SDH Introductory

Overview

A comprehensive introduction to the terminology and technology that comprises Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) and the technologies carried
over SDH.

Duration - 2 Days.

Who will benefit

Network/Systems engineers/Operators/Planners, working within the SDH arena.

Prerequisites

Introduction to Telecommunications or An understanding of Telecommunications technology.

By the end of the course delegates will be able to describe:

By the end of the course delegates will be able to describe:

• The OSI Concept

• OSI Layers
• The role of Communications Layers
• Multiplexing, the PDH Hierarchy, and its limitations
• The role of the ITU-T
• The different equipment and topologies used within the SDH Network
• Hardware Components and position
• The role of the overheads and pointers
• The use of Functional Blocks
• The use of Concatenation
• The use of Synchronization
• The various methods of Protection
• Network Management
• Transportation of other Technologies

Course Content

Introduction SDH Multiplexing Technique

Overview of the OSI Concept. Multiplexing Terminology.

Description of OSI Model. Mapping and aligning Tributary signals (Containers 'C').
Description of OSI Layers Virtual Container (VC) and Path Overheads.
The Communications Layers. VC's into Tributary Units (TU).
The Role of the Transport Network. TU Pointers.
Overview of PDH. Multiplexing TU's into a Tributary Unit Group 2 (TUG2).
PDH Hierarchy. Multiplexing TUG 2's into TUG 3.
PDH Multiplexing Mapping Structure. Multiplexing TUG 3's into VC 4.
Principles of PDH Multiplexing. Multiplexing numbering scheme.
Justification. VC 4 Path Overheads.
Multiplexing Principles. KLM Numbering Scheme.
Versions of Time Division Multiplexing. Administrative Unit (AU 4) Pointer.
PDH Equipment Options ADM, TM, and DXC's. Role of the AU 3.
Limitations of PDH. Role of the Administrative Unit Group (AUG).
SDH Frame.
Scrambling in SDH.
SDH Introduction STM-N Section Overheads.
Example of a Complete STM-N.
STM-1 to STM-4 Mapping Process.
PDH-SDH Comparisons.
PDH Synchronisation.
SDH Synchronisation SDH Functional View
Advantages of SDH.
ITU-T Recommendations/Standards for SDH.
SDH and SONET Bit Rates. AU-4 Contiguous Concatenation VC 4-4c.
SDH Multiplexing Hierarchy. AU-4 Virtual Concatenation.
Analogy of SDH Multiplexing Hierarchy. Switching in SDH.
Difference between Paths and Sections. Functional Block.
Definition of Path and Section Overheads. Overview of SDH Functional Blocks.
Low Order Functional Blocks.
High Order Functional Blocks.
SDH Equipment Configurations and Topologies

SDH Network Synchronisation

SDH Electrical and Optical Interfaces.
Types of Client Traffic and Network Inputs.
SDH Equipment and their Component Parts. Network Synchronisation Methods.
Make up of STM-16 Sub Rack. One Master Clock for the whole Network.
The Digital Cross-Connect (DXC). Distributed Master Clocks.
SDH Terminal Multiplexer (TM). Synchronisation Signal from a Co-operating Network.
SDH TM Configuration examples. Jitter and Wander in SDH.
SDH Add Drop Multiplexer (ADM). ITU-T Standards for Synchronisation.
SDH ADM Configuration examples. Clock Quality.
SDH Digital Cross Connects (DXC). Primary Reference Clock (PRC).
SDH Network Sections. Clock Qualities (Caesium).
SDH Point to Point. Clock Qualities (GPS).
SDH Ring Networks. SASE and SEC, Working Modes.
SDH Star Topology. SDH Equipment Timing Sources.
SDH Meshed Network SDH Equipment Timing Options.
Example of SDH Network. Synchronisation Reference selection options.
Distribution of Timing in SDH Networks (PAMS).
SDH Protection ITU-T Rec G.803 Synch Trails.

Hardware Component Protection. SDH Auxiliary and Alarm Functionality

Power Supply Protection.
Equipment Protection 1:N.
Software and Database Protection. Optional use of Auxiliary Functionality.
Multiplexer General Block Diagram. Interaction of Maintenance Signals.
Multiplex Section Protection (MSP) 1+1, MSP 1:1, SDH Alarm Generation and Interaction.
And MSP 1:N. SDH Error Monitoring Signals and Remote Alarms.
Sub Network Connection Protection (SNCP). Examples of SDH Alarms.
Hardware Capacity in SDH. SDH System Testing.
STM-N Ring Capacity.
Dedicated Protection Ring (DPRing).
Protection Ring (MS Spring). Transportation of other Technologies over SDH

SDH Management SONET over SDH.

SONET Payload over SDH.
Mapping of ATM Cells into a VC-4.
Management Platform Responsibilities. ATM over SDH Concatenation.
Network Management Roles/Activities. Advantages of WDM over SDH.
Types of System Access for Management Control. Previous Transmission set-up.
Management Platform Functional Components. SDH and WDM Interworking.
Role of Network and Element Managers (NEM). Interfacing WDM to Other Layers.
Element Manager Functionality. WDM verses DWDM.
Network Manager Functionality. DWDM Overview.
Role of Local Controllers (LC). DWDM Regulatory Bodies.
Local Controller Functionality. Description of Closed and Open Architectures.
Management Information Base (MIB).
Access of Network from Management Platforms.
Network Service Access Point (NSAP) Addressing.
Layout of SDH DCN.
Example of Options for Access via the DCN onto SDH Network.
Network Access via DCN.
Data Flow-Logging into the Mgt Platform.
Data Flow-Managing a NE.
Data Flow-Sending SDH Commands.

Imp URL http://www.celticcommunication.com/courses/list/intro/sdh.html