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ASAP:
ENTERPRISES STRUCTURE:
3.5. EXPLAIN OVERALL SAP ENTERPRISE STRUCTURE?
CLIENT COMPANY CODE PLANT SALES ORG DIVISION STORAGE LOC
4. EXPLAIN MM ENTERPRISE STRUCTURE ELEMENTS?
CLIENT COMPANY CODE PLANT SLOC P. ORG. P GROUP
5. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPE OF PURCHASE ORGANIZATION?
Plant specific Purchase organization
Cross Plant Purchase organization
Cross Company Code Purchase organization
Standard Purchase Organization
Reference Purchase Organization
6. WHY WE MUST ASSIGN PLANT WITH COMPNAY CODE?
To maintain the valuation process and a plant is a site operating as a production facility or an individual/group of storage areas close
together for a company. A plant can only belong to only one company code.
7. WHAT IS REFERENCE PURCHASE ORGANIZATION?
A central PORG can exist side by side with local purchase organization, the local purchase department can use contracts or conditions
created by central purchase organization.
You can assign several purchasing organizations to one reference purchasing organization, but each individual purchasing organization
should be assigned to just one reference purchasing organization.
8. WHERE WE ASSIGN PURCHASING GROUP?
Nowhere – it is not an unit in the Organizational structure
9. WHAT LEVEL THE STORAGE LOCATION MAINTAINED?
Storage Location is maintained at Plant level.
MATERIAL MASTER:
10. HOW TO CHANGE MATERIAL TYPE?
Using Tcode MMAM we can change material type
Cannot be changed if stock exists or PO, Reservation, PR, Contracts & If the accounting type differs.
Initially stock has to be cleared , by moving all the material to a special stock.
11. IS IT POSSIBLE TO CHANGE VALUATION CLASS? WHAT IS THE IMPACT?
Yes, If valuated stocks already exist, you can change the valuation class only as follows:
a) Post the stocks of the material to an interim account.
b) Change the valuation class in the material master record.
c) Post the stocks of the material back to their original account.
If open purchase orders already exist, you can only change the valuation class if you first flag the corresponding purchase order items for
deletion.
If production orders exist for which a goods movement has already taken place, you can only change the valuation class if you first set
the status of the production orders to Deleted.
12. IS IT POSSIBLE TO CHANGE PRICE CONTROL? WHAT IS THE IMPACT?
Changing the material valuation price does not involve material master, it is an accounting transaction in which the total stock of the
plant is revaluated.
In price control S, if the MAP which reflect the development of the delivered price, differs too greatly from the standard price.
In price control V, the system modifies the current valuation price to suit the delivered price, you only need to change the price
manually, if there is no movement of goods for a longer period of time.
MR21- CHANGE MATERIAL PRICE
13. TELL ABOUT PURCHASING VALUE KEYS?
Key that determines reminder intervals and tolerances. The reminder intervals are specified in days, the system automatically creates
the remainder or urging letters.
14. EXPLAIN CROSS PLANT SPECIFIC MATERIAL STATUS & PLANT SPECIFIC
MATERIAL STATUS?
The cross-plant material status restricts the usability of the material for all plants, that is, it defines whether a warning or error
message is displayed if you include the material in a particular function.
The material status is defined in the material master record and depends on the material concerned. The material status can be
assigned at client level at the individual plant level.
Plant Specific material status can be set at in Purchasing view & source list, if blocking indicator set, the material cannot be
procured externally.
14. WHAT ARE THE MATERIAL TYPES YOU WORKED?
DIEN – services, FERT – finished product, HALB – semi finished, HAWA – Trading goods, ROH – raw material,
UNBW – non valuated material, VERP – packaging, NLAG – non stock material, HIBE – Consumables \ Lab chemicals
16. WHAT ABOUT CONFIGURATION OF MATERIAL TYPES?
A material type is specified for each material. The material type is part of general data.
Material type determines the views, type of Inventory management (qty/value based) on a valuation area basic, specifies that can be
included in BOM or not, can configure price control as an optional value,
The system assigns the stock a/c and consumption a/c bases on the valuation class. Account Category Reference assigns the permitted
valuation classes to the material type.
