Toss-Up One: An excess of this molecules can result in the production of excess citrate or the formation of ketone bodies

which can lead to ketosis. This molecule is also an important component to the only neurotransmitter used in the motor division of the somatic nervous system. For ten points, name this important molecule in metabolism that is converted from pyruvate and functions to convey carbon atoms to the Krebs cycle to be oxidized. Acetyl Coenzyme A (Acetyl- CoA) Bonuses: Answer these questions associated with cellular respiration. i.) This coenzyme is a reducing agent that, along with FADH2, donates electrons for oxidative phosphorylation. NADH (Do not accept NAD+ or NAD) or Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide + Hydrogen ii.) In oxidative phosphorylation, inner membrane proteins pump out hydrogen ions into this region of mitochondria causing an electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane. Intermembrane Space Toss-Up Two: After a member of the Swabian branch of the House of Hohenzollern had been offered the vacant Spanish throne and declined, Count Vincent Benedetti demanded Wilhelm I that no other Hohenzollern prince ever again be permitted to be a candidate to the Spanish throne. This led to the Ems Dispatch, which led to the mobilization of France and its later declaration of war. For ten points, what is this 19th century war, also known as the War of 1870 in France which lead to the demise of the Second French Empire and formation of the German Empire? Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (Accept War of 1870 before it is read) Bonuses: Answer these questions about the Franco-Prussian War i.) This was the treaty that ended the Franco Prussian War and established the boundary between the French Third Republic and the newly unified German Empire which annexed Alsace-Lorraine. Treaty of Frankfurt ii.) This is political scandal occurred in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War and involved a French officer of Jewish descent having allegedly communicated French military secrets to the Parisian German Embassy. The Dreyfus Affair (accept laffaire Dreyfus)

Toss-Up Three: This mans magnus opus is considered his semiautobiographical epic poem in blank verse which was posthumously published in 1850. It was titled The Prelude by his widow. Another of his major works, The Excursion, was meant to be part of an unfinished larger work called The Recluse which was also meant to include The Prelude. For ten points, name this British Poet Laureate who with Samuel Taylor Coleridge helped launch the Romantic Age with their work Lyrical Ballads. William Wordsworth Bonuses: Answer these questions about literati associated with the Romantic Movement i.) This English poet wrote about a traveler from an antique land who encounters the ruins of a statue of the king of kings. Percy Bysshe Shelley (Question is referencing the poem Ozymandias) ii.) He was commissioned to produce a series of engravings for Dantes Divine Comedy, but is better known for his Songs of Innocence and of Experience. William Blake Toss-Up Four: The titular figure is send by her impoverished family to the mansion of a man formerly known as Simon Stokes, who had changed his surname to that of an ancient noble familys. The man with whom the title character has a child, christened Sorrow, becomes a wandering preacher after he is converted to Christianity by the father of Angel Clare, the man with whom the protagonist marries. For ten points, name this Thomas Hardy novel about heroine who murders her former lover and is to be executed by the novels end. Tess of the dUrbervilles Bonuses: Answer these questions about works by Thomas Hardy i.) The titular figure of this novel is Clym Yeobright who pursues and eventually has a failed marriage with Eustacia Vye. The Return of the Native

ii.) This novel centers around the love life of Bathsheba Everdene, eventually marries Gabriel Oak, the first of Bathshebas three suitors. Far from the Madding Crowd

Toss-Up Five: The accumulation of lipofuscin gives an indication to their relative age, and some viruses such as rabies exploit fast retrograde transport to invade them. Nissl bodies are dark-staining regions of compartmentalized rough endoplasmic reticulum that are unique to these cells. Name these cells that are structurally classified as multipolar, bipolar, unipolar and anaxonic, and functionally classified as sensory, motor, and inter-. Neurons (Accept Nerve Cells) Bonuses: Answer these questions about the nervous system i.) Also known as the visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system, it is functionally divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Autonomic Nervous System ii.) These cells protect and help neurons function and include oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells. Neuroglia (Accept glial cells)