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RWA-3400x Series
Outdoor
AP/Router/Hotspot Controller
Installation Guide
and
User Manual
Demarc Technology Group, LLC
PO Box 370
efax: 207.433.1008
Website: www.demarctech.com
Email: sales@demarctech.com
Version 1.0 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual i
© 2005 Demarc Technology Group, LLC No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photography, recording, or any information
storage and retrieval system without written consent. Information in this manual is subject to change
without notice, and does not represent a commitment on the part of Demarc Technology Group.
Demarc Technology Group shall not be liable for incidental or consequential damages resulting from the
furnishing, performance, or use of this manual.
All brand names used in this manual are the registered trademarks of their respective owners. The use of
trademarks or other designations in this publication is for reference purposes only and does not constitute
an endorsement by the trademark holder.
ii ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual Version 1.0
Version 1.0 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual iii
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Table of Contents .................................................................................. 1
1. Preface ....................................................................................... 1
1.1 Included in this Manual................................................................ 1
1.2 Related Documentation ............................................................... 2
1.3 Technical Support ....................................................................... 2
1.4 Warranty ................................................................................... 2
1.5 Safety Precautions ...................................................................... 3
2. Product Overview ......................................................................... 4
2.1 RWA-3400 Series Model Designations ............................................ 4
2.1.1 Example:................................................................................................. 5
2.2 Features .................................................................................... 5
2.3 Benefits..................................................................................... 6
2.4 Applications ............................................................................... 6
3. Hardware .................................................................................... 7
3.1 Package Checklist ....................................................................... 7
3.2 Internal Components................................................................... 7
3.2.1 PCB Assembly .......................................................................................... 8
3.2.2 PoE Ethernet Lightning Protector ................................................................10
3.3 Antenna Connection .................................................................. 11
3.4 PoE DC Injector/Splitter............................................................. 11
3.5 DC Power Supply ...................................................................... 12
3.6 Pole Mount Clamps ................................................................... 12
4. Installation ................................................................................ 14
4.1 Bench Testing .......................................................................... 14
4.2 Planning the Installation ............................................................ 14
4.2.1 Location .................................................................................................14
4.2.2 Lightning Protection .................................................................................15
4.2.3 Grounding ..............................................................................................15
4.2.4 Precautions.............................................................................................15
4.3 Installing the RWA-3400x .......................................................... 15
4.3.1 Mounting the Enclosure ............................................................................16
4.3.2 Grounding the Enclosure...........................................................................17
4.3.3 Installing and Connecting an Antenna .........................................................17
4.3.4 Connecting the Ethernet Cable...................................................................17
4.3.5 Installing the PoE DC Injector/Splitter and Power Supply ...............................18
5. Configuration ............................................................................. 21
5.1 Configuring with ReliaWave NMS................................................. 21
5.2 Configuring with Console Mode ................................................... 22
5.3 Configuring with SSH Client........................................................ 24
6. Specifications and Default Settings................................................ 27
7. Line-of-Sight Considerations ........................................................ 31
Version 1.0 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual 1
Table of Contents
2 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual Version 1.0
1. Preface
1. Preface
The ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Outdoor AP/Router/Hotspot Controller is a feature-rich,
high power wireless base station built around the IEEE 802.11a/b/g (WiFi) standard.
This manual has been written to assist networking professionals in the installation and
configuration of RWA-3400x Series base stations. It assumes that you are already familiar with
basic wireless networking concepts and installation procedures.
Version 1.0 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual 1
1. Preface
1.4 Warranty
Demarc Technologies Group, LLC warrants that this equipment will be free of defects in
materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment, unless
otherwise noted on product pages.
For complete details on this product’s warranty and other information on terms and conditions of
sale, please access:
2 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual Version 1.0
1. Preface
www.demarctech.com/about-us/policies-and-procedures.html
Version 1.0 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual 3
2. Product Overview
2. Product Overview
The ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series is a wireless network-in-a-box solution designed to enable
the immediate deployment of profitable public and/or cost-effective private WLAN networks by
service providers and enterprises. Designed for outdoor deployment, the RWA-3400x Series can
be used for traditional fixed wireless deployments, using a CPE (customer premise equipment)
device, or to beam signals into buildings from the outside allowing for simple-to-manage
mobile/hotspot solutions. It integrates wireless access and backhaul into a single simple-to-install
solution. This cellular architecture simplifies WLAN infrastructures and eliminates high T1 and
DSL backhaul costs, which hinder the deployment of economical, medium- and large-scale
public WLAN networks.
