morales (om3263) HW12 rusin (55220) This print-out should have 22 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. One more HW that will due on Tuesday night. Then come the test Wednesday morning, then a holiday. The remaining homeworks will once again be due at the end of the week. 001 10.0 points rect

2.

cor-

The Texas Calculus weather map shown below

3.

has high pressure and low pressure areas as well as isobars indicated by color. Which of the following shows also the wind ow.

4.

1.

Explanation: Wind ows from high pressure areas to low pressure areas. The wind ow will also be perpendicular to the isobars. Consequently, the wind ow is indicated by

morales (om3263) HW12 rusin (55220) Now z = 2x 3y, x while z = 3x + 2y, y y = s. t x = 4 t

Thus z = 4(2x 3y ) + s(3x + 2y ) . t Consequently, z = 8x + 12y 3xs + 2ys . t 003 002 10.0 points z when t
2

10.0 points
F

Use the Chain Rule to nd

2

z z y = F to nd for Use the equation y y z xe8y + 6yz + ze2x = 0 . 1. 2. 3. 8e8y + 6y z = y 6z + e2x e2x + 6y z = y 6z + 8xe8y z 8e8y + 6y = y 6z + 2e2x

z = x 3xy + y , and x = 3s 4t , y = st .

z = 6x 9y 3xt + 2yt 1. t 2. z = 6x 9y 3xs + 2ys t

z 8xe8y + 6z 4. = correct y 6y + e2x 5. 8xe8y + 6z z = y 6y + 2e2x

z = 6x + 12y 3xt + 2yt 3. t z = 8x + 12y 3xt + 2yt 4. t 5. 6. z = 8x 9y 3xs + 2ys t z = 8x + 12y 3xs + 2ys correct t

Explanation: 004 10.0 points

The temperature at a point (x, y ) in the plane is T (x, y )C. If a bug crawls on the plane so that its position in the plane after t minutes is given by (x(t), y (t)) where 1 y = 5 + t, 2 determine how fast the temperature is rising on the bugs path at t = 2 when x = 2 + t, Tx (2, 6) = 20 , Ty (2, 6) = 2 .

Explanation: By the Chain Rule for Partial Dierentiation, z z x z y = + . t x t y t

morales (om3263) HW12 rusin (55220) 1. rate = 2 C/min 2. rate = 4 C/min 3. rate = 3 C/min 4. rate = 6 C/min correct 5. rate = 5 C/min Explanation: By the Chain Rule for partial dierentiation, the rate of change of temperature on the bugs path at (x(t), y (t)) is given by dT dT (x(t), y (t)) = dt dt = Now 1 dx = , dt 2 2+t 1 dy = . dt 2 = But T dx T dy + . x dt y dt 2. rate = 22 cu. ins/min 3. rate = 18 cu. ins/min correct 4. rate = 20 cu. ins/min 5. rate = 19 cu. ins/min

Explanation: The volume of a right circular cone having base r radius and height h is given by V = 1 2 r h . 3

When h and r are changing with t, then by the Chain Rule the rate of change of V with respect to t is given by dV V dr V dh = + dt r dt h dt dr 1 dh 2 rh + r 2 . 3 dt 3 dt dh = 2, dt

But when t = 2, the bug is at the point (2, 6), while dx dt

t=2

dr = 3, dt in which case

1 2 2+t

t=2

1 , 4

dy dt

t=2

1 , 2

2 dV = 2rh + r 2 . dt 3 Consequently, when r = 3 and h = 2,

and we are told that Tx (2, 6) = 20 , Ty (2, 6) = 2 .

Consequently, after 2 minutes the temperature on the bugs path is changing at a 1 1 rate = 20 + 2 = 6 C/min . 4 2 005 10.0 points

dV dlt

(r =3, h=2)

= 18 cu.in./min. . 10.0 points

006

Find the directional derivative, fv , of f (x, y ) = 4x 3y

The radius of the base of a right circular cone is increasing at a rate of 3 ins/min while its height is increasing at a rate of 2 ins/min. At what rate is the volume of the cone changing when the radius is 3 inches and the height is 2 inches? 1. rate = 21 cu. ins/min

at the point (3, 2) in the direction v = i j. 1. fv = 5 12 1 12

2. fv =

morales (om3263) HW12 rusin (55220) 3. fv = 4. fv = 5. fv = 1 12 7 correct 12 1 4 keywords: 007 10.0 points

