ethics and World Politics - Donnelly, Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice, chs. 1-3 - Marie-Bndicte Dembour, What Are Human Rights? Four Schools of Thought, Human Rights Quarterly, 32/1 (2010): 1-20 - Samuel Moyn, The Last Utopia: Human Rights in History (Harvard UP, 2010) - Nickel, Making Sense of Human Rights, chs. 1-5 Supplementary Reading Histories of (Human) Rights: - Robin Blackburn, Reclaiming Human Rights, New Left Review (May-June 2011) [an extended critical review of Moyn] - Annabel Brett, Liberty, Right, and Nature: Individual Rights in Later Scholastic Thought (Cambridge UP, 2003) - Roland Burke, Decolonization and the Evolution of International Human Rights (Pennsylvania UP, 2010) - Mary Ann Gledon, A World Made New: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Random House, 2001) - Lynn Hunt, Inventing Human Rights: A History (Norton, 2007) - Johannes Morsink, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Origins, Drafting, and Intent (1999) - Richard Tuck, Theories of Natural Rights: Their Origin and Development (Cambridge UP, 1981) - Jay Winter, Dreams of Peace and Freedom: Utopian Moments in the Twentieth Century (Yale, 2007), ch. 4 Theoretical and Empirical Accounts of Human Rights - Allen Buchanan, Human Rights, Legitimacy, and the Use of Force (Oxford UP, 2010), esp. Part I - Sabine C. Carey, Mark Gibney & Steven C. Poe, The Politics of Human Rights: The Quest for Dignity (Cambridge UP, 2010) [an introduction, focusing on empirical issues] - Thomas Christiano, An Instrumental Argument for a Human Right to Democracy, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 39 (2011) - Joshua Cohen, Is there a Human Right to Democracy? in Christine Sypnowich (ed.), The Egalitarian Conscience: Essays in Honour of G. A. Cohen (Oxford UP, 2006) - Tim Dunne and Nicholas J. Wheeler (eds.), Human Rights and Global Politics (Cambridge UP, 1999), esp. chs. 2 & 3 [A useful collection mixing IR and political theory] - Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously (Harvard UP, 1978) [A major theorist of rights]

21

- William Edmundson, An Introduction to Rights (Cambridge UP, 2004) [A good philosophical introduction] - David P. Forsythe, Human Rights in International Relations, 2nd ed. (Cambridge UP, 2006) [A useful textbook for IR students] - Pablo Gilabert, Humanist and Political Perspectives on Human Rights, Political Theory (2011) - Michael Goodhart (ed.), Human Rights: Theory and Practice (Oxford UP, 2009), esp. chs. 1-4, 7 [An excellent interdisciplinary textbook] - James Griffin, First Steps in an Account of Human Rights, European Journal of Philosophy, 9 (2001) - James Griffin, On Human Rights (Oxford UP, 2009) [An important, complex philosophical exploration; see also the symposium on Griffin in Ethics (July 2010)] - H.L.A. Hart, Are There Any Natural Rights? Philosophical Review, 64 (1955) [seminal article] - Susan James, Rights as Enforceable Claims in Andrew Kuper (ed.), Global Responsibilities: Who Must Deliver on Human Rights? (Routledge, 2005) - George Kateb, Human Dignity (Harvard UP, 2011) - Duncan Ivison, Rights (McGill-Queens UP, 2007) [A good short introduction] - Julie Mertus, Bait and Switch: Human Rights and U.S. Foreign Policy (Routledge, 2004) [a useful account of how human rights are deployed in foreign policy] - Johannes Morsink, Inherent Human Rights: Philosophical Roots of the Universal Declaration (2009) - James Nickel, Poverty and Rights, Philosophical Quarterly, 5 (2005) - James Nickel, Rethinking Indivisibility: Towards a Theory of Supporting Relations between Human Rights, Human Rights Quarterly, 30 (2008) - Michael J. Perry, The Idea of Human Rights: Four Enquiries (Oxford UP, 1998) - Joseph Raz, The Morality of Freedom (Oxford UP, 1986) [a leading theorist of rights] - Joseph Raz, Human Rights without Foundations in Samantha Besson and John Tasioulas (eds.), The Philosophy of International Law (Oxford UP, 2010) - Mathias Risse, Common Ownership of the Earth as a Non-Parochial Standpoint: A Contingent Derivation of Human Rights, European Journal of Philosophy, 17/2 (2009) - Amartya Sen, Elements of a Theory of Human Rights, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 32/4 (2004) - Jeremy Waldron, Liberal Rights: Collected Papers, 1981-1991 (Cambridge UP, 1993) [important essays by a leading theorist] - Jeremy Waldron (ed.), Theories of Rights (Oxford UP, 1984) [A selection of classic essays on rights] - Jeremy Waldron, The Role of Rights in Practical Reasoning: Rights versus Needs, The Journal of Ethics 4 (2000) - Leif Wenar, The Nature of Rights, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 33 (2005

22

Human Rights: Political Conceptions

Sample Questions - What does Hannah Arendt mean by the right to have rights? - Do human rights need secure philosophical foundations? - Should we insist on a minimal conception of human rights? Core Reading - Hannah Arendt, The Decline of the Nation-State and the end of the Rights of Man in Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism ([1951] available in multiple editions) [C] - Beitz, The Idea of Human Rights - Seyla Benhabib, Claiming Rights across Borders: International Human Rights and Democratic Sovereignty, American Political Science Review, 103/4 (2009): 691-704 - Joshua Cohen, Minimalism About Human Rights: The Most We Can Hope For? Journal of Political Philosophy, 12/2 (2004): 190-213 - Jean Cohen, Rethinking Human Rights, Democracy, and Sovereignty in the Age of Globalization, Political Theory, 36/4 (2008): 578-606 - Michael Ignatieff, Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry (Princeton UP, 2001) - Christian Reus-Smit, Struggles for Individual Rights and the Expansion of the International System, International Organization, 65/2 (2011): 207-42 - Laura Valentini, In What Sense are Human Rights Political? A Preliminary Exploration, Political Studies, 60/1 (2012): 180-194 Supplementary Reading - Brooke Ackerly, Universal Human Rights in a World of Difference (Cambridge UP, 2008) [a subtle feminist account] - Seyla Benhabib, The Reluctant Modernism of Hannah Arendt, new ed. (Rowman & Littlefield, 2003) [includes an influential critique of Arendt on rights] - Peg Birmingham, Hannah Arendt and Human Rights: The Predicament of Common Responsibility (Indiana UP, 2006) - Allen Buchanan, Human Rights, Legitimacy, and the Use of Force (Oxford UP, 2010) - Margaret Canovan, Hannah Arendt: A Reinterpretation of Her Political Thought (Cambridge UP, 2003) [An influential interpretation of her thought] - Jeffrey C. Isaac, A New Guarantee on Earth: Hannah Arendt on Human Dignity and the Politics of Human Rights, American Political Science Review, 90 (1996) - Benjamin Gregg, Human-Rights as Social Construction (2012) - Duncan Ivison, Republican Human Rights, European Journal of Political Theory, 9 (2010) [challenges view that republicans do not have a theory of human rights] - Andrew Kuper (ed.), Global Responsibilities: Who Must Deliver on Human Rights? (Routledge, 2005) [a useful collection of essays on who should uphold rights - John Lechte and Saul Newman, Agamben, Arendt and Human Rights: Bearing Witness to the Human, European Journal of Social Theory (2012) - Onora ONeill, The Dark Side of Human Rights, International Affairs, 81 (2005) - Patricia Owens, Refugees and the Right to Have Rights in Alexander Betts & Gil Loescher (eds.), Refugees in International Relations (Oxford UP, 2010) [Arendtian reflections] - Serena Parekh, Resisting Dull and Torpid Assent: Returning to the Debate over the Foundations of Human Rights, Human Rights Quarterly, 29 (2007) [Arendt, again] - Serena Parekh, Hannah Arendt and the Challenge of Modernity: A Phenomenology of Human Rights (Routledge, 2008)

23

- Dana Villa (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Hannah Arendt (Cambridge UP, 2000), esp. chs. 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 11 [On diverse aspects of Arendts thought] - Andrew Vincent, The Politics of Human Rights (Oxford UP, 2010) [A useful introduction, focusing on the politics of rights]

