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2 H2O
electricity
2 H2
O2
If 22.4 g of hydrogen and 177.6 g of oxygen are formed, how many grams of water reacted? Conservation of mass mass of reactants = mass of products mass of H2O = mass of H2 + mass of O2 mass of H2O = 22.4 g + 177.6 g mass of H2O = 200.0 g
C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g)
propane oxygen
3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(g)
carbon dioxide water
C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g)
3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(g)
If you are given the amount of any reactant or product involved in the reaction:
you can calculate the amounts of all the other reactants and
3 carbon atoms, 8 hydrogen atoms, 10 oxygen atoms 3 carbon atoms, 8 hydrogen atoms, 10 oxygen atoms
A balanced chemical equation is an expression of the Law of Conservation of Mass Matter can not be created nor destroyed -- it can only shift from one form to another
In a chemical reaction, no atoms are created or destroyed -- they are just recombined to form new substances
1 bag flour
1 carton milk
+ 6 eggs
24 pancakes
1 bag flour
1 carton milk
+ 6 eggs
24 pancakes
If you use 2 bags of flour, how many pancakes will you get? (2 bags flour) 24 pancakes 1 bag flour = X pancakes 2 bags flour (2 bags flour)
If you want to make 36 pancakes, how many eggs will you need to use? (36 pancakes) 6 eggs 24 pancakes = X eggs 36 pancakes (36 pancakes)
48 pancakes = X
9 eggs = X
Remember: In a balanced chemical equation, coefcients indicate the relative numbers of formula units and relative numbers of moles of each reactant / product
Cu Cu O
Cu
Cu
+
Cu
O Cu O
+
Cu
O Cu O
2 Cu
+ (1) O2
2 molecules CuO 2 atoms Cu
2 CuO 2 Cu
2 Cu atoms
If you react 6 atoms of Cu, how many molecules of CuO will you get? (6 atoms Cu) = X molecules CuO 6 atoms Cu (6 atoms Cu)
+ (1) O2
1 O2 molecule
2 CuO
2 CuO molecules
6 molecules CuO = X
Remember: In a balanced chemical equation, coefcients indicate the relative numbers of formula units and relative numbers of moles of each reactant / product
Cu Cu O
you can calculate the amounts of all the other reactants and products
that are consumed or produced in the reaction
+
Cu
O Cu O
C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g)
BUT REMEMBER!
3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(g)
2 Cu
2 moles Cu
+ (1) O2
1 mole O2
2 CuO
2 moles CuO
The coefcients in a chemical equation provide information ONLY about the proportions of MOLES of reactants and products
2*(6.022 x 1023 atoms/mol) 1*(6.022 x 1023 molecules/mol) 2*(6.022 x 1023 molecules/mol) = 1.204 x 1024 atoms Cu = 6.022 x 1023 molecules O2 = 1.204 x 1024 molecules CuO
Mole ratio between unknown substance (ammonia) and known substance (hydrogen): Moles of substance B n 8.00 moles H2
Moles of substance A
( 8.00 moles H2 )
( 8.00 moles H2 )
Grams of substance A
Use molar mass of substance A Use ratio between coefficients of substances A and B from balanced equation
Grams of substance B
Step 1: Convert the amount of known substance (N2O) from grams to moles Molar mass N2O: ( 2 x 14.01 g/mol ) + 16.00 g/mol = 44.02 g/mol 8.75 g N2O ( 1 mol N2O / 44.02 g N2O ) = 0.199 mol N2O
Moles of substance A
Moles of substance B
Step 2: Determine the number of moles of the unknown substance (HNO3) required to produce the number of moles of the known substance (0.199 mol N2O)
Mole ratio between the unknown substance (nitric acid) and the known substance (dinitrogen monoxide): ( 0.199 mol N2O ) n 0.199 mol N2O =
10 mol HNO3 1 mol N2O 10 mol HNO3 1 mol N2O ( 0.199 mol N2O )
Step 3: Convert the amount of unknown substance (1.99 moles HNO3) from moles to grams Molar mass HNO3: 1.008 g/mol + 14.01 g/mol + ( 3 x 16.00 g/mol ) = 63.02 g/mol 1.99 mol HNO3 ( 63.02 g HNO3 / 1 mol HNO3 ) = 125 g HNO3
Step 1: Convert the amount of known substance (C5H12) from grams to moles Molar mass C5H12: ( 5 x 12.01 g/mol ) + ( 12 x 1.008 g/mol ) = 72.15 g/mol
Step 2: Determine the number of moles of the unknown substance (CO2) required to produce the number of moles of the known substance (1.39 mol C5H12)
Mole ratio between the unknown substance (carbon dioxide) and the known substance (pentane): ( 1.39 mol C5H12 ) n 1.39 mol C5H12
5 mol CO2 1 mol C5H12 5 mol CO2 1 mol C5H12 ( 1.39 mol C5H12 )
Homework assignment
Chapter 6 Problems: 6.63, 6.64, 6.66, 6.67, 6.68 6.69
Step 3: Convert the amount of unknown substance ( 6.95 moles CO2 ) from moles to grams Molar mass CO2: 12.01 g/mol + ( 2 x 16.00 g/mol ) = 44.01 g/mol
= 306 g CO2