ARCHITECTURE OF ASP.

NET

ARCHITECTURE OF ASP.NET
Web Server
(.aspx)
HTTP REQUEST Aspnet_isapi.dll Asp.dll Web.config

ASP.net Runtime Env

Machine.config

(.asp)

App Domain HTTP RESPONSE

HTTP Handlers

Process Req

inet_info.exe

Aspnet_wp.exe

Inet_info.exe identifies the request and submits the request to the aspnet_isapi.dll. Aspnet_isapi.dll is a script engine which process the .aspx page Then the script engine will submit the request to the ASP.NET runtime env. After verifying all the security issues of both machine.config and web.config then an AppDomain will be defined for the request and after processing the request the response will be given to the client as HTTP response. Machine.Config it is used to maintain the complete configuration details of all the web applications registered on to the web server of ASP.net Web.Config It is used to maintain the config details about a single web application. Where configuration details includes security,database connectivity,state management,trace details of the web application,,authentication and authorization of the applications and globalizations AppDomain:All windows appns run inside a process and these process own resources such as memory and kernel objects and the threads execute code loaded into a process.Process are protected from each other by the OS. All these appns are run on high isolation mode to work safely.The disadvantage of this is memory resources are blocked.So to achieve this in a single process all the applications should be made to run which is good to an extent but the draw back is if one crashes all other are effected. So in .net the code verification feature takes care that the code is safe to run. so asp.net each application runs its own application domain and therefore it is protected from other asp.net applications on the same machine so it ignores the process isolation specified on IIS. HTTPHandlers:ASP.net builds upon a extensible architecture known as HTTP runtime.This is responsible for handling the requests and sending the response.It is upto an individual handlers such as asp.net or web service to implement the work done on a request.IIS supports a low level API known as ISAPI. ASP.net implements a similar concept with HTTP handlers.A request is assigned to ASP.net from IIS then ASP.net

examines entries in the <httphandlers> section based on the extension of the request to determine which handler the request should be send to. Features of asp.net ASPX,ASP Up gradation of ASP to ASPX is not required it supports side by side execution and hence a request can be given from ASP to ASPX and vice versa. Simplified Programming Model ASP.Net is a technology which can be implemented using any dot net language such as VB.net,C# etc and hence there is no requirement of HTML,JavaScript or VBScript to implement ASP.NET Simplified deployment ASP.Net supports setup and deployment and hence the web app can be defined with a web set up project which can be easily deployed on to the web server. Where as for ASP CUTE FTP is used for deploying manually we have to upload. Better Performance As the ASPX pages are complier based the performance of the web application will be faster then the ASP pages (as they are interpreter based) Caching It is a process of maintaining the result or output of a web page temporarily for some period of time .ASP supports Client Side caching where as ASP.Net supports both client side and server side. Security In ASP security is done by IIS or writing the code manually. Where as ASP.Net is defined with built in security features such as windows authentication Forms Authentication Passport Authentication Custom Authentication More powerful data access ASP.net supports ADO and ADO.Net as its database connectivity model which will be implemented using the most Powerful OOPS languages like VB.Net and C# and hence the database access using ASPX pages will be very powerful. Web services It is a code which will be published on the web which can be used by any applications written using any language for an platform or device. Better session Management Session Management in ASP.Net can be maintained using the database and as well cookieless sessions are also supported.It also supports enabling and disabling of session info within a web application. Simplified Form Validations ASP.Net provides validation controls using which any type of client side validations are performed without writing any code. A web page is in 2 parts 1} Designing part (HTML Content,Flash,Dreamweaver etc) 2} logic Part (sub programs and event procedures and it has also your database interaction) ASP.Net supports 2 techniques for creating web page 1) In Page Technique when you place design part code and logic part code with in a single file called as ASPX then it is called as inPage Technique.

2) Code Behind Technique when design part code is represented with in ASPX file and logic part code is represented with in dll file then it is called as code behind technique. ASP Supports only In Page technique. DLL file is not a readable file so it is secured.