24

Relativism, Universalism & Human Rights

Sample Questions - What is cultural (or moral) universalism? - Does the fact that different cultures have different views on ethics invalidate theories of universal human rights? - Is Rortys account of sentimental education a good response to the problem of relativism? Core Reading - Donnelly, Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice, chs. 4-7 - Clifford Geertz, Anti-Anti-Relativism, American Anthropologist, 86/2 (1984): 263-78 - Kurasawa, The Work of Global Justice - Steven Lukes, Moral Relativism (Profile, 2007) - Nickel, Making Sense of Human Rights, ch. 11 - Michael J. Perry, Are Human Rights Universal? The Relativist Challenge and Related Matters, Human Rights Quarterly, 19/3 (1997): 461-509 - Richard Rorty, Human Rights, Rationality and Sentimentality in Susan Hurley and Stephen Shute (eds.), On Human Rights: The 1993 Oxford Amnesty Lectures (Basic, 1993) [C] - Charles Taylor, Conditions of an Unforced Consensus on Human Rights in Joanne Bauer and Daniel A. Bell (eds.), The East Asian Challenge for Human Rights (Cambridge UP, 1999) [C] Supplementary Reading - Michael Bacon, Richard Rorty: Pragmatism and Political Liberalism (Lexington, 2007) [Defends Rorty] - Jose-Manuel Baretto, Rorty and Human Rights: Contingency, Emotions and How to Defend Human Rights Telling Stories, Utrecht Law Review, 7/2 (2011) - Daniel A. Bell, East Meets West: Human Rights and Democracy in East Asia (Princeton UP, 2000) - Richard J. Bernstein, The Pragmatic Turn (Polity, 2001), esp. ch. 10 [A good introduction] - Molly Cochran, Normative Theory in International Relations: A Pragmatic Approach (Camb. UP, 1997) - John Cook, Morality and Cultural Differences (Oxford UP, 1999) [charts a subtle middle ground] - Jack Donnelly, The Relative Universality of Human Rights, Human Rights Quarterly, 29/2 (2007) - Harri Englund, Human Rights and the African Poor (California UP, 2006) [an anthropologists account, critical of abstract notions of human rights] - Matthew Festenstein, Pragmatism and Political Theory: From Dewey to Rorty (Polity, 1997), chs. 4-6 - Matthew Festenstein & Simon Thompson (eds.), Richard Rorty: Critical Dialogues (Polity, 2001) - Norman Geras, Solidarity in the Conversation of Humankind: The Ungroundable Liberalism of Richard Rorty (Verso, 1995) [A critique of Rorty] - Gilbert Harman and Judith Jarvis Thompson, Moral Relativism and Moral Objectivity (Blackwell, 1996) [A sophisticated debate between a leading moral relativist (Harman) and a critic]

25

- David Hollinger, How Wide the Circle of the We? American Intellectuals and the Problem of the Ethnos since World War II, American Historical Review, 98 (1993)[Contextualises Rorty] - Martin Hollis & Steven Lukes (eds.), Rationality and Relativism (MIT, 1984) [a classic collection] - Michael Krauz (ed.), Relativism: Interpretation and Confrontation (Notre Dame UP, 1989) - Alastair MacIntyre, After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory, 2nd ed. (Duckworth, 2007) [Classic text] - C. B. Miller, Rorty and Moral Relativism, European Journal of Philosophy, 10 (2001) - P. K. Moser and T.L. Carson, (eds.), Moral Relativism: A Reader (Oxford UP, 2001) [Collection of classic essays by anthropologists and philosophers] - Susan Moller Okin, Feminism, Womens Human Rights, and Cultural Differences, Hypatia, 13/2 (1998) - Richard Rorty, Postmodernist Bourgeois Liberalism, Journal of Philosophy, 80 (1983) - Richard Rorty, Ethics without Principles in Rorty, Philosophy and Social Hope (Penguin, 1999) - Kelly Staples (2011) Statelessness, Sentimentality and Human Rights: A Critique of Rortys Liberal Human Rights Culture, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 37 (2011) - John J. Tilley, Cultural Relativism, Human Rights Quarterly, 22/2 (2000) [An analysis and critique] - Bernard Williams, The Truth in Relativism in Williams, Moral Luck (Cambridge UP, 1981

26

Challenging Human Rights

Sample Questions - Why are Marxists and post-colonial scholars often sceptical of human rights discourse? - Are Women Human? (Catherine Mackinnon). Discuss. - If human rights are the product of western imperial history, does this invalidate them? Core Reading - Giorgio Agamben, Beyond Human Rights in Agamben, Means without Ends: Notes on Politics (Minnesota UP, 2000) [C] - Jean Cohen, Sovereign Equality vs. Imperial Right: The Battle over the New World Order, Constellations, 13/4 (2006): 485-505 - Costas Douzinas, Human Rights and Empire: The Political Philosophy of Cosmopolitanism (Routledge, 2007) - Raymond Geuss, History and Illusion in Politics (Cambridge UP, 2001), esp. pp. 13153 [C] - Catherine MacKinnon, Womens Status, Mens States in MacKinnon, Are Women Human and Other International Dialogues (Harvard UP, 2007) [see also her brief Are Women Human?] [C] - Makau Mutua, Savages, Victims, and Saviors: The Metaphor of Human Rights, Harvard International Law Journal, 42/1 (2001): 201-245 [C] - Anthony Pagden, Human Rights, Natural Rights, and Europes Imperial Legacy, Political Theory, 31/2 (2003): 171-199 - James Tully, Lineages of Contemporary Imperialism in Duncan Kelly (ed.), The Historical Roots of British Imperial Thought (Oxford UP, 2009) [C] Supplementary Reading - Giorgio Agamben, State of Exception (Chicago UP, 2005) [Mixing Foucault and Schmitt] - Talal Asad, What Do Human Rights Do? An Anthropological Enquiry, Theory and Event, 4/4 (2000) - Daniel Bell, East Meets West: Human Rights and Democracy in East Asia (Princeton UP, 2006) - Bill Bowring, The Degradation of the International Legal Order (Routledge, 2007), esp. chs. 6-8 - Wendy Brown, Suffering Rights as Paradoxes, Constellations, 7 (2000) - Costas Douzinas, The End of Human Rights: Critical Legal Thought at the Fin-deSiecle (Hart, 2000) - Raymond Geuss, Philosophy and Real Politics, pp. 60-70 - Siba NZatioula Grovogui, Mind, Body, and Gut! Elements of a Postcolonial Human Rights Discourse in Brawen Gruffyd Jones (ed.), Decolonizing International Relations (Rowman & Littlefield, 2006) - David Kennedy, The Dark Sides of Virtue: Reassessing International Humanitarianism (Princeton UP, 2004) - Margaret Kohn, Postcolonialism in Duncan Bell (ed.), Ethics and World Politics - John Lechte and Saul Newman, Agamben, Arendt and Human Rghts: Bearing Witness to the Human, European Journal of Social Theory (2012) - Susan Marks, Human Rights and Root Causes, Modern Law Review, 74/1 (2011) - Makau Mutua, Human Rights: A Political & Cultural Critique (U Penn Press, 2002)

27

- Makau Mutua, Standard Setting in Human Rights: Critique and Prognosis, Human Rights Quarterly, 29/3 (2007) - Anne Orford, Reading Humanitarian Intervention: Human Rights and the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford UP, 2003) [By a critical legal theorist] - Anthony Pagden, Stoicism, Cosmopolitanism, and the Legacy of Europes Imperialism, Constellations, 7 (2000) - Jacques Ranciere, Who is the Subject of the Rights of Man? South Atlantic Quarterly, 103 (2004) - Niamh Reilly, Womens Human Rights: Seeking Gender Justice in a Globalising Age (Polity, 2009) - Randall Williams, The Divided World: Human Rights and its Violence (Minnesota UP, 2010) [On the imperial division of humanity into those deemed worthy of rights and those who are not] - Slavoj Zizeck, Against Human Rights, New Left Review, 34 (2005) [on an imperial theme]

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Section III: The Ethics of War

This section explores some key issues in the contemporary debates on the ethics of war. Lecture 11 discusses how, and to what extent, ethical arguments apply in warfare, and in particular whether the experience of war renders ethical discourse irrelevant. Lectures 12 and 13 outline the basic contours of the Just War tradition, the main body of thought for thinking about the ethics of political violence in the Western world. Lectures 14 and 15 examine a range of arguments about two pressing and controversial areas: humanitarian intervention and terrorism. General Reading for Section III - Hannah Arendt, On Violence (Mariner, 1970) - Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (Penguin Classics, 2001) - Cecile Fabre, Cosmopolitan War (Oxford UP, 2012) - Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations, 4th ed. (Basic Books, 2006) [Earlier editions are also usable] Walzers Just and Unjust Wars (originally published in 1976), reformulates the just war tradition by attempting to secularise it. It is the most influential recent discussion of the ethics of war. Fabre offers a cosmopolitan interpretation of the ethics of war, challenging much of the Just War tradition. Arendts short book offers a novel conceptual discussion of violence and power, as well as a critique of certain forms of existential politics. Fanons volume, written in the context of colonial oppression, is a powerful challenge to complacent western views on conflict, and it (in)famously defends violence as a means to challenge domination.