Find the maximum slope on the graph of f (x, y ) = 3 sin(xy ) at the point P (2, 0). 1. max slope = , 2. max slope = 3 3. max slope = 3 4. max slope = 2 5. max slope = 1 6. max slope = 2 7. max slope = 6 8. max slope = 6 correct Explanation: At P (2, 0, 0) the slope in the direction of v is given by f But when f (x, y ) = 3 sin(xy ) , the gradient of f is f (x, y ) = 3y cos(xy ) i + 3x cos(xy ) j , so at P (2, 0) f
(2,0)

Explanation: For an arbitrary vector v, f v = f v |v |

where we have normalized the direction vector so that it has unit length. Now the partial derivatives of f (x, y ) = are given by f 2 = , x 4x 3y and 3 f = . y 2 4x 3y f f i+ j x y 4x 3y

Thus

f (x, y ) = = and so

3 2 i j, 4x 3y 2 4x 3y

(2,0)

v |v |

1 1 2 i j . f (3, 2) = 2 2 3 On the other hand, v = ij But then f v |v | 1 2 1 = i j ( i j) . 2 3 2 = v 1 = ( i j) . |v | 2

= 6j.

Consequently, fv = 1 2 1 + 2 3 2 = 7 . 12

Consequently, the slope at P will be maximized when v = j in which case max slope = 6 .

morales (om3263) HW12 rusin (55220) keywords: slope, gradient, trig function, maximum slope 008 10.0 points 009 10.0 points

Find the equation of the tangent plane to the surface 4x2 + 3y 2 + 5z 2 = 53 at the point (3, 2, 1) . 1. 12x + 6y + 5z = 53 2. 12x 6y + 5z = 53 correct 3. 12x + 6y + 5z = 29 4. 4x 3y + 5z = 53 5. 12x 6y + 5z = 29 Explanation: Let F ( x) = 4 x2 + 3 y 2 + 5 z 2 . The equation to the tangent plane to the surface at the point P (3, 2, 1) is given by Fx
P

Suppose that over a certain region of space the electrical potential V is given by V (x, y, z ) = 4x2 4xy + xyz . Find the rate of change of the potential at P (3, 1, 2) in the direction of the vector v = i + j k. 13 1. 3 2. 13 13 3. correct 3 4. 13 3

5. 13 Explanation: The rate of change at P (3, 1, 2) is given by Du V = V (3, 1, 2) Now, when V (x, y, z ) = 4x2 4xy + xyz it follows that V = 8x 4y + yz, 4x + xz, xy and Consequently, V (3, 1, 2) = 22, 6, 3 . 1, 1, 1 3 13 = . 3 v . |v |

(x 3) + Fy

(y + 2) + Fz

(z 1) = 0 .

Since Fx = 8x , Fy = 6y , and Fz = 10z , Fz

P

Fx Fy

= 24, = 12, = 10

it follows that the equation of the tangent plane is 12x 6y + 5z = 53 . keywords: 010 10.0 points

Du V = 22, 6, 3

keywords:

morales (om3263) HW12 rusin (55220) Suppose (1, 1) is a critical point of a function f having continuous second derivatives such that fxx (1, 1) = 5, fxy (1, 1) = 2,
3 2 1 0 -1 -2

P Q
0

fyy (1, 1) = 4 . Which of the following properties does f have at (1, 1)? 1. a local minimum correct 2. a saddle point 3. a local maximum Explanation: Since (1, 1) is a critical point, the Second Derivative test ensures that f will have (i) a local minimum at (1, 1) if fxx (1, 1) > 0, fyy (1, 1) > 0,

R
2 1 0 -1 -2 -3

A. local maximum at P , B. local maximum at Q, C. local minimum at R. 1. none of them correct 2. B only 3. A and B only 4. all of them 5. A and C only 6. A only

fxx (1, 1)fyy (1, 1) > (fxy (1, 1))2 , (ii) a local maximum at (1, 1) if fxx (1, 1) < 0, fyy (1, 1) < 0,

fxx (1, 1)fyy (1, 1) > (fxy (1, 1))2 , (iii) a saddle point at (1, 1) if fxx (1, 1)fyy (1, 1) < (fxy (1, 1))2 . From the given values of the second derivatives of f at (1, 1), it thus follows that f has a local minimum at (1, 1). 011 10.0 points

7. B and C only 8. C only Explanation: A. FALSE: the contours near P are closed curves enclosing P and the contours decrease in value as we approch P . So the surface has a local minimum at P , not a local maximum. B. FALSE: the point Q lies on the 0contour and this contour divides the region near Q into two regions. In one region the contours have values increasing to 0, while in the other the contours have values decreasing to 0. So the surface does not have a local minimum at Q.

