EE359 Lecture 5 Outline

Announcements:
No lecture Mon 10/17
Lecture Wed. 10/19 moved to 6pm (w/pizza)
Makeup lecture 10/21 9:30-10:45am (w/donuts)


Review of Last Lecture
Narrowband Fading Model
In-Phase and Quad Signal Components
Crosscorrelation of RX Signal in NB Fading
Correlation and PSD in uniform scattering
Signal Envelope Distributions
iid x for Gaussian x
i
n
i
i
n

=

1
lim Correction: CLT (not LLN) means:
Review of Last Lecture
Model Parameters from Measurements
Random Multipath Model
Channel Impulse Response


Received signal characteristics
Many multipath components
Amplitudes change slowly
Phases change rapidly


)) ( ( ) ( ) , (
1
) (
t e t t c
n
N
n
t j
n
n
t t o o t

=

Narrowband Model
Assume delay spread max
m,n
|t
n
(t)-t
m
(t)|<<1/B

Then u(t)~u(t-t).
Received signal given by


No signal distortion (spreading in time)
Multipath affects complex scale factor in brackets.
Characterize scale factor by setting u(t)=e
j|
0
)
`

9 =

=

) (
0
) ( 2
) ( ) ( ) (
t N
n
t j
n
t f j
n c
e t e t u t r
| t
o
In-Phase and Quadrature
under CLT Approximation
In phase and quadrature signal components:



For N(t) large, r
I
(t) and r
Q
(t) jointly Gaussian by
CLT (sum of large # of random vars).

Received signal characterized by its mean,
autocorrelation, and cross correlation.
If
n
(t) uniform, the in-phase/quad components are
mean zero, indep., and stationary.
), 2 cos( ) ( ) (
) (
0
) (
t f e t t r
c
t N
n
t j
n I
n
t o
|

=
) 2 sin( ) ( ) (
) (
0
) (
t f e t t r
c
t N
n
t j
n Q
n
t o
|

=
Auto and Cross Correlation
Recall that u
n
is the multipath arrival angle
Autocorrelation of inphase/quad signal is


Cross Correlation of inphase/quad signal is

Autocorrelation of received signal is
u t t t t
u
/ cos ], 2 [cos ) ( ) (
n D D r r
v f f PE A A
n n n Q I
= = =
) ( ] 2 [sin ) (
, ,
t t t t
u
Q I n n Q I
r r D r r
A f PE A = =
) 2 sin( ) ( ) 2 cos( ) ( ) (
,
t t t t t t t
c r r c r r
f A f A A
Q I I
=
), 2 cos( ) ( ) (
) (
0
) (
t f e t t r
c
t N
n
t j
n I
n
t o
|

= ) 2 sin( ) ( ) (
) (
0
) (
t f e t t r
c
t N
n
t j
n Q
n
t o
|

=
, |
n
~U[0,2t]
Uniform AOAs

Under uniform scattering, in phase and quad comps
have no cross correlation and autocorrelation is



The PSD of received signal is
) 2 ( ) ( ) (
0
t t t t
D r r
f PJ A A
Q I
= =
Decorrelates over roughly half a wavelength
)] 2 ( [ ) (
)] ( ) ( [ 25 . ) (
0
t t
D r
c r c r r
f PJ f S
f f S f f S f S
I
I I
F =
+ + =
f
c
+f
D
Used to generate simulation values
f
c
S
r
(f)

f
c
-f
D
Signal Envelope Distribution
CLT approx. leads to Rayleigh distribution (power
is exponential)

When LOS component present, Ricean
distribution is used

Measurements support Nakagami distribution in
some environments
Similar to Ricean, but models worse than Rayleigh
Lends itself better to closed form BER expressions
Main Points

Narrowband model has in-phase and quad. comps
that are zero-mean stationary Gaussian processes
Auto and cross correlation depends on AOAs of multipath

Uniform scattering makes autocorrelation of inphase
and quad comps of RX signal follow Bessel function
Signal components decorrelate over half wavelength
The PSD has a bowel shape centered at carrier frequency


Fading distribution depends on environment
Rayleigh, Ricean, and Nakagami all common