29

Debating the Ethics of War

Sample Questions - Do those who have experienced violence have a privileged position in discussing it? - Is pacifism a coherent and defensible position? - How does Walzer justify the validity of the just war tradition? Core Reading - Andrew Alexandra, Political Pacifism, Social Theory and Practice, 29/4 (2003):589606 [C] - Perry Anderson, Arms and Rights: The Adjustable Centre, New Left Review, 1/231 (1998): 5-42 [reprinted in Anderson, Spectrum: From Left to Right in the World of Ideas (2005)] [C] - Paul Fussell, Thank God for the Atom Bomb and subsequent exchange with Walzer in New Republic (1981) [Reprinted in Fussell, Killing in Verse and Prose (1988)] [C] - Patricia Owens, The Ethics of War: Critical Alternatives in Bell (ed.), Ethics and World Politics - Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, esp. chs. 1-3 Supplementary Reading - Peter Brock, Varieties of Pacifism: A Survey from Antiquity to the Outset of the Twentieth Century (Syracuse UP, 1998) - Judith Butler, Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence (Verso, 2004) [a work by a leading gender theorist] - Adriana Cavarero, Horrorism: Naming Contemporary Violence (Columbia UP, 2011) [A dense work of critical theory] - Martin Ceadel, Thinking about Peace and War (Oxford UP, 1987) - Ian Clark, Waging War: A Philosophical Introduction (Oxford UP, 1988) - A. J. Coates, The Ethics of War (Manchester UP, 1997) - David Cortright, Peace: A History of Movements and Ideas (Cambridge UP, 2008) - Michael Doyle, Ways of War and Peace: Realism, Liberalism and Socialism (Norton, 1997) - Andrew Fialia, The Just War Myth: The Moral Illusions of War (Rowman & Littlefield, 2008) [A pacifist critique of the Just War tradition] - John Finnis, The Ethics of War and Peace in the Catholic Natural Law Tradition in Terry Nardin (ed.), The Ethics of War and Peace (Princeton UP, 1998) [By a leading Catholic thinker] - Elizabeth Frazer and Kimberley Hutchings, On Politics and Violence: Arendt contra Fanon, Contemporary Political Theory, 7 (2008) - Jonathan Glover, Humanity: A Moral History of the Twentieth Century (Pimlico, 2001) [a powerful philosophical meditation on the twentieth century] - Michael Gross, Moral Dilemmas of Modern War (Cambridge UP, 2010) - Robert Holmes, On War and Morality (Princeton, 1989) [on pacifism] - Kimberley Hutchings, Feminist Ethics and Political Violence, International Politics, 44/3 (2007) - Elizabeth Frazer and Kimberly Hutchings, Argument and Rhetoric in the Justification of Political Violence, European Journal of Political Theory, 6 (2007) - Larry May (ed.), War: Essays in Political Philosophy (Cambridge UP, 2008) [An excellent collection]

30

- Karma Nabulsi, Traditions of War: Occupation, Resistance and the Law (Oxford UP, 2005) [includes an interesting discussion of martialism] - Thomas Nagel, War and Massacre, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 1 (1972) [A classic essay] - Terry Nardin (ed.), The Ethics of War and Peace: Religious and Secular Perspectives (Princeton UP, 1996) - Richard Norman, Ethics, Killing and War (Cambridge UP, 1995) - Brian Orend, War and International Justice: A Kantian Perspective (Wilfrid Laurier UP, 2000) - Patricia Owens, Between War and Politics: International Relations and the Thought of Hannah Arendt (Oxford UP, 2007) [Very good account of Arendts views] - Gregory Reichberg, M., Henrik Syse, and Endre Begby (eds.), The Ethics of War: Classic and Contemporary Readings (Blackwell, 2006) - Bruce Robbins, Perpetual War: Cosmopolitanism from the Viewpoint of Violence (Duke UP, 2012) - David Rodin The Ethics of War: State of the Art, Journal of Applied Philosophy, 23/3 (2006) [a useful overview of contemporary philosophical trends] - Cheyney Ryan, War, Sacrifice, and Personal Responsibility (The Chickenhawk Syndrome) (Rowman & Littlefield, 2009] [a pacifist critique] - Cheyney Ryan, The One Who Burns Herself for Peace, Hypatia, 9 (1994) [on the extremes of non-violent resistance] - Elaine Scarry, The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World (Oxford UP, 2005) [An extraordinary account of suffering and pain] - Special Issue: Just War in the Shadow of 9/11, European Journal of Political Theory, 11/2 (2012) - Uwe Steinhoff, On the Ethics of War and Terrorism (OUP, 2007) [A sophisticated discussion] - J. Teichman, Pacifism and the Just War: A Philosophical Examination (Blackwell, 1986) - James Turner Johnson, Morality and Contemporary Warfare (Yale UP, 2001)

31

The Jus ad Bellum and the Prevention/Pre-emption Distinction

Sample Questions - Do new technologies render the traditional pre-emption/prevention distinction obsolete? - Is Walzers attempt to ground the just war tradition on secular foundations successful? - Should feminists reject the just war tradition? Core Reading - Michael Doyle, Striking First: Preemption and Prevention in International Conflict (Princeton UP, 2008), esp. pp. 3-96 - National Security Strategy of the United States (2002) http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/nsc/nss/2002/ - Nicholas Rengger, The Ethics of War: The Just War Tradition in Bell (ed.), Ethics and World Politics - Neta C. Crawford, The Justice of Preemption and Preventive War Doctrines in Mark Evans (ed.), Just War Theory: A Reappraisal (Edinburgh UP, 2005) [C] - David Luban, Preventive War, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 32/3 (2004): 207-48 - Barack Obamas Nobel Peace Prize speech (2009): http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2009/obama-lecture_en.html - Laura Sjoberg, Why Just War Needs Feminism Now More than Ever, International Politics, 45/1 (2008): 1-18 [C] - Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, esp. chs. 1-7 - Michael Walzer, The Triumph of Just War Theory and the Dangers of Success, Social Research, 69/4 (2002): 925-943 [Reprinted in Walzer, Arguing About War (Yale UP, 2004) [C] Supplementary Reading Historical & Comparative Dimensions: - Alex Bellamy, Just Wars: From Cicero to Iraq (Polity, 2006) - Alia Brahimi, Jihad and Just War in the War on Terror (Oxford UP, 2010) - Torkel Brekke (ed.), The Ethics of War in Asian Civilizations (Routledge, 2009) - John Kelsay, Arguing the Just War in Islam (Harvard UP, 2007) - John Kelsay & James Turner Johnson (eds.), Just War and Jihad: Historical and Theoretical Perspectives on War and Peace in Western and Islamic Traditions (Greenwood, 1991) - James Turner Johnson, Just War Tradition and the Restraint of War: A Moral and Historical Inquiry (Princeton UP, 1981) - James Turner Johnson, Ideology, Reason and the Limitation of War: Religious and Secular Concepts, 1200-1740 (Princeton UP, 1975) - Richard Sorabji and David Rodin (eds.), The Ethics of War: Shared Problems in Different Traditions (Ashgate, 2006) - Richard Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace: Political Thought and the International Order from Grotius to Kant (Oxford UP, 1999) Recent Theoretical Accounts: - Allen Buchanan, Institutionalizing the Just War, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 34/1 (2006) - Allen Buchanan and Robert O. Keohane, The Preventive Use of Force: A Cosmopolitan Institutional Proposal, Ethics & International Affairs 18/1 (2004)

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- C. A. J. Coady, Morality and Political Violence (Cambridge UP, 2008) [A major secular account] - Neta Crawford, Just War Theory and the US Counterterror War, Perspectives on Politics, 1 (2003) - Mark Evans (ed.), Just War Theory: A Reappraisal (Edinburgh UP, 2005) [Useful set of essays] - Jean Bethke Elshtain, (ed.), Just War Theory (Blackwell, 1992) [A collection of classic texts] - Jean Bethke Elshtain, Just War against Terror: The Burden of American Power in a Violent World (Basic Books, 2003) [See the round-table in International Relations, 21 (2007)] [A prominent American JW theorist defends the War in Iraq] - Charles Guthrie & Michael Quinlan, Just War: Ethics in Modern Warfare (Bloomsbury, 2007) [The former head of the British Army and the civilian head of the Ministry of Defence] - Eric Heinze and Brent Steele (eds.), Ethics, Authority, and War: Non-State Actors and the Just War Tradition (Palgrave, 2009) - David C. Hendrickson, In Defense of Realism: A Commentary on Just and Unjust Wars, Ethics and International Affairs, 11 (1997) [A realist responds to Walzer] - Larry May, War Crimes and Just War (Cambridge UP, 2007) [Addressed from a legal angle] - Jeff McMahan, Just Cause for War, Ethics and International Affairs, 19 (2005) - Oliver ODonovan, The Just War Revisited (Cambridge UP, 2003) [a recent theological argument] - Cian ODriscoll, The Renegotiation of the Just War Tradition and the Right to War in the Twenty-First Century (Palgrave, 2008) [on the post 9/11 uses and abuses of the just war] - Paul Ramsey, The Just War: Force and Responsibility (Scribners, 1968) [a theological account] - Nicholas Rengger, The Judgement of War, Review of International Studies, 31 (2005) - Laura Sjoberg, Gender, Justice, and the Wars in Iraq: A Feminist Reformulation of Just War Theory (Rowman & Littlefield, 2006) - Henry Shue and David Rodin (eds.), Preemption: Military Action and Moral Justification (Oxford UP, 2007) [an excellent collection of essays]