In the contour map below identify the points P, Q, and R as local minima, local maxima, or neither.

morales (om3263) HW12 rusin (55220) C. FALSE: the contours near R are closed curves enclosing R and the contours increase in value as we approch R. So the surface has a local maximum at R, not a local minimum. keywords: contour map, local extrema, True/False, 012 10.0 points

Consequently, by the second derivative test, f has a local max at 3 1 , 2 3 .

013

10.0 points

Locate and classify the critical point of f (x, y ) = xy + 2y 2 2y ln(xy ) for x, y > 0. 1. saddle-point at 2, 1 2 1 2

Locate and classify the local extremum of the function f (x, y ) = 3 + 6x + 2y 2x2 3y 2 . 1. local min at 3 1 , 2 3 1 , 1 2

2. local maximum at 2, 3. saddle-point at 1, 1

2. saddle-point at 3. local min at

1 , 1 2 3 1 , 2 3 1 , 1 2 3 1 , 2 3 correct

4. local maximum at 1, 1 5. local minimum at 1, 1 6. local minimum at 2, 1 correct 2

4. saddle-point at 5. local max at 6. local max at

Explanation: Dierentiating once we see that f x = 6 4x , fy = 2 6y.

Explanation: The critical point of f is the common solution of the equations 1 f = y = 0, x x and f 1 = x + 4y 2 = 0. y y Now the rst equation says that x = 1/y , which after substitution in the second gives 4y 2 = 0 . 1 . But 2 after dierentiation once again we see that Thus f has a critical point at 2, fxx = 1 1 , fyy = 2 + 4, fxy = 1. 2 x y

At a local extremum the rst partial derivatives are zero. Thus 6 4x = 0 , 2 6y = 0,

3 1 so f has a local extremum at . , 2 3 To classify this local extremum we use the second derivative test with fxx = 4, For then fxx < 0 , fyy < 0 ,
2 fxx fyy fxy > 0.

fxy = 0,

fyy = 6 .

morales (om3263) HW12 rusin (55220) Consequently, at the critical point of f , A = fxx while C = fyy Since AC B 2 = 1 8 1 = 1 > 0, 4 2,
1 2 1 2, 2

1 = > 0, B = 1, 4

5. at a vertex of D Explanation: Now the absolute maximum of f (x, y ) = x2 2y 2 x + y on D occurs either at a critical point of f inside D or at a point on the sides of D. But f = 2x 1 , x f = 1 4y , y

= 8 > 0.

the second derivative test thus shows that f has a 1 local minimum at 2, 2 014 10.0 points .

so f has only one critical point and it occurs at (1/2, 1/4), a point inside D since the graph shows that D = (x, y ) : 0 y x , 0 x 1 .

Locate the point at which the function f (x, y ) = x2 2y 2 x + y has its absolute maximum on the shaded triangular region D shown in y 1

At this critical point f 1 1 , 2 4 1 = . 8

We next check the maximum value of f on the sides of D. At the vertices of D, f (0, 0) = 0, while on (i) side 1: here x = 1 and f (1, 0) = 0, f (1, 1) = 1 ,

side 1

D x
side 2

1 f (1, y ) = y 2y 2 = 2 y 2 y 2 = 2 in which case max f = max

0<y<1

sid e

1 4

1 16

1 1 2 y 8 4

1. on side 3 but not at an end-point 2. on side 2 but not at an end-point 3. at a critical point inside D 4. on side 1 but not at an end-point correct

1 1 2 y 8 4 1 4 = 1 , 8

= f 1,

(ii) side 2: here y = 0 and f (x, 0) = x2 x = x 1 2

2

1 , 4

morales (om3263) HW12 rusin (55220) in which case max f = max

0x1

1 2

1 4

The distance from the origin to a point (x, y, x) on the surface is d = x2 + y 2 + z 2 where z 2 = xy + 25, so we minimize d2 = x2 + y 2 + xy + 25 = f (x, y ) . But thene

= f (0, 0) = f (1, 0) = 0 . (iii) side 3: here y = x and f (x, x) = x , in which case max f = max (x2 ) = f (0, 0) = 0 ,
0x1 2

f x = 2x + y ,

f y = 2y + x ,

so, the critical points are the common solutions of the equations 2x + y = 0 , 2y + x = 0 . Thus the only critical point is (0, 0).