17. WHAT ARE THE VIEWS YOU WORKED IN MATERIAL MASTER?
Basic Data, Classification, Purchasing, MRP, General Plant/Storage, Accounting
18. IS THERE ANY SALES VIEW FOR ROH? IS THERE ANY PURCHASE VIEW
FOR FERT? ITS NEEDED? WHAT IS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION?
No, sales view for ROH, Yes, there is purchasing view or FERT, yes it is needful, sometimes we need to buy finished products, or the
end product of our company is a finished product.
19. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BY-PRODUCT & CO-PRODUCT?
WHERE WE MENTIONED THESE PRODUCTS?
BY-PRODUCT is like scrap which is a by product of a raw material when used for producing components,
CO-PRODUCT is two products as the same operation.
20. WHAT IS THE DIFF. BETWEEN VALUATED STOCK & NON VALUATED
STOCK?
21. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VALUATED STOCK AND NON
VALUATED STOCK?
You manage low-value advertising or office materials in a warehouse, and can get an up-to-date report on stock levels at any time.
Stock records are kept on a quantity basis, but the value is posted to a consumption a/c at the time of GR. UNBW
You cannot post a GR of non-valuated material direct into consumption. You have to post the goods into the warehouse first and then
enter the goods issue. Also include Returnable transport packaging, which is maintained as a special stock.
Generally all the material are valuated with qty/value update. Except NLAG– non value/stock material, direct post to consumption a/c.
22. HOW TO CHANGE STOCK TO NON STOCK ITEM?
Based upon the material type
23.WHAT ARE THE ALTERNATIVE UOM IN MM?
The BUM may be each, but the purchase dept. procure material in pairs, then we have to have to maintain AUOM that is
1 PAIR = 2 Each
entered in Basic data view1, additional data.
24.WHAT LEVEL THE MATERIALS ARE MAINTAINED?
The material is maintained at client level.
25.WHAT ARE THE VIEWS & FIELDS AVAILABLE IN MATERIAL MASTER?
Basic Data 1: Text, Basic UOM, Material Group, Old Material No., X Plant Material status, Dimensions (weight, volume, size),
Packaging material data, Configuration Management.
Basic Data 2: Basic Material, Design Drawing ( No link indi, Doc, Doc type, page), CAD indicator
Classification: Class, std. Class indicator, status of class, characteristics & value
Purchasing : Basic UOM, Order Unit, P Group, M Group, Plant specific Material status, Purchase Value Key, Auto PO indi.,
Batch Management indi, GR processing time, Quota arrangement usage, JIT schedule indicator
Purchase Order text: Text
MRP1 : MRP group, MRP type, ABC indicator, Reorder point, MRP controller, Lot size, Min/Max lot size,
MRP2 : Procurement Type, Quota arrangement usage, JIT del. Schedule, GR processing time, Plnd delivery time, Schedule
Margin key, Safety stock, Min safety stock
MRP3 : Forecasting ( Period indi., Fiscal year variant), Planning data (strategy group, planning material, planning plant)
Availability check,
MRP4 : storage location MRP, BOM explosion, Repetitive manufacturing
Plant/sloc1 : Unit of issue, storage bin, batch management indi., shelf life data.
Plant/sloc2 : weight\volume
Accounting1: Valuation Category, Valuation class, Price control, Price unit, Previous period/year button, std cost esti button
Accounting2: Tax data, LIFO indicatior
26.CAN WE CHANGE THE INDUSTRY SECTOR?
NO
27.HAVE YOU CREATED MATERIAL TYPES?
NO.
28.HOW TO EXTEND MATERIAL MASTER TO ANOTHER PLANT?
MM01 Using this we can extend material master by typing the another plant and system will display the message that “material already
exist will be extended and MRP type & Valuation Class, price control, price
29. WHAT IS THE USAGE OF KMAT & VARIANT CONFIGURATION?
KMAT is a configurable material .
First create class & characteristics (eg. Window / windowless envelope with various sizes) and them create material in material master
basic data 2 view, material is configurable is selected, in purchase batch indicator is selected, and then create configuration profile.
Class type 300.