33

Jus in Bello and Jus Post Bellum

Sample Questions - Does the just war tradition require a separate category of the jus post bellum? - Should we collapse the distinction between the jus ad bellum and the jus in bello? Discuss with reference to the moral status of combatants. - Is cosmopolitanism compatible with the just war tradition? Core Reading - Gary Bass, Jus Post Bellum, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 32/4 (2004):384-412 - Simon Caney, Justice Beyond Borders, ch. 6 - Jeff McMahan, Killing in War (Oxford UP, 2009) - Stefano Reccia, Just and Unjust Postwar Reconstruction: How Much External Interference can be Justified? Ethics & International Affairs, 23/2 (2009): 165-87 - Cheyney Ryan, Moral Equality, Victimhood and the Sovereignty-Symmetry Problem in David Rodin & Henry Shue (eds.), Just and Unjust Warriors: The Moral and Legal Status of Soldiers (Oxford UP, 2008) [C] - Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, esp. chs. 8-13, 16 - Maja Zehfuss, Killing Civilians: Thinking the Practice of War, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 14/3 (2012): 423-40 Supplementary Reading - Alex Bellamy, The Responsibilities of Victory: Jus Post Bellum and the Just War, Review of International Studies, 34/4 (2008) - C.A.J. Coady, Terrorism, Morality, and Supreme Emergency, Ethics, 114 (2003) - David Estlund, On Following Orders in an Unjust War, Journal of Political Philosophy, 15 (2007) - Cecile Fabre, In Defence of Mercenarism, British Journal of Political Science, 40 (2010) - Sohail Hashmi & Steven Lee (eds.), Ethics and Weapons of Mass Destruction (Cambridge UP, 2004) - Thomas Hurka, Proportionality in the Morality of War, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 33 (2005) - A. C. Grayling, Among the Dead Cities: Is the Targeting of Civilians in War Ever Justified? (2006) - Gregory Kavka, Moral Paradoxes of Nuclear Deterrence (Cambridge UP, 1988) - Seth Lazar, Responsibility, Risk and Killing in Self-Defense, Ethics, 119 (2009) - Seth Lazar, Scepticism about Jus Post Bellum in Larry May and Andrew Forcehimes (eds.) Morality, Jus Post Bellum, and International Law (Cambridge UP, 2012) - Steven Lee, Morality, Prudence, and Nuclear Weapons (Cambridge UP, 1993) - Alison McIntyre, Doing Away with Double Effect, Ethics, 111 (2001) - Joseph Nye, Nuclear Ethics (Macmillan, 1986) [A standard account] - Brian Orend, Is there a Supreme Emergency Exemption? in Mark Evans (ed.), Just War Theory: A Reappraisal (Edinburgh UP, 2005) - Daniel Philpott, Just and Unjust Peace: An Ethic of Political Reconciliation (Oxford UP, 2012) - Igor Primoratz (ed.), Civilian Immunity in War (Oxford UP, 2010) [state of the art essays] - Igor Primoratz, Civilian Immunity, Supreme Emergency, and Moral Disaster, Journal of Ethics, 11 (2010) [Develops a significantly less permissive view of SE than Walzer]

34

- Paul Rynard & David P. Shugarman (eds.) Cruelty & Deception: The Controversy over Dirty Hands in Politics (Broadview, 1999) - David Rodin, War and Self-Defence (Oxford UP, 2002) [a sophisticated cosmopolitan critique] - Henry Shue (ed.), Nuclear Deterrence and Moral Restraint (Cambridge UP, 1989) - Michael Walzer, Political Action: The Problem of Dirty Hands, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 2 (1973) [A classic essay, but see his modified view in Arguing About War, ch. 3] - P.A. Woodward (ed.), The Doctrine of Double Effect: Philosophers Debate a Controversial Moral Principle (Notre Dame UP, 2001) - Maja Zehfuss, Targeting: Precision and the Production of Ethics, European Journal of International Relations 17, no. 3(2011)

35

On Humanitarianism and Humanitarian Intervention

Sample Questions - What differentiates humanitarian intervention from liberal imperialism? - Have the reasons for humanitarian intervention changed over time, and if so, what does this tell us about the character of the international system? - What is humanitarian reason (Didier Fassin) and does the idea help to shed light on the phenomenon of humanitarian intervention? Core Reading - Didier Fassin, Humanitarianism as a Politics of Life, Public Culture, 19/3 (2007): 499 - Martha Finnemore, The Purpose of Intervention: Changing Beliefs about the Use of Force (Cornell UP, 2003) - Anthony Lang, Humanitarian Intervention in Bell (ed.), Ethics and World Politics - Mahmood Mamdani, Responsibility to Protect or Right to Punish?, Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 4/1 (2010): 53-67 [C] - Fernando Tson, The Liberal Case for Humanitarian Intervention in J. Holzgrefe et al. (eds.), Humanitarian Intervention : Ethical, Legal and Political Dilemmas (Cambridge UP, 2003) [C] - Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, ch. 6 - Michael Walzer, The Politics of Rescue, Social Research, 62 (1994): 53-66 [Reprinted in Walzer, Arguing About War (Yale UP, 2004)] [C] - Michael Walzer, The Case Against our Attack on Libya, New Republic (20 March 2011) [on-line] Supplementary Reading - William Bain, Between Anarchy and Society: Trusteeship and the Obligations of Power (Oxford UP, 2003) - Michael Barnett, The International Humanitarian Order (Routledge, 2009) - Alex Bellamy and Sara Davies, Politics, Law and the Responsibility to Protect: From Concept to Practice (Routledge, 2010) - David Campbell, Why Fight: Humanitarianism, Principles and Poststructuralism, Millennium, 27 (1998) [a post-structuralist defence of intervention, i the context of the Bosnian war] - Deen Chatterjee and Don Scheid (eds.), Ethics and Foreign Intervention (Cambridge UP, 2003) - Neta Crawford, Argument and Change in World Politics: Ethics, Decolonization, and Humanitarian Intervention (Cambridge UP, 2002) [Mixing political theory and constructivist IR] - Didier Fassin, Humanitarian Reason: A Moral History of the Present (California UP, 2011) - J. Holzgrefe & Robert Keohane (eds.), Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal and Political Dilemmas (Cambridge UP, 2003), chs. 1,2,3,4 & 8 - Anthony Lang, Agency and Ethics: The Politics of Military Intervention (SUNY Press, 2002) - Catherine Lu, Just and Unjust Interventions in World Politics: Public and Private (Palgrave, 2008) - Rama Mani and Thomas G. Weiss (eds.), Responsibility to Protect: Perspectives from the Global South (Routledge, 2011)

36

- Anne Orford, Reading Humanitarian Intervention: Human Rights and the Use of Force in International Law (Oxford UP, 2003) [By a critical legal theorist] - James Pattison, Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility To Protect: Who Should Intervene? (Oxford UP, 2010) - Brendan Simms and D. J. P. Trim (eds.), Humanitarian Intervention: A History (Cambridge UP, 2011) [On why humanitarian intervention isnt really a new phenomenon] - Fernando Tesn, Humanitarian Intervention: An Inquiry into Law and Morality, 2nd ed. (Transnational Publishers, 1997) [A prominent liberal defence of intervention] - John Vincent, Non-Intervention and International Order (Princeton UP, 1974) [English School arg.] - Thomas Weiss, Humanitarian Intervention (Polity, 2007) [A good short introduction to the topic] - Nicholas Wheeler, Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Intervention in International Society (Oxford UP, 2003) [An English School account, defending a solidarist position] - Danilo Zolo, Invoking Humanity: War, Law, and Global Order (Polity, 2002)

37

The Ethics of Terrorism

Sample Questions - What exactly is wrong with terrorism? - What can feminist theorists add to debates about the ethics of terrorism? - Does Fanon offer a defensible justification for the use of violence? Core Reading - Faisal Devji, The Terrorist in Search of Humanity: Militant Islam and Global Politics (Hurst, 2010) - Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth, ch. 1 [and Sartres Preface] - Virginia Held, Terrorism in Bell (ed.), Ethics and World Politics - Robert Goodin, Whats Wrong with Terrorism? (Polity, 2006) - Ian Hacking, The Suicide Weapon, Critical Inquiry, 35/1 (2008): 1-32 - Alison M. Jaggar, What Is Terrorism, Why Is It Wrong, and Could It Ever Be Morally Permissible? Journal of Social Philosophy, 36/2 (2005): 202-217 - Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, chs. 11, 12 - Michael Walzer, Terrorism: A Critique of Excuses in Walzer, Arguing About War (Yale UP, 2004), ch. 5 - Ayse Zarakol, What Makes Terrorism Modern? Terrorism, Legitimacy, and the International System, Review of International Studies, 37/5 (2011): 2311-2336 Supplementary Reading - Fritz Allhoff, Terrorism, Ticking Time-Bombs, and Torture (Chicago UP, 2011) [a defence of torture] - Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (multiple editions), chs. 12-13. - G. Borradori, Philosophy in a Time of Terror: Dialogues with Jrgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida (Chicago UP, 2003) - Bob Brecher, Torture and the Ticking Bomb (Blackwell, 2007) - Susan Buck-Morss, Thinking Past Terror: Islamism and Critical Theory on the Left (Verso, 2003) - Claudia Card, Confronting Evils: Terrorism, Torture, and Genocide (Cambridge UP, 2010) - C.A.J. Coady, Terrorism, Morality, and Supreme Emergency, Ethics, 114 (2004) - G. A. Cohen, Casting the First Stone: Who Can, and who Cant, Condemn the Terrorists, Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement, 58 (2006) - Richard English, Terrorism: How to Respond (Oxford UP, 2009) [An excellent brief volume] - Matthew Evangelista, Law, Ethics, and the War on Terror (Polity, 2008) - Yuval Ginbar, Why Not Torture Terrorists? Moral, Practical, and Legal Aspects of the Ticking Bomb Justification for Torture (Oxford UP, 2010) - Carol Gould, Globalizing Democracy and Human Rights (Cambridge UP, 2004), ch. 12 - Virginia Held, How Terrorism is Wrong: Morality and Political Violence (Oxford UP, 2008) - Ted Honderich, After the Terror, 2nd edn. (Edinburgh UP, 2003) - Nasser Hussain, Beyond Norm and Exception: Guantnamo, Critical Inquiry, 33/1 (2007) - Michael Ignatieff, The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror (Princeton UP, 2005) - F. M. Kamm, Ethics for Enemies: Terror, Torture, and War (Oxford UP, 2011)

