Mesopotamia

Languages spoken in Northern Mesopotamia and related to languages like Aramaic and Hebrew belong to which language family? Answer : Semitic The system of mathematics used by the Sumerians which was based around the number 60 is known as what kind of a system? Answer: Sexagesimal How many months did the Sumerian calendar have in a typical year? Answer: 12 The term for the management of water resources including the construction of dikes and storage facilities is Answer: irrigation Hammurabi was the king of which empire? Answer: Babylonean The monumental temples built in Mesopotamian cities were known as? Answer: Ziggurates Sargon was the founder of which empire? Answer: Akkadian

Which of the following was a legendary Mesopotamian ruler who sought eternal life? Answer: Gilgamesh The name of the writing system developed in Mesopotamia was called Answer: Cuneiform

According to the Hymn to Osiris, who is Osiris' son? Answer: Horus Egypt The Delta region of the Nile is located in Answer: Upper Egy pt. Northern Egypt is also referred to as Answer: Lower Egypt The Asiatic people who ruled Lower Egypt in the Second Intermediate period are better known as Answer: Hyksos The earliest pyramid was built by which pharaoh? Answer: Djoser The pyramids at Giza were built during which period of Egyptian history? Answer: Old Kingdom Southern Egypt is also referred to as Answer: Upper Egypt. The Egyptian goddess who represents truth, justice and cosmic order is known as Answer: Maat

Which pharaoh's tomb was found most intact by modern archaeologists? Answer: tutanhamomum. Most new Kingdom pharaohs had their tombs built in cliffs located at Answer: The Valley of Kings Which pharaoh challenged traditional Egyptian faith by elevating the disc of the sun, the Aten, above the rest of the gods? Answer: Akhenaten Where was the great Temple of Karnak dedicated to the god Amun located? Answer: Thebes From where did the Sea People who attacked Egypt and were defeated by the pharaoh Merneptah come? Answer: The Mediterenian The Satire of the Trades claims to have been written by Dua-Khety. A female pharaoh was named Answer: Hatshepsut. Which pharaoh fought the Hittites at the Battle of Kadesh? Answer: Ramses II During which Dynasty did the Egyptian Book of the Dead attain its final form? Ans: XXVI

The broad belt of Savanna and Sahel below the Sahara which stretches across the entire continent of Africa is known as Sudan The Hittite Empire was located in which area? Asia

Around which year did the Iron Age begin in the ancient Near East? 1100 BC

Which people created an empire stretching from Mesopotamia to Egypt following the end of the Bronze Age? Assyrians Egyptian Dynasty XXV originated in which area? Kush

Which desert is located in southwestern Africa? Kalahari Around which year did the Hittite kingdom collapse? 1200 BC

The iron age culture that flourished in modern northeastern Nigeria was known as Nok

The open woodlands and grassy plains of Africa are known as Savanna Which is the largest subgroup of the Niger-Kongo family of languages? Bantu

Who is credited with leading the Jews out of Egypt? Moses Which Persian king was responsible for the addition of the territory of Egypt to the Persian Empire? Cambyses From where did Abraham and his people originate? Mesopotamia Believers of Judaism, Christianity and Islam all trace their religious traditions back to this figure: Abraham Which Near Eastern king was received as a liberator when he entered the city of Babylon? Darius Which individual is also known as "Israel"? Jacob Which of the following is the chief god of the Zoroastrian religion? Ahura-Mazda Who sacked the city of Jerusalem and conquered the kingdom of Judah in 586 BC? Nebuchadnezzar Governors of Persian provinces were called? Satraps.

A distinctive, beehive-like tomb built into a hillsides is known as Tholos According to Greek myth and legend, the group of Greeks responsible for the collapse of civilization in Greece at the end of the Bronze Age is known as the Dorians The Greek concept of contest or struggle is Agon The group of Greeks who spread from Attica to Anatolia is known as Ions In the excerpt from the Iliad, which character is humiliated and beaten by Odysseus for insulting Agamemnon? Tersites

The Greek concept of courage and excellence is Arete The palace centered civilization that emerged in Bronze Age Crete is called Minoan

What is the name of the Cyclops blinded by Odysseus in the Odyssey? Polyphemus Another name for the Bronze Age civilization that flourished in Greece is Micenean

The lowest class of Athenian citizens was called Thetes In which region of Greece is the city of Athens located? Attica

Which Athenian politician is considered the "founder" of Athenian democracy? Cleisthenes Which Greek city state helped the Athenians expel the tyrants Sparta Which Athenian politician succeeded his father as tyrant of Athens? Hippias Which Athenian politician and military hero succeeded in making himself a tyrant after three attempts? Pissistratus

