Oxidation and Reduction Reactions Workbook Period/Topic 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

Oxidation, Reduction, Agents, & Reactions. Lab: The Strength of Oxidizing Agents. Oxidation Numbers Spontaneous Reactions Oxidation Numbers, Application to Reactions. Balancing Redox Half Reactions Acid/Base. Balancing Redox Reactions in Acid/Base. Standard Potentials Using Chart. Electrochemical Cells. Electrochemical Cells Lab. Electrolytic Cells. Electrolytic Cells Lab. Application of Electrochemical Cells Application of Electrolytic Cells Corrosion, Redox Titrations, Breathalyzer Review. Review Test. WS 9 WS 10 Internet Review Practice Test 2 5 6 Practice Test 1 WS 8 4 WS 2 WS 3 WS 4 WS 5 WS 6 WS 7 3 2 1 Worksheets WS 1 Quiz

Worksheet #1 Define each 1. 2. 3. 4. Oxidation Reduction Oxidizing agent Reducing agent

Redox Half Reactions and Reactions

Write half reactions for each of the following atoms or ions. Label each as oxidation or reduction. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Al S O-2 Ba2+ N3Br2 P Ca Ga3+ S H2 H+ FP3-

Balance each spontaneous redox equation. Identify the entities reduced and oxidized. State the reducing agent and the oxidizing agent. 19. Al & Zn2+

20.

F2

&

O2-

21.

O2

&

Ca

22.

Al3+

&

Li

Write the oxidation and reduction reactions for each redox reaction. The first one is done for you. 23. Fe2+ Oxidation: Reduction: 24. 3 Ag+ Oxidation: Reduction: 25. Cu2+ Oxidation: Reduction: + Pb Pb2+ + Cu + Co Fe2+ + + Co Co2+ 2eNi + 2eFe Ni3+ + 3 Ag Co2+ + Fe

26.

O2 Oxidation: Reduction:

2 Sn

O2-

2 Sn2+

27.

Co2+ Oxidation: Reduction:

2 F-

Co

F2

28. There are nine formulas for oxidizing agents from questions 19 to 28. List them all. Only consider formulas that are on the left side of any equation. The first one is done for you. Zn2+ 29. There are nine formulas for reducing agents from questions 19 to 28. List them all. Only consider formulas that are on the left side of any equation. The first one is done for you. Al

Worksheet #2 1.

Redox Half Reactions and Reactions

State the Oxidation Number of each of the elements that is underlined. a) NH3 c) ZnSO3 e) Na g) AgNO3 i) SO2 k) Ca(ClO3)2 m) HPO32o) MnO2 q) PbO2 s) K2SO4 u) Na2O2 w) Fe2O3 y) NaIO3 aa) NO3cc) CaH2 ee) Fe(H2O)63+ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ b) H2SO4 d) Al(OH)3 f) Cl2 h) ClO4j) K2Cr2O4 l) K2Cr2O7 n) HClO p) KClO3 r) PbSO4 t) NH4+ v) FeO x) SiO44z) ClO3bb) Cr(OH)4 _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

dd) Pt(H2O)5(OH)2+ _____ ff) CH3COOH _____

2.

What is the oxidation number of carbon in each of the following substances? a) CO c) CO2 e) C2H6 _____ _____ _____ b) C d) CO32f) CH3OH _____ _____ _____

3. a)

For each of the following reactants, identify: the oxidizing agent, the reducing agent, the substance oxidized and the substance reduced. Cu2+ (aq) + Zn (s) Cu(s) + Zn2+ (aq) Substance oxidized Oxidizing agent _____ _____ _____ _____ Substance reduced Reducing agent 2 Na+ (aq) + 2 Cl- (aq) ____ _____ _____ _____

b)

Cl2 (g) +

2 Na (s)

Substance oxidized Oxidizing agent Worksheet # 3

Substance reduced Reducing agent

Spontaneous and Non-spontaneous Redox Reactions

Describe each reaction as spontaneous or non-spontaneous. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Au3+ Pb Cl2 + + F+ Fe3+ Fe3+ Fe2+ Fe2+ F2 2SO42Cu + + + + Au Pb2+ 2Cl+ Pb2+ Br2 2BrPb

S2O82- + Pb Cu2+ + Sn2+ Pb2+ + + 2BrBr2 Fe2+

Sn4+ + Fe3+ +

Can you keep 1 M HCl in an iron container? If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for the reaction that would occur. Can you keep 1 M HCl in an Ag container? If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for the reaction that would occur.