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- Leslie McPherson, Is Terrorism Distinctively Wrong? Ethics, 117 (2007) - Tamar Meisels, The Trouble with Terror: Liberty, Security, and the Response to Terrorism (Cam. UP, 2008) - Seamus Miller, Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: Ethics and Liberal Democracy (Blackwell, 2006) - Stephen Nathanson, Terrorism and the Ethics of War (Cambridge UP, 2010) - Igor Primoratz (ed.), Terrorism: The Philosophical Issues (Palgrave, 2004) - David Rodin, Terrorism without Intentions, Ethics, 114 (2004) - James P. Sterba (ed.), Terrorism and International Justice (Oxford UP, 2006) - Uwe Steinhoff, On the Ethics of War and Terrorism (Oxford UP, 2007), ch. 5 - Samuel Scheffler, Is Terrorism Morally Distinctive? Journal of Political Philosophy, 14 (2006) - Jeremy Waldron, Torture, Terror, and Trade-Offs (Oxford UP, 2010), chs. 2, 3

39

LENT TERM Module 1: Military Intervention

Lecturer: Dr. Stefano Recchia

Lecture 1: Why seek multilateral approval? Justice and legitimacy in contemporary uses of force
Core reading: - Gareth Evans and Mohamed Sahnoun, The Responsibility to Protect, Foreign Affairs, 81: 6 (November/December 2002), pp. 99-110. [Key document outlining the R2P doctrine.] - Tom Farer, A Paradigm of Legitimate Intervention, in Lori Fisler Damrosch, ed., Enforcing Restraint (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1993). [Emphasizes and explains the importance of multilateral authorization and oversight.] - Martha Finnemore, Changing Norms of Humanitarian Intervention, in Finnemore, The Purpose of Intervention (Cornell UP, 2003). [How changing legitimacy norms regulate and shape humanitarian intervention; highlights the growing importance of multilateralism.] - Robert O. Keohane, The Contingent Legitimacy of Multilateralism, in E. Newman, R. Thakur, and J. Tirman, eds., Multilateralism Under Challenge? (Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 2006). [Questions the legitimacy of statist multilateral organizations]. - Friedrich Kratochwil, On Legitimacy, International Relations, 20: 3 (2006), pp. 302308. [Legitimacy is a conceptual minefield Kratochwil attempts to introduce some clarity.] - Sarah Kreps, Multilateral Military Interventions: Theory and Practice, Political Science Quarterly, 123: 4 (2008), pp. 573-603. [Discusses various forms of multilateralism and develops a new, if controversial, definition]. Supplementary reading: - Kenneth W. Abbott and Duncan Snidal, Why States Act Through Formal International Organizations, Journal of Conflict Resolution 42: 1 (1998), pp. 3-32. [Good overview of the different reasons why states may choose to channel their policies through international organizations like the UN or NATO]. - Alex Bellamy, The UN Security Council and the Use of Force, in Bellamy, Global Politics and the Responsibility to Protect (London: Routledge, 2011), pp. 162-195. [Discusses recent military interventions authorized by the UN Security Council]. - Richard K. Betts, Confused Interventions, in Betts, American Force (Columbia UP, 2012), pp. 50-80. [If you choose to intervene, avoid half-measures and support one side decisivelyunilaterally if needed. Hard-nosed analysis by a leading realist scholar.] - Katharina P. Coleman, International Organizations and Peace Enforcement (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007). [Argues that intervening states, whether Nigeria, South Africa, or the United States, seek international organization approval to legitimize their actions and avoid international opprobrium.] - Bruce Cronin, The Paradox of Hegemony: Americas Ambiguous Relationship With the United Nations, European Journal of International Relations, 7:1 (2001), pp. 103130. [America has the hardware to intervene abroadyet hegemony requires more than that.] 40

- Michael Doyle, 'The Ethics of Multilateral Intervention', Theoria , 53: 109 (2006), pp. 2848. [Goes back to J.S. Mill to discuss the ethics of contemporary interventions.] - Stanley Hoffmann, The Politics and Ethics of Military Intervention, Survival 37:4 (Winter 1995), pp. 29-51. [Cautious endorsement of multilateral humanitarian intervention by an old-school liberal internationalist.] - Ian Hurd, After Anarchy: Legitimacy and Power in the United Nations Security Council (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007). [Rigorous constructivist analysis of how politics at the UN Security Council has shaped our understanding of legitimacy]. - Samuel Moyn, John Locke on Intervention, Uncertainty, and Insurgency, in Stefano Recchia and Jennifer Welsh, eds., Just and Unjust Military Intervention: European Thinkers from Vitoria to Mill (Cambridge UP, 2013). [John Locke, Moyn argues, can help us better understand the normative challenges related to identifying a just cause for intervention.] - Joseph S. Nye, Soft Power and American Foreign Policy, Political Science Quarterly, 119:2 (2004), pp. 255-270. [Introduces the seminal concept of soft power and then discusses how unilateral U.S. interventions might deplete Americas soft power]. - Robert Pape, Soft Balancing against the United States, International Security 30: 1, 2005. [Even powerful states need to legitimize their actions, if they want to avert potentially harmful soft balancing by their international partners]. - Alexander Thompson, Coercion Through IOs: The Security Council and the Logic of Information Transmission, International Organization 60:1, 2006, pp. 1-34. [Powerful states like the U.S. seek multilateral approval in order to reassure foreign citizens and leaders.] - Michael Walzer, The Politics of Rescue, Social Research 62:1 (Spring 1995), pp. 5366. [Multilateral intervention is OK to stop acts that shock the moral conscience of mankind.] - Jennifer Welsh, Authorizing humanitarian intervention, in Richard Price and Mark Zacher, eds., The United Nations and Global Security (London: Palgrave, 2004). [Explores the role of the UN Security Council as a collective legitimizer].

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Lecture 2: NATOs Humanitarian War Over Kosovo

Core reading: - Adam Roberts, NATOs Humanitarian War Over Kosovo, Survival, 41:3 (1999), pp. 102-123. [Excellent overview of the principal ethical and legal challenges]. - Samantha Power, A Problem From Hell: America in the Age of Genocide (New York: Basic Books, 2002), chap. 12. Ebook: http://search.lib.cam.ac.uk/?itemid=|eresources|81208. [Good discussion of U.S. foreign policy making from a committed humanitarian standpoint]. - David N. Gibbs, First Do No Harm: Humanitarian Intervention and the Destruction of Yugoslavia (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 2009), chapter. 7 [Trenchant critique; argues that NATOs military intervention probably made matters worse]. - Alan K. Hendrikson, The Constraint of Legitimacy: The Legal and Institutional Framework of Euro-Atlantic Security, in Pierre Martin and Mark R. Brawley, eds., Alliance Politics, Kosovo, and NATOs War: Allied Force or Forced Allies? (London: Palgrave, 2000). [Asks whether regional organizations like NATO can be a substitute for UN authorization]. - Nicholas Wheeler, Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Intervention in International Society, chapter 8. [Focuses especially on the role of the UN Security Council]. Supplementary reading: - Alex J. Bellamy, Kosovo and International Society (London: Palgrave, 2002), chaps. 36. [Detailed analysis of European and U.S. diplomatic initiatives leading up to the war]. Richard K. Betts, Compromised Command: Inside NATOs First War, Foreign Affairs 80: 4 (2001), pp. 126-132 [Highlights the challenges involved in fighting a modern multi-national air campaign]. - Steven L. Burg, Coercive Diplomacy in the Balkans: The U.S. Use of Force in Bosnia and Kosovo, in Robert J. Art and Patrick M. Cronin, The United States and Coercive Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2003). [Investigates whether limited force can be used effectively to achieve ambitious policy objectives]. - Independent International Commission on Kosovo (IICK), The Kosovo Report (Oxford: OUP, 2000). [Influential report, concluded that the intervention was illegal but legitimate.] - Katharina P. Coleman, International Organizations and Peace Enforcement (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007), chapter 6. [Argues that the U.S. sought NATOs endorsement to legitimize the use of force in international society.] - Ivo H. Daalder and Michael E. OHanlon, Winning Ugly: NATOs War to Save Kosovo (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2000). [Still the most detailed analysis of western and especially American policy making on the Kosovo War]. - Richard Falk, Humanitarian Intervention After Kosovo, in Julie Mertus and Jeffrey W. Helsing, eds., Human Rights & Conflict (Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, 2006). [NATOs intervention was both legally and morally objectionable]. - Timothy Garton Ash, Kosovo: Was It Worth It? The New York Review of Books 47 (14), September 2000. - David G. Haglund, Allied Force or Forced Allies? The Allies Perspective, in P. Martin and M. Brawley, eds., Alliance Politics, Kosovo, and NATOs War (London: Palgrave, 2000). Daniel Keohane, The debate on British policy in the Kosovo conflict, Contemporary Security Policy, 21: 3 (December 2000), pp.78-94. [Good overview and discussion of the British policy debate.]

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- Alan J. Kuperman, The Moral Hazard of Humanitarian Intervention: Lessons from the Balkans, International Studies Quarterly 52 (2008): 4980. [Explains how talk of humanitarian intervention can embolden ethnic separatists, thereby making matters worse]. - Eric Moskovitz and Jeffrey S. Lantis, Conflict in the Balkans, in Karl F. Inderfurth and Loch K. Johnson, eds., Fateful Decisions: Inside the National Security Council (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004). [Concise overview of U.S. policy making on Kosovo]. - David Rieff, A New Age of Liberal Imperialism? World Policy Journal, 16:2 (1999), pp. 1-20. [Critique of the Kosovo intervention as an instance of western neoimperialism].