Difference Between VB 6.0 & VB.NET 1) It is an object based programming 1) It is an object oriented programming 2)Variables or member declarations are2)Here its mandatory not mandatory 3)Uses Unstructured method for 3) Uses Unstructured / Structured methods for handling exceptions handling exception 4) Uses DAO, RDO, ADO object 4) supports ADO and ADO.NET models models for database connectivity 5)Uses Data projects as its default 5) uses crystal reports reporting tool 6)Uses COM for language 6) Uses .net assembly for language interoperability interoperability 7)Does not support multi threading 7)Does support multithreading 8)Uses DCOM to support distributed 8)Uses .net remoting to support distributed technology tech. 9) Supports web tech.,client side appns 9)It does not support web technology. or server side appns can be designed Note VB.net cant be used to design Client using VB Side / Server side appns but it can used as an implementing Lang for asp.net Differences between C#.net & VB.net W.R.T C#.NET VB.NET DATA TYPES 1.Unsigned Data Types 2.Strongly Typed Lang. 1.No Unsigned Data Types 2.It is not strongly typed

OOPS Concept

More concepts in C# Less Concepts here. u have interfaces, abstraction, No indexes in Vb.net and it has indexes limitations wrt interface Garbage collector, destructor,dispose.Automatic releasing of resources is not available.You have to explicitly use dispose method

Memory Manag. Garbage Collector. Automatic releasing of resources is available. It Boosts the performance.

Operator Overloading Pointers Auto XML Document.

Is available in C# Is available in C# Is available in C#

Is not available in VB.Net Is not available in VB.Net Is not available in VB.Net

Page Life Cycle Events

Page_Init This is fired when the page is initialized Page_Load This is fired when the page is loaded The difference between Page_Init and Page_load is that the controls are guaranteed to be fully loaded in the Page_load.The controls are accessible in the Page_Init event,but the ViewState is not loaded,so controls will have their default values,rather than any values set during the postback. Control_Event This is fried if a control triggered the page to be reloaded (such as a button) Page_unload This is fired when the page is unloaded from the memory

Types of Controls in ASP.Net HTML SERVER SYNTAX <INPUT TYPE=TEXT RUNAT=SERVER> WEBSERVER CONTROLS Standard List Controls Validation Data Controls bound Radio Button Controls label List Required field Controls Data Grid Textbox Check Box Validator List Range Data List Button Validator Dropdown List Repeater Link Button Compare Image Button List Box Validator Calendar Regular AdRotator Expression Panel Validator Place Holder Custom Table Validator Literal Control Validation Radio Button Summary Check Box XML Common Syntax for any web server control <asp:controltype id=name of the control runat=server ------------------------------//additional properties ></asp:controltype> To close syntax is / .

Misc Controls Crystal Report Viewer control

In order to set or get the value from any standard control text property should be used. Eg: <asp:label id=lb1 runat=server text=user name></asp:label> <asp:button id=lb1 runat=server text=Login /> Calendar Control Usage: It is used to place the calendar on the webform

Note: Place the calendar control and right click on it and select autoformat to provide a better look and feel for the control Calendar control can be considered as a collection of table cells Where every table cell will maintain the information about the days as a calendar day in the format of a link button control When ever the calendar days has to be customized based on the requirement of the user DAYRENDER event should be used. Every event handler in the dot net tech will accept two arguments 1st one being object and the 2nd one is eventArguements I.e. DayRender(Object,eventArguements) Event Arguments of DayRender event will provide e.cell -> to refer table cell e.day -> to refer calendar day In order to add a string value as a control to any other control Literal Control Should be used.

ADO.NET CONNECTION ORIENTED MODEL DISCONNECTED ORIENTED MODEL CONNECTION ORIENTED MODEL Whenever an application uses the connection oriented model to interact with the db then the connectivity between the application and the database has to be maintained always. Whenever an user executes any statement other than a select then command object can be binded directly to the application If the user executes a select statement then dataReader is used to bind the result to the application. Disconnected Oriented Model When the user interacting with the db using this model then while performing the manipulations or navigations on the data connectivity between the application and the database is not required Note: When ever the data is been updated on to the database then the connectivity is required in the disconnected model.