LESS-IMPORTANT IN MATERIAL MASTER:
30. CHANGING BASE UOM POSSIBLE?
YES, But if no stock and no PR or PO exists, no stock in current or previous periods, clear stock using 561 movement type.
31. WHAT ABOUT NUMBER RANGE FOR MATERIAL MASTER?
Number Range is based on Material Type, Material No. can be 18 characters
32. WHAT IS THE USAGE OF HERS?
HERS – Manufacturer Parts
33. WHY MATERIAL GROUPS NEEDED?
Group together of material with same characteristics
34. HOW TO CREATE STORAGE LOCATION AUTO?
Default data can be set for the organization level like plant, sloc
35. HOW TO DELETE THE MATERIAL?
MM06 FLAG MATERIAL FOR DELETION MM16 SCHEDULE FOR DELETION
36. TELL ME ABOUT PRODUCT HIERARCHY? WHERE WE ASSIGNED?
WETT – COMPETITIVE MATERIAL. It is used for analyses and price determination.
The product hierarchy on the Basic Data screen is used to depict the competitive materials of competitor 1 in relation to those of
competitor 2. Here, your own company and its materials are also regarded as a competitor and as competitive materials respectively. You
can use this representation as a basis for market analyses.
SOURCE LIST:
50. EXPLAIN SOURCE LIST? WHAT IS THE PROBLEM IF WE DON’T CREATE
SOURCE LIST ?
The source list contains the allowed, preferred and/or blocked sources of supply for a material in a plant that are valied wihin a certain
period. Each source is defined in the source list by a source record.
Sources are administered using source lists and quota arrangements.
Source list records and quota arrangements are used in source determination
Buyers are not allowed to buy from the blocked sources.
The MRP indicator in the source list stipulates how the source defined in a source list record is taken into account in materials planning.
The purpose of source determination is to make it possible for a purchase requisition to be assigned to a source automatically.
If a source list requirement exists, a material may not be procured from other sources other than those included in the source list.
Can be maintained manually, from Outline agreement, from PIR, Automatic generation
51. WHAT ARE VIEWS & IMPORTANT FIELDS IN SOURCE LIST?
Material, Plant, Valid from, To, Vendor, Porg, Order Unit, Agreement, Fix indicatior, Blk indicator
52. WHAT LEVEL SOURCE LIST MAINTAINED?
Plant level
QUOTA ARRANGEMENT:
53. EXPLAIN ABOUT Q/A?
If a certain material is to be procured alternately from different sources of supply, these individual sources can be assigned quotas. The
quota indicate the percentages of a total requirement that are to be procured from each of the various sources over a period.
Quota arrangement usage indicator must be set in the material master record.
In planning run we can choose to allocate entire qty of quota to a single source, or split among the sources and for this splitting quota
indicator has to be set.
54. WHAT IS THE FORMULA FOR Q/A?
Quota rating = (quota allocated qty + quota base qty)/quota
You can instruct the system to calculate the quota base qty for a new source within the existing quota arrangement.
55. WHAT LEVEL Q/A MAINTAINED?
Pant level
57. WHY SYSTEM FINDS VENDOR WITH LOW QUOTA RATING?
The source with the lowest quota rating represents the effective source, even in the case of a quota rating of zero. If more that on source
has a quota rating of zero, the one with the highest quota is the effective source.
OUTLINE AGREEMENTS:
58. EXPLAIN ABOUT OUTLINE AGREEMENT & SUB DIVISIONS?
Outline agreement is a longer term purchase agreement with a vendor concerning the supply of materials or the performance of services
according to predetermined conditions. These are valid for a certain period of time and cover a predefined total purchase quantity or
value.
An outline agreement can be a contract or a scheduling agreement.
There are two types of contracts: Qty contract and Value contract
The items of a contract can relate to a single plant or all the plants covered by a purchasing organization ( centrally agreed contract )
Distributed contracts are centrally agreed contacts that are made available to other R/3 systems for the purpose of issuing release orders
against them.
Can create with reference to PR, RFQ or another O/A
59. WHAT LEVEL O/A MAINTAINED?
Purchase Organization
60. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONTRACT & S/AGREEMENT?
