II.

Coccobacilli
Bacillus Thuringiensis
is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, commonly used as a
pesticide. Additionally, B. thuringiensis also occurs naturally in
the gut of caterpillars of various types of moths and butterflies, as
well as on the dark surface of plants.

Bordetella
is a genus of small (0.2 - 0.7 µm), Gram-negative
coccobacilli of the phylum proteobacteria. Bordetella species, with
the exception of B. petrii, are obligate aerobes as well as highly
fastidious, or difficult to culture. Three species are human
pathogens (B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, B. bronchiseptica); one
of these (B. bronchiseptica) is also motile

III. Irregular Rods

Clostridium tetani
is an anaerobic bacterium of the genus Clostridium. Like
other Clostridium species, it is Gram-positive, and its appearance
on a gram stain resembles tennis rackets or drumsticks.C. tetani is
found as spores in soil or as parasites in the gastrointestinal tract of
animals. C. tetani produces a potent biological toxin,
tetanospasmin, and is the causative agent of tetanus.

IV. Filamentous Rods

Bacteroides biacutis

is a genus of Gram-negative, bacillus bacteria.

Bacteroides species are non-endospore-forming, anaerobes,
and may be either motile or non-motile, depending on the
species. The DNA base composition is 40-48% GC.
Unusual in bacterial organisms, Bacteroides membranes
contain sphingolipids. They also contain meso-
diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan layer.
 Nocardia
is a genus of weakly-staining Gram-positive,
catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria. It forms partially acid-
fast beaded branching filaments (acting as fungi, but being
truly bacteria). It has total 85 species. Some species are non
pathogenic; some species are pathogenic (nocardiosis).
Nocardia are found worldwide in soil that is rich with organic
matter. Most Nocardia infections are acquired by inhalation of
the bacteria or through traumatic introduction.

V. Palisades Arrangement
Corynebacterium diphtheriae

is a pathogenic bacterium that causes diphtheria. It is also

known as the Klebs-Löffler bacillus, because it was discovered in
1884 by German bacteriologists Edwin Klebs (1834 – 1912) and
Friedrich Löffler (1852 – 1915).

VI. Spore – Forming Rods

Bacillus stearothermophilus

(or Geobacillus stearothermophilus) is a rod-shaped, Gram-

positive bacterium and a member of the division Firmicutes. The
bacteria is a thermophile and is widely distributed in soil, hot
springs, ocean sediment, and is a cause of spoilage in food
products. It will grow within a temperature range of 30-75 degrees
celsius. It is commonly used as a challenge organism for sterilization validation studies and
periodic check of sterilization cycles.

Coxiella burnetii

is a species of intracellular, pathogenic bacteria, and

is the causative agent of Q fever. The genus Coxiella is
morphologically similar to Rickettsia, but with a variety of
genetic and physiological differences. C. burnetii are small
Gram negative bacteria with two growth phases, as well as
a spore form which lies idle in soil.[1] It can survive
standard disinfectants, and is resistant to many other
environmental changes like those presented in the
phagolysosome.