DISCONNECTED MODEL
Application
Data View

DataSet

Database

This is available in client system

Data Adapter

Connection

Data Providers

Disconnected Model
Connection it is used to establish the physical connection between the application and the database DataAdapter it is a collection of commands which acts like a bridge between the datastore and the dataset. Commands in DataAdapter
DataAdapter
Select Command Table Mappings Insert Command Update Command Delete Command
Update(Dataset Name[,DataMember])

Collection of all these commands is DataAdapter

Fill(Dataset Name[,DataMember])

DataAdapter DataAdapter can always be binded to a single table at a time. Whenever the dataAdapter is used then implicit opening and closing of connection of closing object will take place. If the dataAdapter is defined using a tool or a control then all the commands for the adapter will be defined implicitly provided the base table with a primary key. If the base table is not defined with a primary key then the commands relevant for update command and Delete command will not be defined. Fill Method It is used to fill the data retrieved by the select command of DataAdapter to the dataset. Update Method It is used to update the dataAdapter with the data present in the dataMember of the dataSet. In other words used to the update the database. DataSet It is an in memory representation of the data in the format of XML at the client system. Points to remember about DataSet: It contains any no of datatables which may belong to the same or different databases also. If any manipulation are performed on the database it will not be reflected on to the database. Dataset is also considered as a collection of datatables where a datatable can be considered as a DataMember. Dataset will not be aware of from where the data is coming from and where the data will be passed from it. Dataset supports establishing the relationship between the datatables present in the dataset where the datatables might belong to different databases also. DataSet is of 2 types Typed DataSet when ever the dataset is defined with the support of XML schema definitions then it is said to be typed dataSet. UnTyped DataSet if the dataset is defined without the XML Schema Definition then it is said to be UnTyped DataSet. DataView It is logical representation of the data present in the datamember of dataSet. Usage It is used to sort the data,filter the data or if the data has to be projected in the pagewise then the dataView should be used. Command

It is used to provide the source for executing the statement I.e it used to specify the command to be executed. Data Reader It is a forward and read only record set which maintains the data retrieved by the select statement.
ADO.NET
DISCONNECTED MODEL

CONNECTION ORIENTED MODEL

CONNECTION

Used if the statement is select statement

CONNECTION

DATA ADAPTER

COMMAND

DATA SET DATA VIEW

DATA READER

UI

UI
Used if the data has to be filtered, sorted or if the data has to be projected in page-wise

ADO.NET

SQL-SERVER
System.data.SqlClient

ORACLE
System.data.OracleClient

OleDB Providers
System.data.Oledb OleDB Connection OleDB Command

ODBC providers
System.data.ODBC ODBC Connection ODBC Command

SQL Connection

Oracle Connection Oracle Command

Oracle DataReader

SQL Command
SQL Datareader

OleDB Data Provider

ODBC DataProvider

SQL DataAdapter

Oracle DataAdapter

OleDB DataAdapter

ODBC DataAdapter

Syntax to define the Object Dim objectName as new xxxConnection(ProviderInfo) where xx can be either
SQL,Oracle,Oledb or ODBC Provider Info To connect to MS-Access 2000 above versions Provider=microsoft.jet.oledb.4;datasource=databaseName.mdb To connect to SQL-Server db Provider=sqloledb.1;userid=sa;password=;database=database name;datasource=servername Note if SQL Connection is used then provider=providername is not required. To Connect to ORACLE

Provider = oracleoledb.oracle;userid=scott;pwd=tiger;datasource = servername OR Provider = msdaora.1;. Note if oracle connection is used then provider= provider name is not required.

To define Command Object

Dim objectName as new xxxCommand([SQL Statement,connection object/Connection String]) To define DataReader Dim objectName as xxxDataReader To define DataAdapter Dim objectName as xxxDataAdapter(Select Statement,<Connection Object / Connection String>) When ever the DataAdapter is defined using the above syntax then only the command relevant for the SelectCommand will be defined and in order to use the above commands they have to be build explicitly. To define DataSet Dim objectName as new DataSet() To define DataView Dim objectName as new DataView(datasetName.DataMemberName) Security in ASP.NET Asp.net provides various authentication methods to achieve security. They are: Forms Authentication Windows Authentication Passport Authentication Custom Authentication FORMS Authentication It is used to authenticate the user credentials for Internet and Intranet applications. It is used to specify the authentication mode to be used by the ASP.Net web application, to specify the login page information and to specify the format of the password to be used for providing additional security and also it acts like a database which maintains the user credentials information. Syntax to set the authentication <authentication mode=Forms> <forms loginUrl = login.aspx> <Credentials passwordFormat =SHA1/MD5/Clear> <User name =_____ password=____ /> _____________ _____________ any no of user information </credentials> </forms> </authentication> Authorization It is used to allow or deny the users from accessing the webforms present in the web application. <authorization> <allow users=__,__,__ / * /> <deny users=__,__,__ / * /> </authorization> Note: the tags and the attributes present in the web.config is a case sensitive contents.