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Lecture 3: The U.S. Invasion of Iraq, 2003: Was it a Just War?

Core reading: - Alex J. Bellamy, Just Wars: From Cicero to Iraq (London: Polity, 2006), esp. chapter 8 on the legitimacy of pre-emptive war. - Philip H. Gordon and Jeremy Shapiro, Allies At War: America, Europe, and the Crisis Over Iraq (New York: McGraw Hill, 2004), chaps 4-5, pp. 93-154. [Excellent description and analysis of the transatlantic crisis over Iraq]. - Robert Jervis, Understanding the Bush Doctrine, Political Science Quarterly, 118: 3 (2003), pp. 365-388. [Excellent analysis of the belief system behind the U.S. invasion of Iraq, by one of Americas foremost international relations scholars.] - Adam Roberts, Law and the Use of Force After Iraq, Survival, 45: 2 (Summer 2003), pp. 31-56. [Reviews various possible justifications for the Iraq War]. - Fernando R. Tesn, Ending Tyranny in Iraq, Ethics & International Affairs, 19: 2 (September 2005), pp. 1-20. [Justifies the 2003 Iraq War as a humanitarian intervention]. Supplementary reading: - James Cockayne and David Malone, Iraq, 1990-1991 and 2002-2003, in V. Lowe, A. Roberts, J. Welsh and D. Zaum, eds, The Security Council and War (Oxford: OUP, 2008), pp. 384-340. [Good overview of a decade of UN Security Council initiatives on Iraq]. - Michael C. Desch, Americas Liberal Illiberalism: The Ideological Origins of Overreaction in U.S. Foreign Policy, International Security, 32:3 (Winter 2007/08), pp. 7-43. [Argues that Americas peculiar reception of the liberal Enlightenment tradition leads it to over-estimate international threats and consequently to over-react]. - Christopher Dickey and Evan Thomas, How Saddam Happened: America helped make a monster, Newsweek, 23 September 2002. [How the demonization of Saddam Hussein came to severely limit U.S. policy options on Iraq]. - Christian Enemark and Christopher Michaelsen, Just War Doctrine and the Invasion of Iraq, Australian Journal of Politics and History, 51: 4 (2005), pp. 545-563. [Using traditional just war theory, the authors conclude that the 2003 Iraq War was unjust]. - James Turner Johnson, Humanitarian Intervention after Iraq, Journal of Military Ethics, 5: 2 (2006), pp. 144-127. [Thoughtful analysis by a leading just war theorist.] - Terry Nardin, Humanitarian Imperialism, Ethics & International Affairs, 19: 2 (September 2005), pp. 21-26. [Critique of Nardins argument that the Iraq War can be justified as a humanitarian intervention]. - Kenneth Roth, Was the Iraq War a Humanitarian Intervention? Journal of Military Ethics 5: 2 (2006), pp. 84-92. [Careful analysis by the head of the international NGO Human Rights Watch. Answers the question in the negative]. - Ramesh Thakur, Iraq and the Responsibility to Protect, Global Dialogue, 7: 1-2 (Winter 2005). [Did the Iraq War meet the R2P criteria?]. - Alexander Thompson, Why Did Bush Bypass the UN in 2003? White House Studies, 11: 3 (2011), pp. 1-20. [because he thought it would be unnecessary. Useful, detailed analysis]. - Albert L. Weeks, The Choice of War: The Iraq War and the Just War Tradition (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2007), pp. 39-112. [Evaluates the 2003 Iraq War against the criteria of traditional just war theory.] - Ruth Wedgwood, The multinational action in Iraq and international law, in Ramesh Thakur and Waheguru Pal Singh Sidhu, eds., The Iraq Crisis and World Order (Tokyo:

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United Nations University Press, 2006). [Controversial study arguing that the Iraq War was justified under international law]. - Bob Woodward, excerpts from his book Plan of Attack: Cheney Was Unwavering in Desire to Go to War, The Washington Post, April 20, 2004. [Fascinating account that takes us inside the Bush administration leading up to the war].

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Lecture 4: After war - Jus post bellum and international trusteeship (Bosnia, 1995-2013)
Core reading: - Gary J. Bass, Jus Post Bellum, Philosophy & Public Affairs 32:4 (2004), pp. 384-412. [May outsiders legitimately transform the domestic political structure of war-torn societies?] - Florian Bieber, Power-sharing and International Intervention: Overcoming the Postconflict Legacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Marc Weller and Barbara Metzger, eds., Settling Self-determination Disputes: Complex Power-sharing in Theory and Practice (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2007). [Good analysis by someone who knows the Balkans very well]. - Stefano Recchia, Just and Unjust Postwar Reconstruction: How much external interference can be justified? Ethics & International Affairs, 23:2 (2009), pp. 165-187. [The degree of external interference needs to be strictly proportional to local impediments to self-rule.] - Richard Caplan, Who Guards the Guardians? International Accountability in Bosnia and Herzegovina, International Peacekeeping 12:3 (Autumn 2005), pp. 463476. [Highlights and discusses the problem of accountability for international state-builders.] - Elizabeth M. Cousens, From Missed Opportunities to Overcompensation: Implementing the Dayton Agreement on Bosnia, in Stephen J. Stedman, Donald Rothchild and E. Cousens, Ending Civil Wars: The Implementation of Peace Agreements (Lynne Rienner, 2002). Supplementary reading: - William Bain, Saving Failed States: Trusteeship as an Arrangement of Security, in Bain, ed., The Empire of Security and the Safety of the People, (Routledge, 2006). [Critical historical and normative analysis.] - Michael Barnett, Building a Republican Peace: Stabilizing States After War, International Security 30:4 (Spring 2006), pp. 87-112. [Outsiders should promote new institutions that facilitate inter-ethnic deliberation, rather than full-fledged liberal democracy]. - Roberto Belloni, State Building and International Intervention in Bosnia (London: Routledge, 2008). [Comprehensive and balanced analysis]. - Florian Bieber, Bosnia and Herzegovina since 1990, in Sabrina Petra Ramet, ed., Central and Southeast European Politics since 1989 (Cambridge University Press, 2010). - Sumantra Bose, The Bosnian State a Decade After Dayton, International Peacekeeping, 12: 3 (2005), pp. 322-335. - Richard Caplan, 'Devising Exit Strategies', Survival, 54: 3 (JuneJuly 2012), pp. 111 126. [Discusses the challenges of ending complex international peace operations.] - Richard Caplan, International Authority and State Building: The Case of Bosnia (OUP, 2004). [Detailed analysis of the international state-building operation in Bosnia]. David Chandler, Faking Democracy After Dayton (London: Pluto, 2000). [The international state-building project in Bosnia is a not-so-veiled instance of neoimperialism]. - Michael W. Doyle, Peacebuilding and Jus Post Bellum, forthcoming in Doyle, The Question of Intervention, 2014. - James Fearon and David Laitin, Neotrusteeship and the Problem of Weak States, International Security, 28:4 (2004), pp. 5-43. 46

- Stephen Krasner, Sharing Sovereignty: New Institutions for Collapsed and Failing States, International Security, 29: 2 (Fall 2004), pp. 85-120. - Arend Lijphart, Constitutional Design for Divided Societies, Journal of Democracy, 15: 2 (2004), pp. 96-109. [Seminal argument on ethnic power sharing as a solution to the problem of political instability in divided societies]. - James Mayall, The European Empires and International Order: Model or Trap? in J. Mayall and R. Soares de Oliveira, eds., The New Protectorates: International Tutelage and the Making of Liberal States (London: Hurst, 2011). - Patrice C. McMahon and Jon Western, The Death of Dayton: How to Stop Bosnia From Falling Apart, Foreign Affairs, 88: 5 (September/October 2009), pp. 69-83. - Roland Paris, At Wars End: Building Peace After Civil Conflict (Cambridge UP, 2004),ch. 6. - Roland Paris and Timothy D. Sisk, Understanding the Contradictions of Postwar Statebuilding, in Roland Paris, Timothy D. Sisk, eds., The Dilemmas of Statebuilding: Confronting the Contradictions of Postwar Peace Operations (Routledge, 2009). [Up-to date overview of the main peacebuilding theories and recent empirical findings]. - Stefano Recchia, Beyond International Trusteeship: EU Peacebuilding in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Occasional Paper No. 66 (Paris: EU Institute for Security Studies, 2007). [Shows that the prospect of EU accession can stimulate important political reforms]. - Philip G. Roeder and Donald Rothchild, Power Sharing as an Impediment to Peace and Democracy, in Roeder and Rotchild.eds., Sustainable Peace: Power and Democracy after Civil Wars (Cornell UP, 2005), pp. 29-50. [Ethnic power sharing is part of the problem.] - Oisin Tansey, Democratic Regime-Building in Bosnia, in Tansey, Regime-Building: Democratization and International Administration (OUP, 2009). [Explores the role of international territorial administration in promoting democratic governance]. - Dominik Zaum, The Sovereignty Paradox: The norms and politics of international statebuilding (OUP, 2007), chaps. 2, 3. [Detailed analysis of the socially constructed norms underpinning international state-building projects, with an explicit focus on Bosnia].

