Singular and Plural

One and many!

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What do singular and plural mean?

Singular one Plural many When a word refers to one person, animal, place or thing, it is singular in number. When it refers to more than one of the same type of thing, it is plural in number.

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What do singular and plural mean?

Singular one cow belt book ball watch crown egg dog apple

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What do singular and plural mean?

Plural many of the same type cows belts books balls watches crowns eggs dogs apples

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Show Me!
Lets see a few more examples.
Singular flower fork game lamb class I Plural flowers forks games lambs classes we
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How does it Happen?

The number of a noun is indicated by its ending. Most nouns are made plural by adding -s at the end.

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Show Me!
A few examples.
Singular teacher +s pen boy girl hill car Plural teachers pens boys girls hills cars

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What about Other Nouns?

For nouns ending in s, x, z, sh, and ch, add es at the end.
Singular watch fox witch bush brush buzz Plural watches foxes witches bushes brushes buzzes
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What about Other Nouns?

Nouns ending in f or fe form their plurals by changing the f or fe to v and adding -es.
Singular wife knife scarf wolf Plural wives knives scarves wolves

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Something funny?
But roof, proof, safe, chief and belief do not follow this rule..
Singular roof proof safe chief Plural roofs proofs safes chiefs

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What about Other Nouns?

Nouns ending in y form their plurals by changing the y to i and adding -es.

Singular family butterfly lily candy

Plural families butterflies lilies candies

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What about Other Nouns?

What if there is a vowel before the y? In that case, add -s to form the plural. Vowels are letters a,e,i,o and u.
Singular tray key day monkey Plural trays keys days monkeys
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What about Other Nouns?

If a noun ends in -o, you just add -s to form the plural.

Singular rhino kangaroo zoo video

Plural rhinos kangaroos zoos videos

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What about Other Nouns?

But with some nouns that end in -o, you add -es to form the plural.
With some nouns that end in -o, you can add either -s or -es to form the plural.
Singular tomato potato hero Plural rhinos kangaroos zoos Singular mango zero buffalo Plural mangos/ mangoes zeros/ zeroes buffalos/ buffaloes

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What about Other Nouns?

Some plural nouns dont follow the -s rule. They dont end in -s, -es, -ies or -ves. Instead, the word changes form.
Singular mouse geese foot ox man Plural mice geese feet oxen men
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What about Other Nouns?

Some plural nouns are the same as the singular noun.
Singular sheep deer reindeer fish bison Plural sheep deer reindeer fish bison
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What about Other Nouns?

Some nouns are always plural. There are no singular for them. They can be made singular by adding a pair of in front of them.
Singular Plural binoculars goggles trousers jeans spectacles
a pair of goggles a pair of jeans

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Practice
Which among these nouns are singular and which plural?
word pencils books fan loaf brushes woman toy crab foxes lady rainbow men bird hat children ox people sheep buzz
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Huh! That was a long one, right?! But now we know what to say when we see more than one taxi at the taxi-stand!

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