In order to support Forms Authentication in ASP.Net the Dot Net Framework provides a base class library called as System.web.security.Formsauthentication Methods to support Forms Authentication Authenticate :It is used to authenticate if the provided information belongs to a valid user credentials or not.It returns True if user info is valid else returns false. Syntax authenticate(username,password) RedirectFromLoginPage It is used to redirect to the requested webform from the login page if the provided user credentials belongs to a valid user. Syntax :- redirectFromLoginPage(username,booleanvalue) If specified TRUE then the user info will be maintained as a permanent HTTP Cookie at the client system and if FALSE is specified then user info will be maintained temporarily till the browser is closed. HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFileit is used to encrypt the data using either SHA1 or md5 hash algorithms. Syntax HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile (original Text,md5/sha1) SignOut It is used to clear the session of the user which has been set the application User.identity.name returns the name of the user who has currently logged in. Windows Authentication It is used to authenticate the user information based on the users registered on the network. Note it is used to validate the users on the intranet environment. In web.config file <authentication mode=windows /> <authorization> <allow users/role =DomainName/UserName,--- / roleName /> <deny users/role = DomainName/UserName,--- / roleName /> </authorization> Whenever the user who has been currently logged in is present in the allow users list then all the webforms can be accessed directly present in the web application.Else implicilty the webserver will project a dialog box to provide the user credentials and allow the user to access the webforms provided the information belongs to a valid user credentials. Types of Windows Authentication Basic Authentication if used as authentication type then the user credentials will be passed across the n/w in cleartext Format. DigestAuthentication it is a special authentication type used to authenticate the Domain server users. Note if the OS is not a domain server then the Digest authentication type will be disabled in that system NTLM authentication it is a default authentication type used by the windows authentication where NTLM stands for Integrated Windows Authentication Steps to set the authentication Type Start > RUN > inetmgr Right click on default web site and select properties Click on Directory Security tab Click on the Edit button present in the anonymous access and authentication control Check on the different authentication types to be used To know the domain name of the system [ In command prompt ]

C:\host Name This gives the domain name

Passport Authentication If the same user credentials has to be maintained across multiple websites then passport authentication can be used. To achieve this Install Microsoft Passport SDK In web.config file <authentication mode =passport> <passport redirectUrl =internal /URL /> </authentication> Custom Authentication It is used to Validate the user credentials as per the requirement of the application. STATE MANAGEMENT IN ASP.NET It is used to maintain the state of the user across multiple pages. { OR } Web server maintaining client information with out any connectivity is called as state management .This can be implemented in various ways 1.View State [ Hidden field ] 2. Page Submission 3.Cookies 4.Session 5.Query String 6.Application 7. Cache

View State It is the concept of persisting controls properties between requests under post back implementation. The view state will be implemented based on hidden field. The main advantage of view state will be 2 things There is no programming required from the developer so less burden on the developer. The memory will not be allocated in the client system nor at in the webserver system.It will be maintained as the part of the web page itself. The problem with a view state is there will be more amount of data transfer between client and web server. The view state can be controlled at the 3 levels 1 } Control Level <Input = .Enable viewstate=true/false> Note : when it comes to sensitive data it is not recommended to implement view state the sensitive data can be password,credit card no, etc. When you go with password type textbox the view state will not be applicable implicitly. 2} Page Level <%@ Pagedirective ..enable viewstate=true/false > 3 }Application Level It requires web config It will be applicable to all the web pages COOKIES It is used to maintain the server side information at the client system. { OR } A cookie can be defined as a small amount of memory used by the web server on the client system.

