Mechatronics Introduction to Mechatronics Mechatronics is synergistic integration of mechanical engineering, electronics and intelligent computer control in design and

manufacture of products and processes

Implementing electronic controls in a mechanical system Enhancing existing mechanical designs with intelligent controls replacing mechanical components with an electronic solution Benefits of Mechatronics More features Higher precision User friendly More flexible Lower cost Environmentally friendly Safer Greater reliability More efficient Smaller geometry System A system is one which has an i/p and o/p .it is only the relationship between the o/p and i/p .a system may be defined as an orderly combination or arrangement of elements, devices, components etc, into the single unit to carry out certain well defined function. A system is an assemble of device and components connected or related by some form of regular interaction , to form the organization as a whole and producing an output corresponding to a given input by performing specified task

Input Power Electric Motor

Output Rotation

By.S.S.Sadat Lect. Dept of Mechanical Engg. 329 Malik Sandal Polytechnic Bijapur -1-

Mechatronics Measurement System It is used for making measurement, where as the input to a measuring system is known as measurand and the output is called measurement. A group of elements forming a system to carry out the act of measurements. It has its i/p the quantity being measured and its o/p the value of the quantity ex temperature measurement system

Input Heat thermometer

Output Temperature

Control System The term control implies to regulate, direct or command. A controlled system can be used to control its output to specific value or specific sequence of data. A group of device or components or elements which maintain the required output based on the preset or predefined level or quantity, by controlling or manipulating the parameters responsible for the output constitutes a control system. The is used to control its o/p to some particular value or particular sequence of value Ex temperature control unit, speed control unit sound controllers unit etc.

Input Fan Required power

Output Required speed

Input Required temp

Central heating system

Output

Block Diagram of Measurement System

Sensors
Quality being Measured

Signal conditioning

display

Power supply
By.S.S.Sadat Lect. Dept of Mechanical Engg. 329 Malik Sandal Polytechnic Bijapur -2-

Mechatronics In general the elements of systems may be classified in to three types. 1. Sensor 2. Signal Conditioner 3. Display Unit. Sensor It sense like human sense organs and perform work accordingly capabilities of sensors like audibility, vision, touch and sense. It is a device or transducer that senses and detects the information about its surroundings and transfers it to the other controller It is an element which converts quantity being measure into some other form, generally electrical form it responds to the quantity being measured by as its output, the signal which is related to the quantity. Ex A thermocouple is a temperature sensor i/p is temp and o/p is electromotive force which is related to temp value

to accept the signal from the detector and to modify it in a Way acceptable to the display unit.

Signal Conditioner It is a device connected to the sensor which receives the output signal of the sensor and converts it into suitable usable, measurable levels of signals. It takes the signal from the sensor and manipulates it into a condition which is suitable for either display or control system. Ex o/p from a thermocouple is small emf and might be fed through an amplifier to obtain bigger signal the amplifier is the signal conditioner. Display System This unit displays the output of the signal conditioner and this display will be quantitative form of measuring input. In this, the o/p from the signal conditioner is displayed Ex: digital thermometer. Control system: It is a system which is used to control the system requirements as per the instructions with feed back. It should be more accurate and consistant. Temperature liquid level, fluid flow, pressure etc. are maintained constant using control system There are two basic forms of control system 1 open loop system 2 close loop system By.S.S.Sadat Lect. Dept of Mechanical Engg. 329 Malik Sandal Polytechnic Bijapur -3-

Mechatronics 1 open loop system The term open loop control means that since the loop is open there is no feedback and the action of the controller has no reference to the result it produces. This system is very simple low cost with good reliability. But it is more of inaccuracy. Since there is no correction for error. For applications that do not require extremely accurate positioning this system is quite excellent.

Input

Control system

Output

Advantages of open loop system 1) Relatively simple 2) low cost 3) reliability 4) easy to maintain 5 ) no stability problems Disadvantages 1 no monitored controlled 2) no accuracy 3) correction is not possible 4) no comparison between actual and desired values of variable. 2 Close Loop System It has a feedback system. Feed back system permits the output to be compared with the reference input so that appropriate controlling action can be achieved. In this system the output have an effect on the input signal at the required value. It monitors constantly and continuously the output value with respect to input value. Comparison unit Input Required value or reference value

Control unit

Correction unit

Process

Controlled variable

Feed Back Unit

Following are the basic elements of closed loop system 1. Comparison unit 2. Control unit 3.Correction unit 4. Process unit 5. Measurement unit or feed back device Advantages 1) Accurate 2) Matches the actual value to the required values Disadvantages 1) More complex 2) More costly

By.S.S.Sadat Lect. Dept of Mechanical Engg. 329 Malik Sandal Polytechnic Bijapur -4-