The Congress of Vienna..An Everlasting Peace? General Winter proved to be too much for Napoleon.

Napoleon had underestimated Russias size and geography, and did not count on the Russians to retreat as often as they did and wait for winter to arrive. Additionally, Napoleon was unsuccessful in conquering Britain. Napoleon eventually had to split his army and military supplies into two halves, which resulted in his defeat. Afterwards, leaders in Europe came together to discuss the consequences of Napoleons actions, and the future of the world. The Treaty of Vienna ended the war with Napoleon. Leaders met in Vienna Austria for ten months, to discuss the peace proposal. The main goal of the Congress of Vienna was to create a lasting peace by establishing a balance of power in Europe. In this system, no country would be stronger than the other. In case a country became too powerful, leaders from the other countries agreed to come together and put down that country. The leaders also agreed to put a limit on how large one countrys army and navy could be. Another agreement coming out of the congress was the agreement to protect the monarchy. This meant that kings from across Europe would send troops and supplies to any European country on the verge of revolution. Leaders hoped this would prevent future revolutions and uprisings, and maintain (keep) a kings power. The Congresss next action included restoring (giving back) lands taken by Napoleon. All lands and countries conquered by Napoleon had to be returned to their original size and country. Additionally, the Congress of Vienna leaders agreed to return a king to their throne in each European country. This included France, as King Louis XVIII became king of France. Leaders also took land away from France, and created new countries called

Belgium and The Netherlands. Leaders hoped these new small countries would serve as a barrier, and protect them from future French invasions. The Congress of Vienna also wanted to punish France for their actions. To start, they forced sanctions (penalties) onto France. France had to pay for war-damages done to other European countries. If France could not pay these monthly sanctions, an interest charge would be placed on them increasing the money owed by France. Additionally, leaders across Europe wanted to put French generals on trial for their actions. These trials were done in other countries outside of France, which resulted in a guilty sentence for most French generals. Lastly, European countries sent a small security force into France to ensure that the people never rebelled again, and that Napoleon would never be allowed to return to France. Napoleon was banished (sent to) a small island called Elba after the war. He tried to return many times to France, but often, his attempts ended in failure and banishment back to Elba. The Congress of Vienna came away with positive and negative outcomes; the most positive being the idea of balance of power. Europe would not see a war as large as the Napoleon wars until 1914, over a hundred years later. However, the people of France suffered tremendously (a lot) for their actions.

Part 1 Answer the following question 1) A major goal of the Congress of Vienna was to A) establish democratic governments in all European nations B) create independent governments for Austria and Hungary

C) return Napoleon Bonaparte to power D) maintain a balance of power in Europe

Part 2 Complete the chart below with at least five examples Action taken by the Congress of Vienna with this action? Do you agree Why or why not?

Part 3 Do you agree with the outcomes of the Congress of Vienna? Why or why not? Will the Congress of Vienna peace terms keep everlasting peace? Why or why not?

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