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2. Product Overview
2.1.1 Example:
A base station with the model designation RWA-3440AG-I is an indoor RWA-3400 series base
station with two 400 mW radios, the first operating on the 802.11a standard (5 GHz) and the
second operating on the 802.11g standard (2.4 GHz).
2.2 Features
• Integrated access radio and interconnection network
• Compact, environmentally hardened outdoor package
• Simple, one-trip installation
• Variety of mounting options (pole, side of building, roof)
• No extra switches, routers or cables required to connect multiple
RWA-3400x Series base stations (Wireless Distribution System
(WDS) and/or Repeater modes)
• 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz backbone provides carrier-class network level
redundancy
• Supports multiple, full duplex, Fast Ethernet exit points
• Enables deployment of medium and large-scale WLAN/MANs
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2. Product Overview
2.3 Benefits
• Eliminates the need for cables, extra switches and routers to
interconnect wireless nodes
• Requires five to ten times fewer access points compared to indoor
solutions
• Eliminates disruptive, in-building network deployment
• Reduces WLAN operating expenditures by up to 90%
• Eliminates T1, DSL and other back haul costs
• Reduces WLAN capital expenditures by up to 70%
2.4 Applications
• High speed fixed wireless up to 15 mile radius (WISP)
• Hot spots, such as coffee shops, book stores, office buildings
• Complex shaped buildings
• Apartment buildings
• Campuses
• Buildings where it is difficult to add cables
• Corporate offices, manufacturing centers, universities, hospitals,
research parks, municipal centers
• Hot zones such as business districts, office parks, airports, hotels,
conference centers, recreation areas, and shopping malls.
6 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual Version 1.0
3. Hardware
3. Hardware
The ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series package shipped from the factory includes the core
components needed to assemble a wireless base station. To assemble a fully functional system
you also will require an external antenna, antenna cable and outdoor network cabling.
RWA-3400x Series base stations are contained in compact, environmentally hardened outdoor
enclosures that can be mounted on a roof, wall or pole.
Version 1.0 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual 7
3. Hardware
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3. Hardware
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3. Hardware
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3. Hardware
No antenna is included with the RWA-3400x Series as the choice of antenna varies depending on
the application. For assistance in selecting the appropriate antenna for your application contact
Demarc Technology Group via
• email at sales@demarctech.com
• on-line Support Request form at
www.demarctech.com/techsupport/support-form.html
• phone at 207.244.9068
Version 1.0 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual 11
3. Hardware
NOTE: The power supply voltage to the RWA-3400x Series is 18 VDC maximum. Use only
the approved Demarc power supply and PoE DC Injector/Splitter to supply power to the
RWA-3400x Series base station.
Figure 8. U-Clamps
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3. Hardware
Version 1.0 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual 13
4. Installation
4. Installation
This section provides information and procedures to assist you in installing your RWA-3400x
Series base station.
4.2.1 Location
When selecting an installation location for your RWA-3400x Series base station, location of the
antenna is important. Typically the enclosure will be installed nearby, either on the antenna mast
or on a wall or roof within a short cabling distance.
Placement of the antenna is critical in ensuring maximum range, consistent coverage and optimal
data rates. Usually, locating the antenna higher, with line-of-sight to a receiver, will result in
greater range. However, height advantage must be weighed against the danger of damage from
lightning strikes. Your antenna also must be located away from other radio or television antennas
to avoid interference.
In general, attempt to locate your antenna in an open area, free of obstacles such as trees,
buildings or hills. Obstacles can block radio signals or create reflections that result in
multipathing, a form of interference.
Site Surveys
Site surveys are important in optimizing link distances, coverage, signal paths and overall
network performance. A site survey may be as simple as a visual assessment of the physical
location, buildings and vegetation, or it may require RF and performance testing using more
sophisticated tools. In general, the following steps should be included in a site survey:
• Obtain a map or diagram of the coverage area.
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4. Installation
• Visually inspect the area to verify the map or diagram and note
objects that may affect radio propagation.
• Identify areas where users require coverage.
• Determine a preliminary base station location and required antenna.
• If possible, set up a temporary installation, for testing purposes.
• Use a tool such as NetStumbler (available on the Demarc website) to
test coverage.
• Repeat as necessary to determine the best location for your RWA-
3400x Series base station.
• Document the results for future reference.
NOTE: For more information on antenna placement see Chapter 7: Line of Sight
Considerations
4.2.3 Grounding
The RWA-3400x Series base station must be properly grounded to protect against power surges,
accumulated static electricity and lightning. It is the user's responsibility to install the RWA-
3400x Series base station in accordance with the National Electrical Code. These codes describe
correct installation procedures for grounding of the electronics, mast, lead-in wire and discharge
base station, location of discharge base station, size of grounding conductors and connection
requirements for grounding electrodes. It is recommended that the installation of the RWA-
3400x Series base station be contracted to a professional installer.
