NASC 3 X MCTGarcia

Handout #9

Maria Carmela T. Garcia NASC 3 X st 1 semester 2013-2014

Why is it that when you walk on a carpeted floor and reach for a door knob, you sometimes get a little shock? Why do you sometimes get this same little shock when your arms bumps against your friend as you are walking in the mall? Why does your hair stand on end after removing your cap on a cold day? What causes lightning?

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www.school-for-champions.com

scienceblogs.com

safe4work.org

Atoms primarily consist of

Positively charged protons Neutral neutrons Negatively charged electrons that orbit the nucleus at high speeds.
www.universetoday.com

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The charged particles electrons and protons have the same magnitude of charge, which is

e = 1.6 10-19 C

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Some materials hold their electrons very tightly.

These materials are called insulators.

Other materials have some loosely held electrons, which move through them very easily.
These are called conductors.

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Positively Charged
More protons than electrons

Uncharged/ Neutral
Equal number of protons and electrons

Negatively Charged
More electrons than protons

Unit of Charge: Coulomb,

Static electricity is the imbalance of positive and negative charges.

198.185.178.104

Properties of Charges

Conservation of Charges

Charges are neither created nor destroyed. They transfer from one object to another.

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Properties of Charges
Quantization of Charges Electric charge (Q) always occurs as some integral multiple of the fundamental charge e

Like charges REPEL, unlike charges ATTRACT

Holzner, Stephen. 2006. Physics for Dummies. Wiley Publishing

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Charged objects can also attract something that is neutral. Holding it near a neutral object will make the charges in that object realign.

corresponds to a rearrangement of the bound electrons in the material.

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There are three ways to charge an object

By friction By conduction By induction

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whs.wsd.wednet.edu

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tutorvista.com

When the air is very dry, it becomes less conductive When the air is humid, the water in the air allows the electrons to move off you more quickly

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http://scijinks.nasa.gov/lightning

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www.frankswebspace.org.uk

Weve talked about how like charges attract, and unlike charges repel The presence of an electric charge produces a force on all other charges present. The electric force produces action-at-adistance; the charged objects can influence each other without touching.

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q1q2 F 2 r
where q1 and q2 are the magnitude of the charges r is the distance between them
thecuriousastronomer.files.wordpress.com

The actual electrostatic force can be computed using Coulombs Law:

k = Coulombs constant (8.99 x 109 Nm2/C2)

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What is the repulsive force between two electrons that are 1m apart?

Electrically charged object generate an electric field in the space around it This field exerts the pushes or pulls to other charged objects in the surrounding area. The electric field is a vector field.
The electric field is a vector field.

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field lines never intersect!

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sEfvf1izXBo/TeZZNGTopmI/AAAAAAAAAKo/7s1k1eWpdg0/s1600/E_field.png

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Electric field is expressed in Newtons per Coulomb (N/C) and use the symbol E.

What is the magnitude of the electric field E at a field point 2.0 m from a point charge q = 4.0 nC?

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