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Module 2: Debates about Terrorism

Lecturer: Dr Aye Zarakol Caution: Some of the texts may contain offensive and disturbing language. General Reading - Ken Booth and Tim Dunne, Terror in Our Time (Routledge, 2011). - David Rapaport, The Fourth Wave, Current History (December 2001): 419-24. - Walter Laqueur, Voices of Terror (Sourcebooks, 2004) [This book includes excerpts from primary texts produced by terrorists.]

Lecture 1 - Defining terrorism and terrorists: Conceptual, legal and ethical issues
Core Reading - Bruce Hoffman, Inside Terrorism (Columbia University Press, 2006), Chapter 1. - Charles Tilly, Terror, Terrorism, Terrorists, Sociological Theory 22.1 (2004): 5-13. - Aye Zarakol, What Makes Terrorism Modern? Terrorism, Legitimacy, and the International System, Review of International Studies, 37.5 (2011). Supplementary Reading - Gerard Chailand and Arnaud Blin, eds., The History of Terrorism (University of California Press, 2007). - Walter Laqueur, A History of Terrorism (Transaction Publishers, 2001). - Richard Jackson et al., Terrorism: A Critical Introduction (Palgrave MacMillan, 2011). - Igor Primoratz, State terrorism and counterterrorism, CAPPE Working Paper, No. 3 (2002) [http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000137/01/Primorat.pdf]

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Lecture 2 - Evaluating motivations for terrorism: Revolutionaries, Guerrillas, Freedom-fighters, Psychopaths?

Core Reading - Charles Townshend, Terrorism: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2011). - Fawas A. Gerges, The Rise and Fall of Al-Qaeda (Oxford University Press, 2011). - Aliza Marcus, Blood and Belief: The PKK and the Kurdish Fight for Independence (NYU Press, 2009)> Primary Documents List of proscribed terrorist organizations by the UK: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/224213/20 12-07-19-List_of_Proscribed_organisations.pdf - Council on Foreign Relations Research Links: Messages and Interviews of Osama bin Laden, http://www.cfr.org/terrorist-leaders/messages-interviews-osama-binladen/p25267 - Full transcript of PKK leader Ocalans 2013 Ceasefire call: http://www.euronews.com/2013/03/22/web-full-transcript-of-abdullah-ocalans-ceasefirecall-kurdish-pkk/ - Sergei Nechaev, Catechism of a Revolutionary (1869) [http://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/nechayev/catechism.htm] Supplementary Reading - Andrea Elliot, The Jihadist Next Door, The New York Times Magazine, January 27 (2010) : http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/31/magazine/31Jihadistt.html?pagewanted=all - Andrew Brown, Anders Breiviks Spider Web of Hate, The Guardian, September 7 (2011). http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/sep/07/anders-breivik-hatemanifesto - David McDowall, A Modern History of the Kurds (I.B. Taurus, 2003).

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Lecture 3 - Evaluating terrorism by its methods and strategies

Core Reading - Bruce Hoffman, Inside Terrorism (Columbia University Press, 2006), Chapter 8. - Hannah Arendt, On Violence (Harvest Books, 1970). Primary Documents - Johann Most, Action as Propaganda [Attentat], Freiheit, July 25, 1885 [http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bright/most/actionprop.html] - Leon Trotsky, The Bankruptcy of Individual Terrorism, (1909) [http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1909/xx/tia09.htm] - Martin Luther King, Letter from Birmingham Jail, (1963) [http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/04/martin-luther-kings-letter-frombirmingham-jail/274668/] Supplementary Reading - Max Abrahms, Why Terrorism Does not Work, International Security, 31.2 (2006): 42-78. [http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/792/why_terrorism_does_not_work.html ] - Peter Krause, The Political Effectiveness of Non-State Violence: A Two-Level Framework to Transform a Deceptive Debate, Security Studies 22.2 (2013): 259-94. - Abrahms Response to Krause (29 June 2013): http://www.hnet.org/~diplo/ISSF/PDF/ISSF-Krause-Abrahms-response.pdf - Krauses Response (5 July 2013): http://www.h-net.org/~diplo/ISSF/PDF/ISSFAbrahms-Krause-response.pdf - Robert A. Pape, Suicide Terrorism and Democracy: What Weve Learned Since 9/11, CATO Institute Policy Analysis No. 582 (November 1, 2013): http://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/suicide-terrorism-democracy-whatweve-learned-911

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Lecture 4 - Counterterrorism: ethical issues

Core Reading -Lisa Stampnitzky, Disciplining Terror (Cambridge University Press, 2013). - Audrey Kurth-Cronin, How Terrorism Ends: Understanding the Decline and Demise of Terrorist Campaigns (Princeton University Press, 2011). Primary Documents - Lakhdar Boumediene, Op-ed: My Guantanamo Nightmare, The New York Times, Jan.7, 2012 [http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/08/opinion/sunday/my-guantanamonightmare.html] - Murat Kurnaz, Op-ed: Notes From a Guantanamo Survivor, The New York Times, Jan.7, 2012 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/08/opinion/sunday/notes-from-aguantanamosurvivor.html?ref=sunday&gwh=0241DEB4E570FA4ADA0832B82E1287A2 Supplementary Reading - Richard English, Terrorism: How to Respond (Oxford University Press, 2010). - Steve Hewitt, The British War on Terror: Terrorism and Counterterrorism on the Home Front Since 9-11 (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2007) - Andrew Staniforth, Blackstone's Counter-Terrorism Handbook (Oxford University Press, 2010). - Spencer Ackerman, Report: U.S. Muslim Terrorism Was Practically Nil in 2012, Wired, February 2 (2013). http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2013/02/americanmuslim-terrorism/ - Drones: Myths and Reality in Pakistan, International Crisis Group Asia Report No 247 (21 May 2013). http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/asia/south-asia/pakistan/247drones-myths-and-reality-in-pakistan.aspx

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Module 3: Human Rights and Global Poverty

Lecturer: Gwilym David Blunt gdb30@cam.ac.uk The aim of this module is to examine the practical application of the issues dealt with in the first two sections of the Michaelmas Lectures: the scope of justice and human rights. We will do this by examining four test cases that directly relate to these topics: human rights institutions, the Millennium Development Goals, human migration, and climate change. The aim is to show how the theories from Michael can provide guidance for assessing these challenges, as well as how solutions that seem coherent in the lecture hall fall apart in practice. General Reading: - Jack Donnelly, Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice (Cornell UP, 2002) - Thomas Pogge, Politics as Usual: What lies behind Pro-Poor Rhetoric (Polity, 2010) - Henry J. Steiner, Philip Alston and Ryan Goodman. International human rights in context: law, politics, morals. 3rd. ed. (Oxford UP, 2008). Primary Documents: - The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/ - The International Covenant on Civil and Politics Rights: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm - The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/cescr.htm - Convention relating to the status of Refugees: http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b66c2aa10.pdf - United Nations Millennium Declaration: http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.htm

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Lecture 1: Human Rights Institutions and Politics

Sample Questions: - Has the UNHRC strengthened human rights? - Has the institutionalisation of human rights made them unacceptably political? Core Reading: - Charles R. Beitz, The idea of human rights (Oxford UP, 2009), Ch. 2. - Mathew Davies, Rhetorical Inaction? Compliance and the Human Rights Council of the United Nations Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 35/4 (2010): 449-464 - Jack Donnelly, Universal human rights in theory and practice (Cornell University Press, 2002), Ch. 8 International human rights regimes - Jack Donnelly, The social construction of human rights in Timothy Dunne and Nicholas J. Wheeler, Human rights in global politics (Cambridge UP, 1999). - David P Forsythe, Human rights in international relations (Cambridge UP, 2006), Ch.s 2,3 and 6. - Paul Gordon Lauren, To Preserve and Build on its Achievements and to Redress its Shortcomings: The Journey from the Commission on Human Rights to the Human Rights Council. Human Rights Quarterly 29/2 (2007): 307-345 - Patrizia Scannella and Peter Splinter, The United Nations Human Rights Council: A Promise to be Fulfilled Human Rights Law Review, 7/1 (2007): 41-72 Supplementary Reading: - Philip Alston, Reconceiving the UN Human Rights Regime: Challenges Confronting the New UN Human Rights Council Melbourne Journal of International Law, 7 (2006). - Michael E Goodhart, Human rights: politics and practice (Oxford UP, 2009) - Michael E Goodhart, and Anja Mihr. Human rights in the 21st century: continuity and change since 9/11 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2011). - Michael Ignatieff and Amy Gutmann, (ed), Human rights as politics and idolatry (Princeton UP, 2001), Intro and two essays by Ignatieff. - Erin Kelly, Human Rights as Foreign Policy Imperatives in The Ethics of Assistance: Morality and the Distant Needy (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2004)ch. 9 - Henry J Steiner, Philip Alston and Ryan Goodman, International human rights in context: law, politics, morals. 3rd. ed. (Oxford UP, 2008)

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Lecture 2: The Millennium Development Goals and Human Rights