4.2.4 Precautions
• Do not place the RWA-3400x Series base station on or near a direct
heat source.
• The RWA-3400x Series base station must not be located near power
lines or other electrical power circuits.
Version 1.0 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual 15
4. Installation
2. Position the enclosure on the pole with the CAT5 and antenna
connections at the bottom.
3. Using the mounting holes on the top and bottom of the enclosure,
assemble the U-clamps as shown in the figure below.
16 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual Version 1.0
4. Installation
2. Using the mounting holes on the top and bottom of the enclosure,
securely fasten the enclosure using screws or lag bolts.
a) Gel filled cable: If you are using gel filled outdoor CAT5
cable, before inserting it into the enclosure, strip and clean off
about 8 inches of the cable sheath. (This ensures enough
flexibility to manipulate the cable inside the enclosure.)
Version 1.0 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual 17
4. Installation
4. Insert the CAT5 cable through the compression fitting on the bottom of
the enclosure into the RWA-3400x Series base station. (This is a tight
fit but a standard RJ-45 plug can be inserted through the fitting.)
6. Plug the RJ-45 connector into the PoE Ethernet Lightning Protector
inside the enclosure.
2. Plug the 18 VDC power supply adapter into the coaxial jack labeled
DC.
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4. Installation
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4. Installation
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5. Configuration
5. Configuration
Configuration of the RWA-3400x Series can be accomplished using any of the following user
interfaces.
• ReliaWave Network Management System (RW-NMS)
• Console Mode
• SSH Client
RW-NMS is provides a graphical user interface. Console Mode and SSH Client provide menu-
oriented interfaces.
3. Open it from the Start menu. The RW-NMS window will open.
NOTE: For more information on RW-NMS, including how to use it to configure the RWA-
3400x Series, refer to the ReliaWave Network Management System Configuration
Manual, available for download from www.demarctech.com.
Version 1.0 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual 21
5. Configuration
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5. Configuration
6. At the prompt, type admin again. The characters will not appear on the
screen. Press Enter. The following window will appear:
If no selections are made within a short period of time the words Connection tim will appear in
the window indicating the connection has timed out. The words localhost login: will reappear
and you will have to re-enter the login and password to access the menu.
7. Using the letters and numbers to the left of the menu entries, select the
configuration parameter you wish to change.
NOTE: Detailed configuration procedures are beyond the scope of this manual. For
information on how to configure the RWA-3400x Series consult the ReliaWave Network
Management System Configuration Manual. Use of the RW-NMS GUI interface is
recommended for configuration of the RWA-3400x Series.
Version 1.0 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual 23
5. Configuration
1. Type the IP Address of your RWA-3400x Series base station into the
IP Address field of the PuTTY Configuration dialog box. (default IP
address is 192.168.1.3)
2. Select the SSH option button, then click the Open button. The PuTTY
window will open and display the login prompt for the RWA-3400x
Series Configuration Menu.
3. At the prompt, type admin, then press Enter. The Password prompt
will appear.
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5. Configuration
4. At the Password prompt, type admin again. The characters will not
appear on the screen. Press Enter. The Configuration Menu will
appear.
If no selections are made within a short period of time the words Connection tim will appear in
the window indicating the connection has timed out. The words localhost login: will reappear
and you will have to re-enter the login and password to access the menu.
5. Using the letters and numbers to the left of the menu entries, select the
configuration parameter you wish to change.
NOTE: Detailed configuration procedures are beyond the scope of this manual. For
information on how to configure the RWA-3400x Series consult the ReliaWave Network
Management System Configuration Manual. Use of the RW-NMS GUI interface is
recommended for configuration of the RWA-3400x Series.
