REPORT OF GENERAL CHEMISTRY PRACTICE

SEPARATION OF A MIXTURE BASED ON THE DIFFERENCES OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COMPONENT

Group 7 Offering A 1. Setya Ika Lestari 2. Clarissa Zulzila Prajwita 3. Much. Zainul Anwar (100331404561) (100331406388) (100331404543)

CHEMISTRY LABORATORY CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF MATHEMATIC AND SCIENCE STATE UNIVERSITY OF MALANG 2011

I.

Purposes: 1. Student will be able to separate sugar fron the sugar-ethanol mixture 2. Student will be able to separate iod from the NaCl-iod mixture

II.

Theory 1. There are many technique to separate a substance from its mixture based on the differences of physical properties of a component, among other, filtration and sublimation. 2. Filtration, is a mechanical or physical process which is used for the separation of solids from fluids by intreposing a mixture through a pores material which only the fluids can pass. 3. Sublimation, is a transition of a subtance from the solid phase to the gas phase whithout passing through an intermediate liquid phase. Sublimation can be used for purification of a substance which is sublimate from its mixture. It is done by heating the mixture to sublimate substace of interest and the sublimate subsequently is passed through a low temperature room to solidify it.

III.

Result and Discussion 1. Separating of Sugar from Sugar-Ethanol

No. 1.

Procedure Place the filter paper in a funnel, moist with ethanol, pour the mixture on it. Evaporate the filter paper.

Observation Phase Color

Data Before Liquid Yellow clear solution Wet filter paper White

During Liquid Yellow clear solution Dry filter paper White

After No residue -

2.

Phase Color

Dry filter paper Brown

Discussion: In this experiment, before the filtration is done, the mixtures phase is liquid with yellow clear color. Then, the mixtures characteristic during and after the filtration still as same as before the process, but we didnt find any sugar crystal in the residue. This is because, our group had a mistake in the procedure. We had been only took the solution, so there was no residue in the filter paper. But, after the filter paper had been evaporated using evaporating dish and hot plate, the aroma of sugar could be smelled and the caramel could be identified from the filter paper that was overcooked. It is mean that there was still any a little amount of sugar that dissolved in the ethanol. The right procedure is, we had to take the solution with the sugar crystal too, that was in the bottom of the beaker glass. So, we could get the heterogenous mixture to be filtrated. Then, there should be sugar crystal in the residue of the filtration process. The final procedure is, we had to evaporated the ethanol in the filter paper to separate the mixture. Ethanol is easy to evaporated and very flameble, so it is forbiden to evaporate it using fire. The process to saturated sugar and ethanol is using filtration method. It is because this mixture is heterogenous. Heterogenous mixture is formed from two or more compounds that the solute has low solubility in the solvent. It is known from the sugar crystal that still in the bottom of the beaker glass, whenever a little amount of sugar had been solubled in the ethanol that made the solution seems yellow clear.

2. Separating of Iodine from NaCl-Iodine mixture Data Before Solid During Formed gas Color Darkbrown Purple After Crystal under watch glass

No. 1.

Procedure Take a little mixture of a NaCl-iodine, place in beaker glass, cover with watch glass, placeice on it, heat it slowly.

Observation Phase

Black

Discussion: In this second experiment, before the sublimation process, the mixtures phase is solid with darkbrown color. During the process, it formed purple gas. This gas is formed from the iodine that have been sublimated. Iodine can be seen apparently sublimating at standard temperatures into a violet-pink gas that has an irritating odor. This halogen forms compounds with many elements, but is less reactive than the other members of its Group VII (halogens) and has some metallic light reflectance. (wikipedia.org). In the same time, NaCl still in the solid phase, because between NaCl and Iodine has different boiling point. NaCl has 1413 C boiling point, that is higher than Iodine which only has 184.3 C boiling point. It is mean, when this two compound had been heated, Iodine would be evaporated first, while the NaCl still in solid. And in the final observation, after the sublimation process, there was black crystal under the watch glass. It is mean that the Iodine that was sublimated in the previous observation change into its solid phase. Bacause Iodine under standard conditions is a bluishblack solid.

IV.

Questions

1. Do you think the filtrate from the filtration process of the sugarethanol mixture is sugar free? Explain! Answer : No, I dont. I think the filtrate is not sugar free because there must be a little amount of sugar that dissolved in the ethanol. So, the sugar that dissolved was taken apart in the filtrate from the filtration process of that mixture. 2. If the filtrate is a homogenous mixture of sugar-ethanol, suggest a separation method/procedure to get ethanol! Answer : If the filtrate is a homogenous mixture, the separation method that suitable to separate them is distilation. Because, in the distilation process that useful for separating two subtances in a solution that have quite different boiling point, we can get the compound which has lower boiling point. In this case, Ethanol and sugar has high different boiling point, Ethanols boiling point is only 78 C but sugar has more than 186 C as its melting point. It is mean that during the distilation process, Ethanol will evaporate first and then condense into it liquid phase when passing the cool pipe and finally, we can get the liquid ethanol in the reciever flask. 3. Can you separate the mixture of iron powder-iodine using sublimation? Explain! Answer: Yes, we can separate the mixture using sublimation, bacause both of them has different boiling point. It is mean, Iodine that has lower boiling point, will sublimate first and as same as the second experiment, it will formed prple gas, and then cange into its silod phase to be

4. Is there any other way to separate iodine from the iron powderiodine mixture? Explain!