Consequently, on D 1 1 max f = max 1 , , 0 , 8 8 1 1 , = f 1, = 8 4 and this occurs on side 1 but not at an end-point .

To determine the behavior of f at (0, 0) we need to compute the values of the second derivatives at this point. Now A = fxx
(0,0)

= 2,

C = fyy
(0,0)

(0,0)

= 2,

B = fxy and so

= 1,

keywords: 015 10.0 points

Consequently,the points on the surface closest to the origin are (0, 0, 5) , (0, 0, 5) .

at (0, 0). Thus by the Second DerivativeTest, (0, 0) is a minumum. But at (0, 0), we see that z 2 = 25, i .e ., z = 5.

B 2 AC = 3 > 0

Find the points on the surface z 2 = xy + 25 that are closest to the origin. 1. (0, 0, 5), (0, 0, 5) correct 2. (2, 8, 3), (2, 8, 3) 3. (5, 5, 0), (5, 5, 0) 4. (4, 4, 3), (4, 4, 3) 5. (4, 4, 3), (4, 4, 3) Explanation:

016 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A rectangular box

x y

morales (om3263) HW12 rusin (55220) with no top and two parallel partitions is to be constructed. The box is to have a volume of 8 cubic inches. (i) Determine the amount A of material needed to construct the box in terms of the length x and width y of the box (assume no material is wasted). 1. A(x, y ) = xy + 2. A(x, y ) = xy + 16 32 + correct y x 32 32 + y x 4. length = 8, 5. length = 2, 6. length = 4, width = 4 width = 2 width = 2 correct

10

Explanation: We have to minimize the function 16 32 + . A(x, y ) = xy + y x Now, after dierentiation, Ax = y 32 , x2 Ay = x 16 . y2

16 16 + 3. A(x, y ) = xy + x y 16 32 + 4. A(x, y ) = xy + x y 16 32 5. A(x, y ) = 2xy + + y x Explanation: When the box has length x, width y and height z , the material A in the box is given by A(x, y, z ) = xy + 2xz + 4yz

The critical point of A thus occurs at the solution of the equations y = 32 , x2 x = 16 , y2

i.e., at (4, 2). To check this gives a local minimum of A, observe that A = Axx C = Ayy
(4,2)

64 x3 32 y3

x=4

= 1 > 0,

since the box has no top but has two parallel partitions in the y -direction. On the other hand, the box has volume 8 cubic inches, so xyz = 8 . Eliminating z from these two equations we thus see that A(x, y ) = xy + 16 32 + . y x

(4, 2)

y=2

= 4 > 0,

and B = Axy
(4,2)

= 1,

so AC B 2 > 0 at the critical point. Consequently, A = A(x, y ) has a local minimum at (4, 2), showing that the least amount of materials will be used in the construction of the box when length = 4, width = 2 .

017 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points (ii) Find the dimensions of the box that will require the least amount of material to be used in its construction. 1. length = 2, 2. length = 4, 3. length = 8, width = 4 width = 4 width = 2

keywords: optimization, partial dierentiation, application 018 10.0 points

Find the x-intercept of the Least Squares Regression line y = mx + b that best ts the data points (1, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3) .

morales (om3263) HW12 rusin (55220) 2 1. x-intercept = correct 3 1 2. x-intercept = 3 3. x-intercept = 0 4. x-intercept = 5. x-intercept = 1 3 2 3

11

Use the method of Lagrange multipliers to minimize f (x, y ) = x2 + 3y 2 subject to the constraint x+y = 1. 1. min value = 2. min value = 3. min value = 1 4 1 4 3 correct 4

Explanation: To nd the Least Squares Regression line for the given data set we have to minimize the function E (m, b) = (m + b + 1)2 + (b 2)2 + (m + b + 3)2 . This minimum will occur at a critical point of E , i.e., when E = 2(m + b + 1) m + 2(m + b + 3) = 0 , and E = 2(m + b + 1) b + 2(b 2) + 2(m + b + 3) = 0 . After simplication these equations become 4m + 4 = 0, 6b + 4 = 0 .

4. min value = 0 5. min value = 1 2

6. no min value exists Explanation: Set g (x, y ) = x + y 1 .

Then by the method of Lagrange multipliers the extreme values of f under the constraint g = 0 occur at solutions of f = g , But when f (x, y ) = x2 + 3y 2 we see that f = 2 x i + 6 x j . Since g = i + j , the equation f = g thus becomes 2x i + 6y j = (i + j) . After comparing coecients this reduces to the pair of equations = 2x , = 6y , g (x, y ) = 0 .