According to Herodotus' account of Athenian history, to whom did Megacles offer his daughter in marriage in order to forge a political alliance? Pissistratus Which Athenian politician is credited with ending the practice of debt slavery? Solon

The council of nobles that had control of Athens in the 7th century BC was known as Aeropagus In the 7th century BC the nine magistrates elected annually in Athens were known as Archons Which battle showcased the decisive naval victory of the Greeks in the Persian Wars? Salamis According to Herodotus' account of the Persian Wars, what was the name of the individual who betrayed the Greeks during the Battle of Thermopylae? Ephialtes. Who led Athenian forces at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC? Miltades Which was the final land battle of the Persian Wars fought in 479 BC? Plataea According to Herodotus' account of the Persian Wars, which Persian king ordered the Hellespont to be branded? Herxes Which Greek tyrant was responsible for organizing the Ionian Revolt in 499 BC? Aristagoras Which Persian city in Lydia was destroyed during the course of the Ionian Revolt? Sardis Which Athenian politician was instrumental in the construction of the Athenian navy? Themistocles. Which Athenian politician was responsible for initiating the great building program on the Athenian Acropolis beginning in 448 BC? Pericles. In honor of which god were there festivals held at Athens at which contests to judge the best tragedies were staged? Dionysis The naval confederation led by the Athenians that was created to patrol the Aegean was known as TheDelian League Which Athenian politician was responsible for leading the Greeks to victory over the Persians at the Battle of the Eurymedon River in 467 BC? Cimon Which playwright is considered the master of Old Comedy Aristophan Who held the office of strategos (general) in Athens for 15 consecutive years and 30 total years during the Athenian "Golden Age" in the 5th century BC? Pericles

The Thirty Years Peace brought which conflict to an end? First Peloponesian War An Athenian woman of a citizen family with no male heirs who was required by law to marry a male relative on her father's side was known as a Epicleros Which author wrote a history of the Peloponnesian War Thycidides The Peloponnesian War was fought between Athenians and Spartans Which Spartan king pursued an aggressive foreign policy and invaded Asia in 396 BC? Agesialus. Which side in the Peloponnesian War wanted to force the enemy to fight a hoplite battle? Sparta Which Greek polis was briefly ruled by an aristocratic government known as the "Thirty Tyrants" following the Peloponnesian War? Athens Which side in the Peloponnesian War wanted to fight a defensive war and use its navy to attack its enemy's allies Athens Which Spartan commander led the Spartan fleet to victory in the Battle of Aegospotami in 405 BC? Lysanders Who defeated the Spartans at the Battle of Leuctra in the 4th century BC? Thebes

Which Athenian politician first proposed an expedition to Sicily? Alcibiades Which Greek general led his army to victory at Mantinea in 362 BC but lost his life during the battle? Epaminondas Who won the Peloponnesian War? Sparta Teachers of rhetoric and oratory in the ancient Greek world were known as? Sophists Which Greek philosopher is usually credited with being the first? Thales Which Greek philosopher served as an instructor to Alexander the Great and founded the Lyceum, a center of philosophical teaching? Aristotle Which Greek philosopher is credited with the creation of "atomic theory"? Democritus.

In which part of the Greek world did Greek philosophy begin? Asian Minor Which philosopher is responsible for writing down much of what we know about the teachings of Socrates? Plato Which of the following Greek philosophers was a leader of the Cynic school? Diogenes Which was the first battle Alexander fought against Persian forces in Persian territory? Granicus

Who was the Bactrian princess that Alexander married? Roxane At which battle did Alexander the Great first defeat Persian forces with the Persian king present? Battle of Issus

After the Battle of Chaeronea in the 4th century BC Greece fell under the control of Philip II of macedon Which Athenian politician urged the Athenians to resist the spread of Macedonian power in Greece? Demosthenes The Ptolemaic dynasty became the rulers of which kingdom following the death of Alexander the Great? Egypt Which religion saw it's leader executed during the reign of the Sassanids? Manichaism Which Hellenistic philosophy focused on pleasure in the sens of the absence of pain and trouble? Epicureanism Which dynasty took control of the Persian Empire in AD 224? Sassanid Which Hellenistic philosophy believed that "logos" was the guiding principle in nature? Stoicism Which dynasty ruled the revived Persian Empire, called the Parthian Empire, beginning around 247 BC? Arsacid By the middle of the second century BC, which power had gained control of most of the territory of Alexander's Empire in the Eastern Mediterranean? Rome

According to Plutarch, which Hellenistic kings did the Athenians honor as gods? Antigonus and Demetrius Which city was the literary center of the Hellenistic world? Alexandria Which dynasty came to rule over Macedon after the death of Alexander the Great? Antigonids The power to issue commands and enforce them by fines and punishments, including execution, was known as Imperium Which branch of early Roman government was made up of the most powerful men in the state who held the position for life and approved candidates for the office of king? Senate The idea of "trust" that bound a client to his patron was known as Fides

