The Renaissance and Reformation (1450-1600) 1. The Protestant Reformation 2. Gutenberg's Printing Press 3. Great Age of Exploration 4.

Calvinism 5. Erasmus's The Praise of Folly 6. The English Reformation

Martin Luther.

The Protestant Reformation - Erasmus's The Praise of Folly, Martin Luther's ninety-five complaints against the sale of indulgences, and Charles V's struggle for German unity were contributions toward the emergence of protestantism across Europe - Martin Luther wrote ninety-five theses and nailed them to the door of the Castle Church at Wittenberg in 1517. The theses critiqued the church's theology by acknowledging the church's sale of indulgences, specifically to Albert Hohenzollern - Gutenberg's printing press allowed Martin Luther's doctrines to span Europe within a month. A university student had sent Martin Luther's theses to Martin Luther's university's press - The church completed religious rituals that were devoid of meaning to Europeans. In addition, the noble class sought to expand its territory by removing the church and having state control - The renaissance's movement of humanism made the papacy spend church funds recklessly. Europeans became aware of the papacy and the church's secularism - John Calvin's calvinism and the Elector of Saxony's prestige strengthened Luther's protestant rebellion - Europeans cultivated their personal lives, and maintained faith for salvation through protestantism

Desiderius Erasmus.

Gutenberg's Printing Press - Johannes Gutenberg was responsible for Europe's widespread use of the printing press in 1450 - Before the printing press, knowledge was memorized with rhyme. Books preserved knowledge through print - The church's secular behaviour is critiqued with the printing press's ability to provide information as a commodity - The printing of books led to the sale of books, capitalism - Bibles were printed, and the church's claim to be the custodian of truth was opposed with the printing of bibles - Latin's prevalence decreases with grammar books. Direct observation grows because of individuals' desire to learn from books (circa 1550). Nicolaus Copernicus's On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres indicates the start of the scientific revolution - The literate class grows - With Gutenberg's bible, German nationalism was introduced and Europeans were discouraged to follow the pope in Rome

Johannes Gutenberg.

Great Age of Exploration - Henry the Navigator's school of navigation is started in 1416 to promote world exploration - Muslims and Venetians prevent Europeans from trading with the Far East, consequently giving Europeans a reason to explore the New World - Ptolemy's ecumene; a 1000 year-old map, was recovered in western Europe. It characterized the world as round. Columbus sailed from western Europe to Asia because of the map's depiction - The caravel ship enabled travel across the world - The Great Age of Exploration brought metals into Europe from the New World, moved Europe's population to the New World, and capitalism flourished - The Far East communicated with Italian city-states, and Europe learned of extravagant taste - Ferdinand Magellan's crew completes an expedition around the world and deems the world round

Henry the 'Cinnabon Navigator'.

Erasmus's The Praise of Folly - Desiderius Erasmus's The Praise of Folly was published in 1511. The Praise of Folly is a renaissance satire... - Erasmus's views on the church's theology were expressed in The Praise of Folly by using four perspectives of Folly - Totally to understand the contours of his thought in so many different fields demands a rare and complex competence unlikely to be found in any individual modern scholar

The English Reformation - To get an annulment from his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII executes the Archbishop of Canterbury. Afterward, the English Reformation begins with the Reformation Parliament - After the Reformation Parliament of 1529, England does not respond to the pope's authority, and adheres to the clergy's newfound power - To obtain annulment from his marriage, Henry VIII needs to become the Supreme Head of Church of England - Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy made him the Supreme Head of Church of England - Nobles gained the church's lands, and Henry VIII refused to approve of protestantism - Under Henry VIII's spiritual rule, people become motivated to add protestantism to Europe's religious doctrines

Henry VII.

Henry VIII.

Religion & God 1. The Church's shift into a secular institution. Members of the Church's hierarchy began to turn to worldliness 2. Salvation based on justification by faith alone under the context of predestination, Only God knows who will be saved and will be damned 3. One of Martin Luther's theses says: -.. but the Suffrage of the Church depends on the will of God alone, to indicate predestination 4. Martin Luther played the greatest role in developing this new idea. His theses explicitly outline salvation as the result of justification by faith alone

Because school didn't understand you. When you went to school, you were like a star-shaped peg trying to fit in a round hole.