Consequently, the Least Squares Regression line is 2 y = x , 3 and it has 2 x-intercept = 3 019 10.0 points .

morales (om3263) HW12 rusin (55220) 1 i.e., y = x. But we still have the constraint 3 equation g (x, y ) = x + y 1 = 0 . Substituting y = 1 x gives 3 z

12

1 4 x+ x1 = x 1 = 0. 3 3 Consequently, the only solution of f = g , occurs at (x, y ) = and at this point f 3 1 , 4 4 = 3 . 4 3 1 , , 4 4 g (x, y ) = 0 ,

while the graph of g (x, y ) = x + y 1 = 0 in 3-space is a vertical plane. Minimizing f on g = 0 corresponds to nding the height of the lowest point on the intersection of this vertical plane with the paraboloid. Since the intersection will be a parabola opening upwards, again we see that f has a minimum on g = 0 and this min value = 3 . 4

But is this a maximum or a minimum value? There are several ways of deciding this, algebraically and graphically. Which to use depends on f and g . Notice rst that if we solve for y in the constraint equation, then y = 1 x, and so on g = 0, the function f becomes f (x, 1 x) = x2 + 3(1 x)2 . Its graph is a parabola opening upwards, and such a parabola has a minimum value. Of course, we could have solved the problem by nding this minimum value with single variable calculus techniques without using Lagrange multipliers, but the problem did ask us to use Lagrange multipliers!! Graphically, we could draw the contour map for f , superimpose the graph of g = 0, and then look for points where the the contour lines for f are tangential to the graph of g = 0. Alternatively, we can note that the graph of z = f (x, y ) = x2 + 3y 2 is a paraboloid

keywords: Lagrange multipliers, optimization, gradient, quadratic function, constraint, constrained optimization, 020 10.0 points

Use Lagrange multipliers to nd the maximum and minimum values of the function f (x, y ) = 5x2 y , subject to the constraint 5x2 + 3y 2 = 225 . 1. fmax = 0, fmin = 18750 2. fmax = 750, fmin = 0 3. fmax = 18750, fmin = 18750 4. fmax = 750, fmin = 750 correct

morales (om3263) HW12 rusin (55220) in which case 5. fmax = 3750, fmin = 3750 Explanation: 021 10.0 points Thus (P )(x, y ) = 6x3/5 y 2/5 2y, 3x . On the other hand, (g )(x, y ) = 100, 200 .

13

By investing x units of labor and y units of capital, JohnsTees can produce P (x, y ) = 30x2/5 y 3/5 T-shirts. Use Lagrange Multipliers to determine the maximum number of T-shirts that can be produced on a budget of $10, 000 if labor costs $100 per unit and capital costs $200 per unit. 1. max # = 1009 correct 2. max # = 1019 3. max # = 999 4. max # = 1039 5. max # = 1029 Explanation: When $10, 000 is available and labor costs $100 per unit while capital costs $200 per unit, then 10, 000 = 100x + 200y . To maximize production, therefore, we have to maximize P (x, y ) = 30x2/5 y 3/5 subject to the constraint g (x, y ) = 100x + 200y 10, 000 = 0 . By the method of Lagrange Multipliers, the maximum value of P occurs at solutions of (f )(x, y ) = (g )(x, y ) , Now g (x, y ) = 0 .

6x3/5 y 2/5 2y = 100 , 6x3/5 y 2/5 3x = 200 , and so 6x3/5 y 2/5 i.e., y = (3/4)x. But we still have the constraint condition g (x, y ) = 100x + 200y 10, 000 = 0 . = 3x 2y = , 100 200

Substituting in for y = (3/4)x and solving for x, we nd that x = 40 , y = 30 . Consequently, since P (40, 30) = 30(40)2/5 (30)3/5 1009.76 , the maximum number of T-shirts that can be produced is 1009. keywords: 022 10.0 points

Use Lagrange multipliers to nd the maximum value of the function f (x, y, z ) = x + 2y subject to the constraints x+y +z = 1, 1. 4 5 2 2. 1 5 2 3. 1 + 5 2 correct 4. 1 + 6 5 5. 4 5 5 Explanation: y 2 + z 2 = 25 .

P 2 = 30 x3/5 y 3/5 , x 5 P 3 = 30 x2/5 y 2/5 , y 5