9.

10.

Can you keep 1 M HNO3 in an Ag container? If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for the reaction that would occur. (HNO3 consists of two ions H+ and NO3-)

11.

Can you keep 1 M HNO3 in an Au container? If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for the reaction that would occur. (Remember, HNO3 consists of two ions H+ and NO3-)

12.

Circle each formula that is able to lose an electron O2 ClFe Na+

13.

Determine the oxidation number for the element underlined. PbSO4 __________ ClO3__________ 2HP03 __________ Na2O2 __________ CaH2 __________ Al2(SO4)3 __________ NaIO3 __________ C4H12 __________ Al3+ + Zn Al + Zn2+

14.

Substance oxidized _______ Oxidizing agent ________ 15. Cr2O72+ ClO2- Cr3+ + ClO4-

Substance reduced ________ Oxidizing agent ________ 16. State the Oxidation Number of each of the elements that is underlined. a) NH3 c) ZnCO3 e) Na __________ __________ __________ b) H2SO4 d) Al(OH)3 f) Cl2 __________ __________ __________

17. Balance the redox equation using the half reaction method. Al & AgNO3

18. Circle each formula that is able to lose an electron O2 ClFe Na+

Determine the oxidation number for the element underlined. 19. PbSO4 __________ 20. ClO3 __________ 221. HPO3 __________ 22. Na202 __________

23. 24. 25. 26. 27.

CaH2 NaIO3 C4H12 Al2(SO4)3 Al3+ +

Zn

__________ __________ __________ __________ Al __________ Cr3+

Zn2+ __________

Substance oxidized 28. Cr2O72- +

Oxidizing agent + ClO4-

ClO2-

Substance reduced 29.

__________

Oxidizing agent + 2H+

__________

O3 + H2O + SO2

SO42- + O2

Substance oxidized__________ 30. 3As2O3 +

Reducing agent

__________ + 4NO __________

4NO3- + 7H2O + 4 H+ 6H3AsO4 Reducing agent

Substance reduced __________

Worksheet # 4

Balancing Redox Reactions

Balance each of the following half-cell reactions. (In each case assume that the reaction takes place in an ACIDIC solution.) Also, state whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction. 1. S2O32- SO42-

2.

MnO4-

Mn2+

3.

As

AsO43-

4.

Cr3+

Cr2O72-

5.

Pb2+

PbO2

6.

SO42-

7.

NO3-

NO

8.

NO3-

NH4+

9.

BrO3-

Br2

Balancing Half Cell Reactions Balance in basic solution. 10. NO3 NO

11.

MnO4-

Mn2+

12.

As

AsO43-

13.

Cr3+

Cr2O72-

14.

Pb2+

PbO2

15.

SO42-

16.

S2O32-

SO42-

17.

NO3-

NH4+

18.

BrO3-

Br2

19. Determine if each of the following changes is oxidation, reduction or neither. SO32CaO CrO42CrO42 SO42Ca Cr2O72Cr3+ ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

2IIO3MnO4ClO220. Cr2O72+

Fe2+ _____ _____

I2 I2 Mn2+ ClOCr3+ + Fe3+

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

Substance oxidized Oxidizing agent

Substance reduced Reducing agent

_____ _____

Worksheet # 5

Balancing Redox Reactions in Acid and Basic Solution

Balance each redox equation. Assume all are spontaneous. Use the half reaction method. 1. 2. 3. O2Al K + + + F2 O2 Zn+2

Balance each half reaction in basic solution. 4. 5. 6. 7. Cr2O72 NO SO42MnO2

-

Cr3+ NO3SO2 Mn2O3

Balance each redox reaction in acid solution using the half reaction method. 8. H2O2 + Cr2O72 O2 + Cr3+

9.

TeO32- +

N2O4

Te

NO3-

10.

ReO4- +

IO-

IO3-

Re

11.

PbO2 +

I2

Pb2+

IO3-

12.