CONTRACT SCHEDULING AGREEMENT
Only contains overall qty or value contains specific qty & delivery date
There is no contract for STO STO S/A is available (ME37)
We cant create by referring S/A Can create by refereeing centrally agreed contract
There is distributed or centrally agreed contract Not available
Can create for Material Unknown Not available
No item categories available Item categories available
It has contract release order We generate S/A release
ME31K, to release ME35K ME31L,ME37 STO S/A, ME38- Maintain delivery schedule, ME35L - Release
CONTRACT:
61. EXPLAIN ABOUT CONTRACTS & TYPES?
A contract is a longer term agreement with a vendor to supply material for a certain period of time.
Individual delivery qty & dates are specified subsequently in contract release order issued against the contract.
Two types: Qty contract : MK, Value contract: WK
If there is a source list requirement for the plant first we create contract & then source list, otherwise we cant create contact release ordr.
62. WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANT FIELDS IN CONTRACTS?
Vendor, Agreement type, Porg, P group, Item category, a/c assignment category, validity start & end date, terms of delivery & payment,
Material, short text, Target qty, net price
63. WHAT LEVEL CONTRACT MAINTAINED?
Purchase Organization
SHEDULING AGREEMENT:
63. EXPLAIN ABOUT S/A?
Contracts only contains overall target qty or overall value. But in S/A contains specific order qtys & delivery dates.
64. WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANT FIELDS IN S/A?
Initial screen -- Vendor, agreement type, (LPA, LU), P-org, P-group, plant
Item overview screen – Material no, plant, target qty, net price, conditions.
65. WHAT LEVEL S/A MAINTAINED?
Purchase Organization level.
To create delivery schedule – ME38
Initial screen enter S/A no. and select item and select delivery schedule button, now enter delivery date, scheduled qty and save it.
Then generate the S/A release using ME84
We send to the vendor S/A release in the form of forecast delivery schedule based on previous S/A
Then the vendor send material to us.
PURCHASING:
CONSIGNMENT:
71. EXPLAIN CONSIGNMENT PROCESS?
Consignment stock is stored in company, but it is the property of vendor. Consignment stock is managed under the same no. of
company stock. KONS -
The consignment stock is valuated only when the material is withdrawn. Consignment stock is allocated to one of 3 types.
1. Unrestricted use stock 2. QI stock 3. Blocked stock
Withdraw of material from consignment stock is only possible to allocate unrestricted use (ready for use)
We can make transfer posting between the 3 stock types after GR.
In Material Master MRp2 view there is field special procurement, we have to enter 10 for consignmnet
72. WHAT IS THE FINAL PROCESS IN CONSIGNMENT?
The final step in consignment is settling consignment liabilities in - MRKO
73. WHAT ARE A/C DOC. CREATED IN CONSIGNMENT?
Consignment a/c Dr. to Liabilities from consignment store Cr. For 201K
SUB-CONTRACTING:
75. EXPLAIN SUB-CONTRACTING PROCESS?
In Sub-contracting process the vendor receives the material from the company & they produces the end products
76. HOW TO MONITORING THE S/C?
ME20 - REPORT TO MONITOR MATERIALS PROVIDED TO VENDOR
The report contains the components in the sub-contract order and listed sub-contract PO NO., the Qty of component required at certain
data.
77. HOW SCRAP HANDLED IN S/C?
Any waste generated during Sub-contract can be maintained as component with Negative qty in BOM
For scrapping 553 MT is used.
78. WHAT ARE A/C DOC. CREATED IN S/C?
79. WHAT IS S/C SUBSEQUENT ADJUSTMENT?
MB04 – SUBCONTRACT SUBSEQUENT ADJUSTMENT
If vendor informs to company after GR a greater or smaller qty actually consumed than planned
If more qty consumed enter positive qty else Negative qty (for 543, 545 Manual input not allowed)
If a component is entered for by product, we can use Movement Type 545 for GR from by-products from sub contract.
80. HOW TO RETURN MATL. TO VENDOR IF REJECTED?
122 – return delivery to vendor
RELEASE PROCEDURE:
81. EXPLAIN RELEASE PROCEDURE PR PR OR PO?
Release procedure defines the approval process for PR & other External Purchasing documents.
The objective is to use an online approval system.
