September 28, 2013

Introduction to Exponential Functions

3.1

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Objectives
differentiate between linear and exponential functions identify the components of an exponential function model exponential situations with an equation solve real-world problems involving exponential functions

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Linear vs. Exponential

Linear functions increase at a constant rate. Exponential functions increase at a constant percentage.

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What is it good for?

Exponential functions are reasonable models for population growth. Exponential functions are also reasonable models for decreasing quantities.

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Percent Growth Rates and Growth Factors

Whenever you are increasing by a percentage, there are two ways to calculate the result.
1. Find the amount of growth, then add to the previous total.

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Percent Growth Rates and Growth Factors

Whenever you are increasing by a percentage, there are two ways to calculate the result.
1. Find the amount of growth, then add to the previous total. 2. Multiply by a growth factor.

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Percent Growth Rates and Growth Factors

Whenever you are increasing by a percentage, there are two ways to calculate the result.
1. Find the amount of growth, then add to the previous total. 2. Multiply by a growth factor.

It is more time efficient, and easier, to multiply by the growth factor.

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But what the heck is a growth factor? Now we'll define an exponential function and all its parts. It is very important that you learn the name of these parts and understand how they affect the function. This will figure heavily on the exam.

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Definition of an exponential function

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Definition of an exponential function

a is the initial quantity of Q (at t = 0 )

what is the ver

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Definition of an exponential function

b > 0 is the base.

why is b is called th

b is also called the

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Definition of an exponential function

b > 0 is the base, aka the growth factor

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Definition of an exponential function

b > 0 is the base, aka the growth factor

if b > 1, the function grows exponentially.

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Definition of an exponential function

what if b = 1 ? what if b < 0 ?

b > 0 is the base, aka the growth factor

if b > 1, the function grows exponentially. if 0 < b < 1, the function decreases (or "decays") exponentially

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Definition of an exponential function

b > 0 is the base, aka the growth factor

if b > 1, the function grows exponentially. if 0 < b < 1, the function decreases (or "decays") exponentially

By definition, b > 0

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Definition of an exponential function

what does that

r is the decimal representation of the percent rate of change of the function.

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Definition of an exponential function

r is the decimal representation of the percent rate of change of the function. b, the growth factor, is calculated as 1 + r

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Definition of an exponential function

r is the decimal representation of the percent rate of change of the function. b, the growth factor, is calculated as 1 + r Let me repeat: the growth factor, b = 1 + r

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Definition of an exponential function

r is the decimal representation of the percent rate of change of the function. b, the growth factor, is calculated as 1 + r Let me repeat: the growth factor, b = 1 + r b = 1 + r

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b = 1 + r

what is r?
what is b?

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b = 1 + r
Suppose b = 1.37. What is r ? What is the percent rate of growth?

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b = 1 + r
Suppose b = 0.37. What is r ? What is the percent rate of growth?

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Definition of an exponential function

a is the initial quantity of Q (at t = 0 ) b > 0, the base, is the growth factor. b > 1 means growth 0 < b < 1 means decay The growth factor, b, is given by b = 1 + r where r is the decimal representation of the percent rate of change.

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Definition of an exponential function

a is the initial quantity of Q (at t = 0 ) b > 0, the base, is the growth factor. b > 1 means growth 0 < b < 1 means decay The growth factor, b, is given by b = 1 + r where r is the decimal representation of the percent rate of change.

That's a LOT of stuff! But it's important you know it if you wish to be successful! Luckily, it's not that hard. Even better, it's a definition, so there's nothing to understand. It is what it is!

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What is the growth factor?

Water usage increases by 3% per year.

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What is the growth factor?

Water usage increases by 3% per year. r = .03 so b = 1 + r = 1.03

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What is the growth factor?

A diamond mine is depleted by 1% per day.

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What is the growth factor?

A diamond mine is depleted by 1% per day. r = -0.01 so b = 1 + r = 0.99

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What does it look like?

Growth
graph increases from left to right

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What does it look like?

Decay
graph decreases from left to right
1

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Your Turn

Identify the
starting value, a
a =

growth factor, b
b =

growth rate, r
r =

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Your Turn

Identify the
starting value, a
a = 1750

growth factor, b
b = 1.593

growth rate, r
r = 0.593

What will this graph look like?

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Your Turn

Identify the
starting value, a
a = 1750

growth factor, b
b = 1.593

growth rate, r
r = 0.593

what is the Q-intercept?

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starting value, a = growth factor, b = growth rate, r = b

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starting value, a = 3 growth factor, b = 1 growth rate, r = 0 b

What will this graph look like?

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Is this an exponential function?

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Identify the starting value, a = growth factor, b = growth rate, r = b

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Identify the starting value, a a = 79.2 growth factor, b b = 0.593 growth rate, r r = -0.407 What will this graph look like?

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Identify the starting value, a a = 79.2 growth factor, b b = 0.593 growth rate, r r = -0.407 What will this graph look like?

what is the Q intercept?

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Identify the starting value, a = growth factor, b = growth rate, r = b

Is this an exponential function?

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Percentages again
The zombie population increases from 10 to 12. By how many zombies did the population increase? By what percentage did the population increase?

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Percentages again
The zombie population increases from 10 to 12. How many did it increase? By what percentage did it increase?

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Percentages again
The goblin population increases from 100 to 102. How many did it increase? By what percentage did it increase?

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Percentages again
The goblin population increases from 100 to 102. How many did it increase? By what percentage did it increase?

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Exponential functions
Tritium decays at 5.626% per year. Write the function giving the mass of a 726 gram sample after t years.

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Exponential functions
Tritium decays at 5.626% per year. Write the function giving the mass of a 726 gram sample after t years.

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Exponential functions
Tritium decays at 5.626% per year. Write the function giving the mass of a 726 gram sample after t years.

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Exponential functions
Tritium decays at 5.626% per year. Write the function giving the mass of a 726 gram sample after t years.

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Homework

3.1 (twenty easy problems)

#2-16e, 15, 19-22, 26, 37, 40-43
LOOK AT YOUR NOTES AND DEFINITIONS! If you dont know the definitions, this will be HORRENDOUSLY DIFFICULT! DEFINITELY know this before the test!