Sample Questions: - Are the Millennium Development Goals really existing cosmopolitanism? - Are the MDGs good for women? - How do the MDGs illustrate the differnce between a right and a goal in terms of application? Core Reading: - Philip Alston, Ships Passing in the Night: The Current State of the Human Rights and Development Debate seen through the Lens of the Millennium Development Goals in Human Rights Quarterly, 27/3 (2005): 755-829 - Joshua Castellino, The MDGs and international human rights law: a view from the perspective of minorities and vulnerable groups, The International Journal of Human Rights, 13/1 (2009): 10-28 - Elvira Dominguez Redondo, The Millennium Development Goals and the human rights based approach: reflecting on the structural chasms with the United Nations System, The International Journal of Human Rights, 13/1 (2009): 29-43 - Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, Millennium Development Goal 8: Indicators for International Human Rights Obligations? in Human Rights Quarterly, 28/4 (2006): 966-97 - Shyama Kuruvilla et al, The Millennium Development Goals and Human Rights: Realising Shared Commitments, Human Rights Quarterly, 34/1 (2012): 141-77 - Paul J. Nelson, Human Rights, the Millennium Development Goals, and the Future of Development Cooperation, World Development, 35/12 (2007): 2041-2055 - Genevieve Renard Painter, Linking Womens Human Rights and the MDGs: An agenda for 2005 from the UK Gender and Development Network, Gender and Development, 13/1 (2005): 79-93 - Thomas Pogge, Politics as Usual: What lies behind Pro-Poor Rhetoric (Polity Press, 2010) ch.3 - Guido Schmidt-Traub, The Millennium Development Goals and human rights-based approaches: moving towards a shared approach, The International Journal of Human Rights, 13/1 (2009): 72-85 - Saith, From Universal Values to Millennium Development Goals: Lost in Translation, Development and Change, 37/6 (2006): 11671199. Supplementary Reading: - R. Bissio, Civil Society and the MDGs, Development Policy Journal, 3 (2003): 151-60 - Cathal Doyle, Indigenous peoples and the Millennium Development Goals sacrificial lambs or equal beneificiaries? The International Journal of Human Rights, 13/1 (2009): 44-71 - Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, Millennium Development Goals: Why They Matter, Global Governance, 10/4 (2004): 395-402. - Tamar Gutner, When doing good does not: the IMF and the Millenium Development Goals in Who Governs the Globe? (Cambridge UP, 2010): 266-91 - Susan Mathews, Discoursive Alibis: Human Rights, Millennium Development Goals, and Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers, Development, 50/2 (2007): 76-82 - Simone Cecchini and Francesco Notti, Millennium Development Goals and Human Rights: Faraway, so Close? Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 12/1 (2011): 121-33

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S. Damman, Indigenous Vulnerablity and the processs towards the Millennium Development Goals: will a human rights-based approach help?, international Journal on Minority and Group Rights, 14/4 (2007): 489-539 M. Langford, A Poverty of Rights: six ways to fix the MDGs, IDS Bulletin, 41/1 (2007): 83-91 Simon Maxwell, Heaven or Hubris: Reflections on the New New Poverty Agenda, Development Policy Review, 21/1 (2003) : 5-25 Peter Uvin, Human Rights and Development (Kumarian Press, 2006): ch.6 Uvin, Peter, From the right to development to the rights-based approach: how human rights entered development, Development in Practice, 17/4-5 (2007): 597606 Peter Uvin, On High Moral Ground: the incorporation of human rights into the development enterprise, Praxis: The Fletcher Journal of Development Studies, 22/1 (2002): 1-11

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Lecture 3: Migration and Human Rights

Sample Questions: - Is migration the last bastion of sovereignty? - Is this distinction between refugee and economic immigrant morally arbitrary? - Is the human right to free movement violated by state borders? - Is being born in a developed state comparable with a feudal privilege? Core Reading: - Arash Abizadeh, Democratic Theory and Border Coercion: No Right to Unilaterally Control Your Own Borders, Political Theory, 35/1 (2008): 37-65 - Michael Blake, Distributive Justice, State Coercion, and Autonomy, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 30/3 (2001): 257-96 - Joseph Carens, Aliens and Citizens: The Case for Open Borders, Review of Politics, 49 (1987): 251-73 - Catherine Dauvergne, Making People Illegal: What Globalization Means for Migration and Law (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2012) ch. 9 - Will Kymlicka, Territorial Boundaries: A Liberal Egalitarian Perspective in Boundaries and Justice: Diverse Ethical Perspectives (Princeton: Princeton UP, 2001) - Stephen Macedo, When and why should liberal democracies restrict immigration, in Citizens, Borders, and Human Needs (Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 2010): - David Miller, Immigration: The Case for Limits, Contemporary Debates in Applied Ethics. (Oxford: Blackwell, 2005): 193-206 - S. Perry, Immigration, Justice, and Culture in Justice in Immigration (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1995): 94-135 Supplementary Reading: - Arash Abizadeh, Cooperation, Pervasive Impact, and Coercion: on the scope (not the site) of distributive justice, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 35/3 (2007):318-58 - Arash Abizadeh and P. Gilabert, Is there a genuine tension between cosmopolitan egalitarianism and special responsibilities, Philosophical Studies, 138/3 (2008): 34865 - M. Dummit, On Immigration and Refugees (London: Routeledge, 2001) - Michael Blake, Universal and Qualified Rights to Immigration, Ethics and Economics, 4/1 (2006): 1-6 - P. Gilabert, Contractualism and Poverty Relief, Social Theory and Practice, 33/2 (2010): 277-310 - Garret Hardin , Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor, Psychology Today 8 (1974) www.garretthardinsociety.org/articles/art_lifeboat_ethics_case_against_helping_poor .html - J. Ibister, A Liberal Argument for Border Controls: Reply to Carens, International Migration Review, 34 (2000): 629-35 - Stephen Macedo, The Moral Dilemma of U.S. Immigration Policy: Open Borders versus Social Justice in Debating Immigration (Cambridge UP, 2007): 63-84

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Lecture 4: Climate Change and Human Rights

Sample Questions: - Do human rights and intergenerational justice conflict? - Is climate change a human rights issue? Core Reading: - Sam Adelman, Rethinking Human Rights: the impact of climate change on the dominant discourse in Human Rights and Climate Change (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2010): 159-82 - Philip Alston et al., International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics, Morality, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2007) ch. 16 - Sara C. Aminzadeh, A Moral Imperative: The Human Rights Implications of Climate Change, Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, 30/2 (2007):231-65 - Jon Barnett, Human Rights and Vulnerability to Climate Change in Human Rights and Climate Change (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2010): 257-72 - Derek Bell, Does anthropogenic climate change violate human rights? Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 14/2 (2011):99-124 - Simon Caney, Cosmopolitan justice, rights and climate change, Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence, 19(2) (2006):255-78 - Simon Caney, Human Rights, Responsibilities and Climate Change in Global Basic Rights (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2009): 227-47 - Stephen M. Gardiner, A Perfect Moral Storm: Climate Change, Intergenerational Ethics, and the Problem of Corruption, Environmental Values, 15/3 (2006): 397-413 - Axel Gosseries, On Future Generations future rights, Journal of Political Philosophy 16/4 (2008): 446-74 - Wolfgang Sachs, Climate Change and Human Rights, Development, 51/3 (2008): 332-7 Supplementary Reading: - Simon Caney, Human Rights, climate change, and discounting, Environmental Politics, 17/4 (2008): 536-555 - Partha Dasgupta, Three conceptions of intergenerational justice in Ramsays Legacy (Oxford UP, 2005):391-431 - Stephen Humphreys, ed, Human Rights and Climate Change (Cambridge UP, 2010) - International Council on Human Rights Policy, Climate Change and Human Rights: A Rough Guide (Vernier: ATAR Roto Press, 2008) - Anthony McMichael et al., Climate Change and Human Health: Present and Future Risks, The Lancet, 367/9513 (2006): 11-7 - United Nations, The Human Rights Impact of Climate Change in United Nations joint press kit for Bali climate change conference, 3-14 December 2007 - Sheila Watt-Cloutier, Climate Change and Human Rights, Human Rights Dialogue, 2/11 (2004):10-12

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Exam Briefing Note: There will always be at least 3 questions for each of the 3 sections of Part I. Note that this means that in any given year there not be an exam question on everyone of the topics covered in Part I. Sample Exam Answer 3 Questions in 3 hours. You must answer 2 questions from Section A and 1 question from Section B. Section A 1. Is political theory worthless if it cannot provide immediate guidance for real world problems? 2. Is cosmopolitanism imperialism with a human face? 3. Is ones place of birth morally arbitrary? 4. Does Peter Singers solution to global poverty demand too much from individuals in the developed world? 5. Are socioeconomic rights merely manifesto rights? 6. Does human rights discourse frame non-Westerners as savages or victims? What does this tell us about human rights as a concept? 7. Does the political conception successfully rescue human rights from the problem of foundations? 8. Is martialism a coherent ethical position? 9. Is violence justifiable when there is little prospect of success? 10. Is terrorism a label used by the strong to stigmatise the weapons of the weak? Section B 1. 2. 3. 4. Can unborn people have human rights? Do state borders impinge upon the human right to free movement? Do the MDGs have a blind spot regarding vulnerable minorities? Is the UNHRCs universal periodic review an effective means to improve the protection of human rights? 5. Is it possible to define "terrorism" objectively? 6. Is terrorism ever justified? 7. Are some terrorists more morally wrong than others? 8. Does counterterrorism involve a trade-off between morality and effectiveness? 9. Was NATOs aerial bombing in Kosovo an acceptable means of humanitarian military intervention? 10. Would the 2003 Iraq war have been justified, had it been authorized by the UN Security Council? 11. Can military intervention without the approval of relevant multilateral organizations like the UN Security Council or NATO approval ever be legitimate? 12. Are there viable alternatives to international trusteeship for rebuilding deeply divided societies in the aftermath of civil war?

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