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curva de
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curva de

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0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

T=0

0.25

0.05

0.5

0.1

0.75
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0.9

0.7 0.6

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.5
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0.3

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1.25
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0.1

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0.3

0.6

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U = A/Atot
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Grau de consolidao mdio, U

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4

Uz

0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4
0.5
0.6
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0.7

0.8

0.9

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