Calvinism - John Calvin was a follower of Martin Luther's Lutheranism and possessed knowledge of the renaissance's humanism - The Institutes of the Christian Religion was written by John Calvin and established Calvinism: man was a helpless being before an all-powerful God - John Calvin's calling concept stated that the spiritual calling of men was to work hard, which transformed Calvinists into capitalists; hard work equated to wealth - Calvinism gave Europeans a fulfilled life, with the benefit of spiritualism. By 1564, Calvinism was widely recognized in Europe
Jean 'John' Calvin.

Government & Rulers 1. Division of an empire into kingdoms. Charlemagne divided his empire into three kingdoms and political boundaries were established in Europe 2. The nobility exerted state control over the church; the northern kings of Europe and the territorial princes of Germany. 3. Martin Luther's ninety-five theses incited a rebellion against the church's secularism, and a desire to reform Christianity 4. Martin Luther played the greatest role in replacing the church with the nobility. His ninety-five theses revealed the church and papacy's avarice to all of Europe

Yo, what's up America? This is Cody Danger with MTV Whypz. You whypin' hard? I'm here with Kyle. At the Sima, at the Ken Block, XGames.. uh.. show. Pre-show.

Human Nature 1. Doubt, inquire, and perceive the truth 2. Calvinism was the new idea. It acknowledged humanity's fate as work at your calling, be thrifty, sober, and abstain from frivolity and man is predestined for Heaven or Hell 3. At Geneva, John Calvin used Calvinism as a new doctrine for Genevans to follow 4. John Calvin was responsible for the rise of Calvinism in Europe. The Institutes of the Christian Religion explained the calling concept and humanity's helplessness

Martin Luther's statue at Wittenberg.

The Structure of Society 1. An urban bourgeoisie is present in society as individuals form artisan guilds for self-gain. Cities expand in popularity and the aristocracy grows wealthier as a result 2. Individualism is the new structure of society 3. The art and writing of the Renaissance emphasized individuals' individualistic goals 4. The pope commissioned Michelangelo for the Sistine Chapel's artwork to increase his religious influence over Europe. While attempting to increase his influence, the pope portrayed his individualism

This one, I was high when I thought of the idea; 'Spice It Up', but I finished it on coke.

Our World / Our Universe 1. Plato counteracted Immanuel's statement: Knowledge exists without experience. Humanity's labor to comprehend the world is futile given the eternal presence of knowledge 2. Humanism replaced knowledge exists without experience as Europeans' perspective of the world/universe 3. The Oration on the Dignity of Man insinuates man's ability to excel and have faith in a religion; humanism 4. Pico della Mirandola gave The Oration on the Dignity of Man. The Great Chain of Being's premise conflicted with Pico's argument for man's freedom

Pico della Mirandola.

This one-.. I was completely high when I did this. From start to finish. On a sativa, which is a cerebral, mental high.

15th Century Art The Mona Lisa In 1503, Leonardo da Vinci began painting the Mona Lisa at Florence in Italy, and finished the painting circa 1506. On August 21, 1911, the painting was stolen and recovered two years afterward. The painting is an oil painting and uses a poplar panel. Its current resting place is the Louvre in Paris. Its significance is due to Leonardo da Vinci's use of background atmosphere, foreground expression, vagueness in the woman's posture, and a growing individualism for portraiture in the Renaissance.

The Mona Lisa.

Painted this one hundred percent high.

Institutes of the Christian Religion Jean Calvin was a reputable humanist and protestant, whose conversion to protestantism allowed the Institutes of the Christian Religion to emerge in 1559. The Institutes of the Christian Religion is composed of 4 books, and the relationship between man, God, and the sacraments is provided in its depths. In addition, Jean Calvin critiqued the Anabaptists and wanted to provide Europe's knowledge of protestant faith amongst numerous heretical movements. The Institutes of the Christian Religion exemplifies the beliefs of the era with its dissection of protestantism. Protestantism's popularity expanded in the 15th century, and Jean Calvin's clarification of its theology was a contribution to Europeans' switch from Christianity to Calvinism in 1564.

Hopefully, it isn't profane and is the Institutes instead.