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5. Configuration
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6. Specifications and Default Settings
Specifications
Flash 32Mb
Management ReliaWave Network Management System, Serial Console Mode, SSH Client
AP Weight 2 lbs
Version 1.0 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual 27
6. Specifications and Default Settings
Network Characteristics
Hotspot Support WAN, LAN, DHCP, Firewalling, NAT, Wireless, Radius Client, UAM Authentication, Mac
address Authentication, Walled Garden, Advertisement Sites, Log in Page
Customization, Users Info and Radius Statistics
Monitoring / Management
Services Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), Network Time Protocol (NTP), HTTP
Server, SSH
Wi-Fi Association List Alias configurable attribute, Inactive Stations (Idle Time attribute), Link parameters
(Signal, Noise, Fade Margin, Rate), Command set availability (Remove from list,
Disassociate
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6. Specifications and Default Settings
Security
Radio Characteristics
Special Radio Features 802.11a/g: TX power control and ACK adjustment for long distance links
802.11a/g: Packet Bursting
802.11a/g: Fast Frames
802.11a/g: Hardware Compression and Encryption
802.11a/g: Multi-Channel Bonding
802.11a/g: Super-G (802.11G 108Mbps)
Version 1.0 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual 29
6. Specifications and Default Settings
Default Settings
Login admin
Password admin
IP Address 192.168.1.3
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7. Line-of-Sight Considerations
7. Line-of-Sight Considerations
The figures below illustrate various point-to-point (PTP) configurations. They show four typical
conditions: near-LOS, NLOS, and blocked LOS links, as well as clear LOS. Note that the ability
to avoid link problems is heavily dependent on the size of the first Fresnel zone. As frequency
goes up, this zone gets smaller, thus better avoiding the blockage that causes negative link
performance. For example, a 5GHz carrier has a smaller Fresnel zone than 2.4GHz.
Near-LOS
Near-LOS refers to a link that has clear line of sight, but buildings or trees are partially
penetrating the first Fresnel zone. A conventional rule of thumb is that the first Fresnel zone
needs to be 60 percent clear before there is any appreciable difference between a totally clear
LOS link and one that is near-LOS. So this definition of near-LOS is essentially the same as a
clear LOS link in that, from an RF perspective, there are no real obstacles in the link path.
Bounced LOS
Bounced LOS refers to a link in which there is complete visual blockage to the direct LOS link
path. The radio link is created by bouncing the radio signal off a nearby object to create a
bounced indirect link path around the obstacle. This will only work with radios that are using
OFDM.
Version 1.0 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual 31
7. Line of Sight Considerations
Blocked LOS
Blocked LOS refers to a link in which there is complete visual blockage of the LOS link path.
The radio signals must therefore propagate through or around the blockage (i.e., trees and
foliage). In general only higher EIRP levels will all for links to work if at all.
Clear, Unobstructed LOS (Also Known as Clear LOS)
Clear LOS refers to a link in which the path is a straight line between two link end points. Saying
that a link achieves clear LOS is sometimes ambiguous. Is the link completely clear of any
obstacles? The definition of “clear” typically refers to a link in which at least 60 percent of the
first Fresnel zone is free of any obstacles that would cause propagation shortcomings.
Performance Levels
When considering clear LOS, as well as blocked LOS, NLOS or near-LOS links, there is a fairly
simple set of guidelines that can be applied to the “guarantees” that are available to the operator.
These guidelines are summarized below, which compares link operational guarantees when the
equipment is first installed versus long-term operation.
Long-Term Operational
Initial Install
Availability/Reliability
Operational Guarantee
Guarantee
Bounced NLOS No No
Obstructed NLOS No No
The ability for a link to work is dependent on the required minimum signal level at the receiver
that can be processed or used. When the link is initially installed, it must achieve the required
sensitivity performance level. It is difficult to accurately predict the overall propagation loss in
any link that does not have clear, unobstructed LOS. Hence, under conditions without clear LOS,
there is a general inability to guarantee whether or not a given link will work in the first place.
For a link to stay working properly, the link must have enough “head room” to operate during all
of the expected variations that will be encountered. For this to be guaranteed, the expected
variations must be based on long-term statistical elements, which is done effectively in clear,
unobstructed LOS cases. For example, the use of long-term rain statistics (based on ITU 530) has
been proven effective in the design of microwave and millimeter wave clear LOS links.
However, when considering blocked LOS, NLOS or near-LOS links, propagation losses and/or
effects through trees or in bounced urban conditions are not statistically well defined. Therefore
guarantees are not readily possible in the blocked LOS, bounced LOS, NLOS, or near-LOS
cases.
32 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual Version 1.0
7. Line-of-Sight Considerations
There are a few technologies that can enhance overall performance in blocked LOS, near-LOS,
or NLOS conditions where multi-path becomes a limiting factor. Although such technologies
may help improve overall link performances, they do not achieve guaranteed performance. These
technologies include OFDM (multiple carriers), single carrier (i.e., QPSK or QAM) operation
with adaptive equalization and MIMO (multi-input multi-output) receiver technology.
NOTE: OFDM is used on 802.11a and 802.11g designs.
Version 1.0 ReliaWave RWA-3400x Series Installation Guide and User Manual 33