82. EXPLAIN PR WITHOUT CLASSIFICATION IN R/P?
Item level only possible.
83. HOW MANY RELEASE CODES ARE POSSIBLE?
Max of 8 release codes possible.
84. CAN WE CHANGE VALUE OF R/P & WHAT EFFECTS AFTER CHANGED?
WHERE WE CAN SET?
Yes, we change in SPRO, further documents subject to release strategy will be get affected by new values.
84. WHY PR WITHOUT CLASSIFICATION AVAILABLE?
PR is an internal document, In a single PR we can have many vendors and materials, and with without classification we can release at
item level as well as header level.
86. CONVERT TO WITH CLASS. TO WITHOUT CLASS. & REVESAL POSSIBLE?
HOW?
External Documents are subject to release with classification only, PR we can create without classification or with classification and in
release group we can select the overall release and if future we can alter these.
87. TELL ME ABOUT WORK FLOW USED IN R/P?
Work flow is used to assign users or departments to the release code
88. WHAT IS COMMUNICATION STRUCTURE IN R/P?
Communication Structures are tables used to create the classes with characteristics in Release Procedures, we can
CEKKO for PO, RFQ, Contract, SA, CEBAN for PR (fields like Plant-WERKS, Net order value –GNETW)
89. CAN WE APPLY WITHOUT CLASSIFICATION TO PO?
NO
PRICING PROCEDURE:
90. EXPLAIN PROCESS OF PRICING PROCEDURE?
Pricing procedure determines how the system calculates the effective price in a purchase order
It is also used in PR/RFQ, Contract, SA
91. WHAT IS CONDITION TABLE ? CAN WE CREATE THESE TABLES?
A condition table consists of condition keys & data part. The data part contains a no. that references a record in another table.
In SAP std. System TABLE 017 has condition keys, vendor, Material.
92. TELL ME THE STRUCTURE PRICING PROCEDURE?
Condition Type -- it represents the price factors in the system. The various condition types are discount, % on disc. Custom duty.
In condition type we specify that the price factor is calculated as absolute or % on qty.
Condition Table -- A condition table consists of condition keys & data part. The data part contains a no. that references a record in
Another table.
Access Sequence -- It is a search strategy by means the system searches for valid records in various condition tables.
It consists of one or more accesses.
Some conditions have no condition tables and no access sequence eg. Header disc. Entered manually 7
supplement
Calculation Schema -- It groups together all condition types, that is used to calculate the price
We can define variety of calculation schemas for P.Org or vendors
RM0000 – To determine the purchase price in Pur. Doc.
Time independent Conditions – No validity period & scales. The conditions in PO are always time independent.
Sub-totals are created in Time-independent conditions.
95. HOW PO PICKS UP PRICING?
Based on the condition type the system searches the condition table as thru access sequence it finds the sequence and calculates price
using the defined calculation schema.
96. WHAT ARE HEADER LEVEL & ITEL LEVEL CONDITIONS?
Header level conditions are applicable for items, and item level conditions are applicable for that particular item.
Valuation String contains Transaction / Event keys. We cant assign them in R/3
First value string triggered based on Material Type, transaction, PO type, Special Stock, a/c assignment category for Movement type.
Based on the a/c assignment category, the systems proposes the a/c using transaction key GBB & a/c grouping.
101. EXPLAIN AAD WITH GR & WHAT ARE A/C DOCUMENTS CREATED
WHEN GR &IV?
300000 - Inventory Raw Material a/c Dr.
191100 - Goods receipt/Invoice receipt a/c Cr.
If no material master exist you need a material desc., material group & account assignment
If material exist and it refers a particular dept. you need manual a/c assignment.
103. WHAT IS VALUATION LEVEL?
Valuation level can be Company code or Plant, SAP recommends Plant level valuation
SPLIT VALUATION:
106. WHAT IS THE DIFF. BETWEEN BATCH MANAGEMNT & USING VALUATION
CATEGORY ‘X’?
Reason for Batch Management – 1. Defect tracking, Call back activities used for hazardous materials, chemicals & pharma.
Batch levels – 1. Plant 2. Material 3. Client SAP recommends plant level in SPRO
We can use split valuation for batches if value based IM, The Batch No. is Valuation type.