Which branch of early Roman government was made up of all the citizens divided into 30 groups? Curiate assembly

The lower classes in Rome were known as Plebeans

The highest social class in Rome was known as Patricians Which people established themselves in the north of Italy c. 400 BC? Celts According to Livy who raped Lucretia? Sexeus tarquinius. What was the name of the non-Roman civilization that arose in Italy c. 800 BC and would later conquer Latium? Etruskans In its earliest history Rome was ruled by Kings

Who commanded the army that defeated the Romans at the Battle of Cannae? Cannibal Which two cities did the Romans destroy in 146 BC? Carthage and Corinth Which Roman general defeated the Carthaginians at the Battle of Zama in 202 BC? Scipio Africanus Which Macedonian king was defeated by the Romans in 168 BC? Perseus According to Roman tradition in which year was the Roman Republic founded? 509 BC The first codification of Roman law around 450 BC was known as the Twelve Tables Rome fought the Punic Wars against Carthage The highest political office in the Roman Republic was consul Which Roman popular assembly was essentially the Roman army acting in a political capacity t centuriate assembly Which political faction looked to pressure from the people as a guiding principle for their political careers populares By what year did all the Italians receive Roman citizenship? 88 bc Which social order in Rome was rich enough to serve as cavalry in the military and also collected taxes in the provinces? equestrians Which Roman politician was given the command in the war against King Jugurtha of Numidia in 107 BC and would later hold five consecutive consulships from 104-100 BC? Gaius Marius

Which political reform in the 130s BC gave clients more independence from their patrons? Secret ballot Which political faction supported the traditional role of the Senate in Roman politics? Optimates In Italy, large plantations used for growing cash crops were known as Latifundia What phrase did the Romans use to describe a politician who was the first in his family to reach the consulship? novus homo Which Roman politician holding the office of Tribune attempted to institute a series of land reform programs but was murdered by the Senate? Tiberius Grachus

Which Roman politician proposed granting Roman citizenship to the Italians but was later hunted down by the Senate and killed along with 3,000 of his supporters? Gaius Gracchus Which Roman poet was exiled by Augustus partly for the scandalous nature of the Ars Amatoria, a poem about the arts of seduction? Ovid The association formed by Pompey, Crassus and Caesar is known as first triumvirate In 67 BC which Roman politician was given a grant of imperium for three years to rid the Mediterranean Sea of pirates? Cnaeus Pompeus In whose hands was power consolidated following the Battle of Actium in 31 BC? Octavian Which Roman senator earned a reputation for his outstanding literary contributions including orations, letters and political and philosophical treatises? Ciceron Which Roman politician was killed at Carrhae in 53 BC while on campaign against the Parthians?

Marcus Licinius Crassus

Which of the following figures assumed the semi-religious title Augustus? Octavian Which Roman poet wrote the Roman national epic poem, the Aeneid? Virgil The association formed by Marc Antony, Octavian and Lepidus is known as Second Triumvirate. Which emperor spent most of his reign defending the empire from attacks from north of the Danube and in the East? Marcus Aurelius The five and six story apartment buildings that sprung up in the city of Rome were known as Insulae

During the reign of which emperor was the Temple in Jerusalem destroyed? Vespasian In which year did Mt Vesuvius erupt? 79 AD Which of the following was considered one of the five "good emperors"? Handrian The ruling dynasty of the Roman Empire that followed the death of the last descendant of Augustus' family is known as Flavian Pliny the Younger's uncle was in command of the Roman fleet stationed in which city? Misenum Which monumental Roman temple was begun by Augustus' friend Agrippa and then rebuilt by the emperor Hadrian? The Pantheon Which emperor led sustained offensives across the Danube and against the Parthian Empire? Trajan An individual who holds beliefs contrary to the commonly accepted ones is known as Heretic The name of the Christian ceremony of thanksgiving which involves the eating of unleavened bread and the drinking of wine is Eucharist Which figure, although he began as a persecutor of Christians, was responsible for the spread of Christianity to the gentile population of the Mediterranean? Paul

According to the doctrine of Apostolic succession the powers Jesus gave his original disciples were passed on to whom? Bishop
What term refers to the Redeemer who was supposed to lead the Israelites to triumph over their enemies and establish a Kingdom of God? Messiah

The bishops of which city claimed that Peter was the first bishop there and later came to claim supremacy in the Catholic Church? Rome The members of which sect of Judaism were strict adherents of Jewish law? Pharisees Which of the following terms means to adhere to correct doctrines? Orthodox In which region of the Roman Empire did Jesus carry out his ministry? Judaea