Usage : The main purpose of cookies will be storing perosonal information of the client,it can be username,pwd,no of visits,session id. Cookies can be of 2 types: Client Side Cookies If the cookie information is set using Javascript / VbScript within an HTML page then it is said to be a client Side Cookies. Server Side CookiesIf the cookie information is set using server side technology then it is said to be server side cookies.They are of 2 types: 1] Persistant Cookies ( Permanent Cookies ) 2] nonPersistant Cookies ( Temporary Cookies ) 1] Persistant Cookies ( Permanent Cookies ) When the cookie is stored on to the hard disk memory then it is called as persistant cookie. When you provide expires than the cookie will be considered as persistent. 2] nonPersistant Cookies ( Temporary Cookies ) When the cookie is stored with in the process memory of the browser then it is called temporary cookies. Syntax To set the cookies information Response.cookies(cookie name).value = value To get or read the value from a cookie variable = request.cookies(cookie name).value Points to remember about cookies Cookies information will be always be stored at the client system only. Cookies information are browser dependent ie the values of the cookies set by one browser cant be read by other browser. If the cookie information is set by IE then that info. Will be maintained in the memory of the browser itself. If the cookie information is set by Netscape Navigator then then information will be maintained in Cookies.txt file. There is no security for cookies information. Browsers has a capability to disable the usage of cookies within it. Note if the browser disables the cookies in it and if any request for a web form which contains the usage of cookies then the request will not function properly. User can change cookie content (or) user can delete Text file. The browser will support 20 cookies towards a single website . If we add 21st cookie then automatically the first cookie will be deleted. A cookie can represent maximum of 4kb of data. To bind the cookie information to a specific domain response.cookies(cookie name).Domain = DomainName To allow the different paths of the same domain to access the cookie information response.cookies(cookie name).path = /path. note the default expiration time for the cookies is 30 min. To set the expiration time for the cookie info response.cookies(cookie name).expires = dateTime To secure the cookie information response.cookies(cookie Name).secure = booleanValue Session When client makes a first request to the application,ASP.net runtime will create a block of memory to the client in the web server machine.This Block of memory is called as session memory.This memory will be unique to the client with the Time Out of 20 min by default.Here

timeout indicates from the last access of client request not from creation of cookies.Cookie can represent only plain text not an object but session memory has an object. Differences between Session & Cookies Session Cookies It will be maintained in the web It will be maintained in the client server system.So it is called as system. So it is called as client server side management side state management. Session can represent objects Cookie can represent plain text More security for data Accessing will be slow Less security for data. Accessing would be faster.

Limitations of sessions in ASP In ASP client info is maintained by the server using its sessionID irrespective of session object usage. Sessions in ASP are always cookies based. Enabling and disabling of sessions are not supported in ASP Sessions in ASP.Net Sessions in ASP.net can be Cookies Based ( Default ) Cookieless It can be stored in database also (SQL Server) Syntax To get session Info Session(variable) = value To Read / Get value Variable = session(variable) Note: If the value assigned to the session variable is a character data then the info will be maintained in the contents collection of the session object If the value assigned to the session variable is an object then that information will be maintained in the static object collection of session object. By default session state for the application will be true and hence the contents of the session object can be used. In order to disable the session object usage in the web form then enable session state attribute of the page directive should be set as false. In the page directive I.e go to the HTML view and in that page directive at the start of the page make the enable session state as = false. Syntax <% @ page language =vb enablesessionstate=false.%> Session Object Session Object this object can be used to access session memory from asp.net web page. The following are the methods 1. Add(key,value) where key String and value object 2.Remove(key) 3.Abandon() to close the session 4.SessionId 5.TimeOut Points to remember about Session

The default session timeout is 20mins To set the session timeout session.timeout = minutes ( specify the min) {OR} In web.config we have tag available for session <sessionstate mode=Inproc cookieless=false timeout =minutes /> Note : the default sessionstate uses cookies for maintaining the data or info. To define a session as cookie-less then in web.config: <sessionstate mode=Inproc cookieless=false timeout=20 /> note: once the sessionstate is set to cookieless then the sessionInfo or the sessionID will be appended to the URL for each and every webform present in the web application. In order to retrieve the sessionID of the client session.sessionID should be used. In order to maintain the session info. On the SQL server database then in web.config: <sessionState mode=sqlserver stateconnectionstring=tcpid=127.0.01:42424 sqlconnectionstring= ______(completepath) cookieless=false timeout=20 /> In order to clear the session variable present in the session object contents collection then session.contents.remove(sessionvariable) In order to clear all the items present in the contents collection then session.contents.removeall() should be used. In order to kill the session of the user then session.abandon() method should be used. To disable the session information for a specific webform then enablesessionstate=false should be set for the page.