Valuation category ‘x’ is used for Batch Management, and The Batch No. itself is the Valuation type.
107. WHY MAP USED IN SPLIT VALUATION?
Moving Average Price is used because, is a material is created using split valuation, it indicates that the procurement is subject to change
often and the stock should be valuated accordingly.
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT:
Transfer Posting with SD - GI with MT 351 -- transfer posting to stock in transit from Unrestricted use.
113. WHAT IS GR/IR DOCUMENT TYPES?
By what means goods is received 1. PO, Others, Reservation, Inbound delivery, Outbound delivery
If you plan pick, pack, Transport , you can post goods movement via. Shipping application component, The system takes into account
all the points that are involved in shipping. To create a delivery via shipping VL01N to create Outbound delivery for a PO
Inbound delivery
PHYSICAL INVENTORY:
114. HOW PHYSICAL INVENTORY CARRIED OUT IN COMPANIES?
Physical Inventory is carried out by means of comparing the actual physical stock with that of the system stock.
115. EXPLAIN THE PROCESS OF PI?
Regardless of the Physical inventory method, the process of physical inventory can be divided into 3 phases:
1. Physical Inventory Preparation
- Create a physical inventory document. MI01
- Block Materials for Posting
- Print and distribute the physical inventory document,
In conventional invoice verification 1. Parking Invoices & 2. Posting directly to material or G/L a/c is possible
In LIV 1.Distributed systems, 2.unlimited multiple selection 3.posting in background 4.invoice reduction 5.Invoices for BPO
6.Installment conditions 7.Cross company code posting are possible.
125. WHAT ARE THE A/C DOC CREATED IN IV?
GR/IR clearing a/c Dr. To Vendor a/c Cr.
126. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CREDIT MEMO & INVOICE?
You usually receive credit memos from vendor if you were overcharged.
A credit memo can be entered with reference to a PO or GR
You must post the credit memo as a subsequent debit/credit.
The total quantity invoiced for PO item remains the same, the total value invoiced is reduced.
The system posts credit memo to the same a/c, but with +,- signs.
127. WHAT WE HAVE TO DO IF GR QTY & IV QTY MISSMATCHED OR
REVERSAL & WHAT ARE THE A/C DOC CREATED IN GR/IR CLEARING?
We can post invoice only to the GR qty
The system credits/debits the stock a/c as a result of your clearing the GR/IR a/c. For a material with MAP the system cr/dt the stock a/c
only if there is sufficient stock coverage otherwise, it makes the posting to a price difference a.c
** you cannot reverse this documents.
127. WHAT ARE THE DIFF. TYPE OF VARIANCES IN IV?
Quantity variances – Delivered qty - already invoiced with inv. Qty
Price variance – Compares PO price with the Invoice price
PO Qty Price variances: - GR before IR,
Date variance - Compares pladned delivery date to the Invoice entry date. [schedule variance)
MM TABLES:
128. TELL ME ABOUT SOME OF MM TABLES & FIELDS?
MARA – General material data
MATNR – Material No MTART – Material Type MATKL – Material group MEINS – Base UOM
BUSINESS PROCESS:
CIN :
134. EXPLAIN ABOUT CIN ,CENVAT,VAT & ETC…?
CIN is an add-on component for SAP
It features India specific requirements
1.Excise 2.CENVAT 3.sales tax 4.OCTROI 5.TAX-TDS
CIN integrated with FI, MM, SD
In MM we can post
1. The vendors excise invoice
2. Special procedures for subcontract
3. Creation of excise registers
4. Material valuated based on vendors excise invoice
Process
PO-ME27N Excise Invoice capture JLIEX_C MIGO Verify & post Excise Invoice J1IEX_P MIRO (with excise & S Tax)
BATCH MANAGEMENT:
135. EXPLAIN BATCH MANAGEMENT?
The reason for Batch Management are 1.Defect tracking, 2.Call back activities used for hazardous materials, chemicals & pharma.
We have to set characteristics ie. Properties class type: -022 at plant level, -023 at client level
We can use split valuation for batches if the value based IM.
The Batch No. is valuation type
VENDOR EVALUATION: