Molecular Weight and Atomic Weight

22.990

Na Cl
35.452

Molecular Weight or Molar Mass 22.990 + 35.452 = 58.442

Take-Home Calculations
z z z

Molecular Weight = atomic weights Mole = Weight / Molecular Weight Number of atoms or molecules = Mole x Avogadros number (6.022 x 1023) Mass of one atom = grams of an element / 6.022 X 1023

Molar Mass or Molecular Weight

z

Molar mass mass in grams numerically equal to the atomic weight of the element in grams. Molar mass or Molecular weight of NaCl = 22.990 + 35.452 = 58.442 amu amu = atomic mass unit

Molar Mass
z

How do we calculate the molar mass of a compound?

add atomic weights of each atom

The molar mass of propane, C3H8, is:

3 C = 3 12.01 amu = 36.03 amu 8 H = 8 1.01 amu = 8.08 amu Molar mass = 44.11 amu

Molar Mass

Calculate the molar mass of Ca(NO3)2?

1 Ca = 1 40.08 amu = 40.08 amu 2 N = 2 14.01 amu = 28.02 amu 6 O = 6 16.00 amu = 96.00 amu Molar mass = 164.10 amu

The Mole
z

A number of atoms, ions, or molecules that is large enough to see and handle. A mole = number of things

Just like a dozen = 12 things One mole = 6.022 x 1023 things

Avogadros number (NA) = 6.022 x 1023

The number of moles

z

How many moles of Mg atoms are present in 73.4 g of Mg?

1 mol Mg atoms ? mol Mg = 73.4 g Mg 24.30 g Mg = 3.02 mol Mg

The Mole
z

One Mole of Cl2 Contains Cl2 or 70.90 g contains 6.022 x 1023 Cl2 molecules 2(6.022 x 1023 ) Cl atoms One Mole of C3H8 Contains C3H8 or 44.11 g contains 6.022 x 1023 C3H8 molecules 3 (6.022 x 1023 ) C atoms 8 (6.022 x 1023 ) H atoms

The mass of a single atom

z

Calculate the mass of a single Mg atom, in grams, to 3 significant figures.

1 mol Mg atoms ? g Mg = 1 Mg atom 6.022 10 23 Mg atoms 24.30 g Mg 23 = 4.04 10 g Mg 1 mol Mg atoms

The number of atoms

z

How many atoms are contained in 1.67 moles of Mg?

6.022 1023 Mg atoms ? Mg atoms = 1.67 mol Mg 1 mol Mg = 1.00 1024 Mg atoms

The number of molecules

z

Calculate the number of C3H8 molecules in 74.6 g of propane.

? C 3 H 8 molecules = 74.6 g C 3 H 8 1 mole C 3 H 8 6.022 10 23 C 3 H 8 molecules = 44.11 g C H 44.11 g C 3 H 8 3 8 24 1.02 10 molecules

The number of atoms

z

Calculate the number of O atoms in 26.5 g of Li2CO3.

1 mol Li 2 CO 3 ? O atoms = 26.5 g Li 2 CO 3 73.8 g Li 2 CO 3

6.022 10 form.units Li 2 CO 3 3 O atoms = 1 mol Li 2 CO 3 1 formula unit Li 2 CO 3

23

6.49 10 23 O atoms

Percent Composition and Formulas of Compounds

z

% composition = mass of an individual element in a compound divided by the total mass of the compound x 100% Determine the percent composition of C in C3H8. mass C
%C= mass C 3 H 8 100% 3 12.01 g = 100% 44.11 g = 81.68%

Percent Composition and Formulas of Compounds

z

What is the percent composition of H in C3H8?

%H= = = mass H 100% mass C 3 H 8 8 H 100% C 3H 8

8 1.01 g 100% = 18.32 % 44.11 g or 18.32% = 100% 81.68%

Percent Composition and Formulas of Compounds

z

Calculate the percent composition of Fe2(SO4)3 to 3 significant figures

% Fe= 2Fe 100% = 255.8g 100% = 27.9%Fe 399.9g Fe (SO ) 2 43 % S = 3S 100% = 332.1g 100% = 24.1% S 399.9g Fe (SO ) 2 43 % O = 12O 100% =1216.0g 100%= 48.0%O 399.9g Fe (SO ) 2 43 Total =100%

Derivation of Formulas from Elemental Composition

z

Empirical Formula - smallest whole-number ratio of atoms present in a compound

CH2 is the empirical formula for alkenes

(CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2)

Molecular Formula - actual numbers of atoms of each element present in a molecule of the compound

Ethene CH2CH2 is C2H4 Pentene CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2 is C5H10

percent composition is determined experimentally

Derivation of Formulas from Elemental Composition

z

z z

A compound contains 24.74% K, 34.76% Mn, and 40.50% O by mass. What is its empirical formula? Make the simplifying assumption that we have 100.0 g of compound. In 100.0 g of compound there are:

24.74 g of K 34.76 g of Mn 40.50 g of O

Derivation of Formulas from Elemental Composition

1 mol K = 0.6327 mol K 39.10 g K 1 mol Mn ? mol Mn = 34.76 g Mn = 0.6327 mol Mn 54.94 g Mn ? mol K = 24.74 g K ? mol O 1mol O = 2.531 mol O 16.00 g O obtain smallest whole number ratio = 40.50 g O 0.6327 =1K 0.6327 for O for Mn 0.6327 = 1 Mn 0.6327

for K

2.531 = 4O 0.6327 thus the chemical formula is KMnO

Derivation of Formulas from Elemental Composition

z

A sample of a compound contains 6.541g of Co and 2.368g of O. What is the empirical formula for this compound?

1 mol Co ? mol Co = 6.541 g Co = 0.1110 mol Co 58.93 gCo 1mol O ? mol O = 2.368 g O = 0.1480 mol O 16.00 g O find smallest whole number ratio

Derivation of Formulas from Elemental Composition

z

A sample of a compound contains 6.541g of Co and 2.368g of O. What is the empirical formula for this compound?
0.1110 0.1480 for Co = 1 Co for O = 1.333 O 0.1110 0.1110 multipy both by 3 to turn fraction to whole number 1 Co 3 = 3 Co 1.333 O 3 = 4 O Thus the compound' s formula is : Co 3 O 4

Purity of Samples
z

The percent purity of a sample of a substance is always represented as

mass of pure substance % purity = 100% mass of sample mass of sample includes impurities

Purity of Samples
z

A bottle of sodium phosphate, Na3PO4, is 98.3% pure Na3PO4. What are the masses of Na3PO4 and impurities in 250.0 g of this sample of Na3PO4?
unit factor ? g Na 3 PO
4

98.3 g Na 3 PO 4 100.0 g sample 98.3 g Na 3 PO 4 = 250 . 0 g sample 100.0 g sample = 246 g Na 3 PO 4 = 250.0 g sample - 246 g Na 3 PO = 4.00 g impurities

? g impurities