Application It is used to maintain the state of all the users accessing the web applications. When the first client,first request comes to the application web server will allocate a block of memory this is called as application memory. The application memory will not have any life time. Application object can be used to access application memory from asp.net web page Application object consists the following methods 1} Add (key,value) {or} Application(var) = value 2} Remove(key) 3} lock() 4} unLock() note the lock and unlock are not available in session,but available in application . To set: Application (variable) = value To read: variable = application(variable) ProblemIf the application object is not maintained properly then it will result in Data Inconsistency. When ever the application variables are used in the webform then it is mandatory to Lock the application contents. To do: Application.Lock() If application.lock() method is encountered while processing the webform then all the other requests which uses the application contents will not be blocked till the webform processing is completed. Lock is used to allow only one client at a particular time.

 Each client requests to the webserver is considered as thread.webserver will allocate equal processor time to all the threads.In this aspect more then one thread can manipulate application memory data,this may lead to improper result to avoid this it is recommended for synchronisation of threads. Synchronisation is nothing but allowing user one at a particular time. The synchronisation of threads can be implemented using lock and unlock methods. Global.asax Its a collection of events where the code written in those events will be executed implicitly whenever the relevant event takes place. In order to work with the application and the session objects and to handle the events in a proper manner global.asax file should be used. Application_Start the code written in this event will be executed only once whenever the application has been encountered with the first request Session_Start the code written in this event will be executed when ever a new session for the user starts. Application_BeginRequest the code written in this event will be fired when ever any webform present in the webapplication is loaded. Application_Authenticate the code written in this event will be executed when even the authentication takes place. Application_error the code written in this event will be executed when ever any error or exceptions occurs at webforms present in the web application. Note in order to get the last error which has been generated on the webform server.getLastError() should be used. Session_End the code written in this event will be executed whenever the session of the user ends Application_End the code written in this event will be executed whenever the web application is closed. Caching It is used to maintain the result of the webform temporarily for a specific period of time. ASP supports client side caching. Where as ASP.net supports both client side caching and server side caching.

Client Side Caching

If the cache page is maintained at the client side it is said client side caching.
C1 C2 C3 Server Proxy Server
Cache page

Web server Gateway Modem ISP

To Set this : Response.cachecontrol = public Advantage : only the people who are connected in the network they will be getting the page faster.

Server Side Caching then it is said to be server side caching. Points to remember Caching should be used if and only if the following properties are satisfied 1} The contents of the webform should not be modified at least for a specific period of time. 2} The no of clicks for the webform present in the web application should be more. Types Server side caching 1~~~> Page Output Cache 2 ~~~> Page Fragmentation (Partial) Cache 3 ~~~> Data Cache. Page Output cache when ever the complete result of the webform or the o/p of the webform is maintained as a cache page at the webserver then it is said to be a page-output cache. To Set <% @ outputcache duration=seconds varybyparam=none/controlName/VariableName %> VaryByParam it is used to set an individual cache page for every distinct value assigned for the control or the variable assigned to the varybyparam. {example 1} Page Fragmentation Cache It is used to maintain only a partial page contents as a cache contents on the web server To achieve this Page Fragmentation Define a web custom control Set the cache for the custom control use the web custom control on the web form. Web User Control Web User Control It is used to design a web control which can be used by an webforms of ASP.net To design Project Add web user control To use the web user control on the web form 1st method select the name of the web user control file in the solution explorer and then drag drop that file on to the web form. 2nd method 1} register the web user control as a tag prefix in the webform: for eg : <% @ register tagprefix = UC1 tagname=webusercontrol src=webusercontrol2.aspx %> 2} place the web user control as a normal control on the webform <uci:webusercontrol2 id=wuc2 runat=server /> Data Cache It is used to maintain the data present in an object as a cache information ,where the object can be dataset,datview or datareader.

Note: once the data is been set as a cache then if the data is modified or manipulated at the database level there wont be any reflection at the data present in the cache.

Tracing It is used to trace the flow of the application. It is of 2 types Application level tracing If this is used then for all the webforms present in the web application the trace details or information will be provided. Page level tracing if used then only specific web form the trace details will be set. Note if the application level and page level tracing information is set then the preference will be given to the page level tracing only. To set application level tracing in web.config <trace enabled=true requestlimit=10 pageoutput=true../> Methods to support tracing Trace.write It is used to write the data on to the trace information. Trace.warn it is used to write the data on to the trace information using red as its fore color such that the information will be highlighted at the trace info section. To set page level trace info in page directive tag : <% @ pagelanguage=vb trace=true %>