As

H2AsO4-

AsH3

Balance each redox reaction in basic solution using the half reaction method.

13.

O2

Cr3+

H2O2

Cr2O72-

14.

Te

NO3-

TeO32-

N2O4

15.

IO3-

Re

ReO4-

IO-

16.

Pb2+

IO3-

PbO2

I2

17.

Cr2O72- +

Hg

Hg2+

Cr3+

State of the change represents oxidation, reduction or neither. Use oxidation #s. Remember that if the oxidation # increases it means oxidation and when it decreases it mean reduction! 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. MnO2 NH3 HClO4 O2 P2O5 Mn2O3 NO2 HCl O2P4H10 + H2O

Determine the oxidation number 23. 24. 25. 26. H2S O4 P4 U O3 U 2O5 22. 23. 24. 25. HS O4NaH Na2O 2 P b SO4

Worksheet # 6 1.

Review

Describe each in your own words a) Oxidation b) Reduction c) Oxidizing agent d) Reducing agent

2. Write half reactions for each. Describe as oxidation or reduction. Circle all oxidizing agents. a) b) c) d) e) f) Na Ca Al3+ F1N2 O2-

3.

Write the reaction between the following: Use the half reaction method. a) Ca + Al(NO3)3

b)

Sn

AgNO3

c)

Sn

Au(NO3)3

4. 5. 6.

Circle each reducing agent:

Cu

Cu+ F

Al O2-

Al3+ O2

Circle each oxidizing agent: F-

Ni+2 reacts with Mn, however, Al+3 does not react with Mn. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength.

7.

Ag+ reacts with Pb, however, Ca+2 does not react with Pb. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength.

8.

Cl2 reacts with Ag, however, Ag does not react with Mg+2. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength.

9.

Ni+2 reacts with Mn, however, Al+3 does not react with Mn. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength.

10.

Cl2 reacts with Br-, however, I2 does not react with Br-. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength.

Classify as oxidation, reduction or neither. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. SO42MnO2 Cr2O72IO3 S2MnO4CrO42I2

Given the following lab data SnCl2 Ni(NO3)2 Cr(NO3)3 i) & & & Ni Fe Fe Spontaneous Spontaneous Non spontaneous.

Write three balanced equations.

ii)

Rank the oxidizing agents in decreasing order of strength.

iii)

Rank the reducing agents in decreasing order of strength.

iv)

Will SnCl2 react with Cr? Explain?

v) 16.

Will Fe2+ react with Sn? Determine the oxidizing and reducing agent. Balance in acidic solution. MnO4- + H2S S + MnO

17.

Determine the oxidizing and reducing agent. Balance in acidic solution. SO42- + Br2 S2O32- + BrO3-

18.

Balance in basic solution

MnO4-

H2S

MnO

19.

Describe as spontaneous or non-spontaneous. Use your reduction potential chart. a) c) ZnCl2 & Br2 Cu & Fe
2+

b) d)

CuCl2 & H2S

NaCl & Al3+

20.

Can you keep HCl in a Zn container? Explain? What about an Au container?

Balance in basic solution 21. SO42- + Br2 S2O32- + BrO3-

Classify as an oxidizing agent, reducing agent or both based on its position on the table. State the Eo or voltage of its position. Some of these are both, so state two voltages and indicate that it can be an oxidizing and reducing agent. e.g. MnO422. 23. 24. 25. 26. (in acid) oxidizing agent 1.51 V Br2 _________________ _________________ Fe2+ _________________ _________________ MnO4 (water)_________________ _________________ Ni _________________ _________________ 3+ Cr _________________ _________________

27.

H2O

_________________

_________________

Indicate as spontaneous or non-spontaneous. 28. 29. 30. MnO4- (Alkaline) & Fe2+ HNO3 & Ag HCl & Mg

Write each oxidation and reduction half reaction for each question above. Determine the Eo for each. Calculate the Eo for the overall reaction. 34. 35. 36. Worksheet # 7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Electrochemical Cells . . . . . . on the chart, while the . .

Oxidation is when electrons are Reduction is when electrons are The reducing agent undergoes The oxidizing agent undergoes A negative voltage means the reaction is

In an electrochemical cell electrons exit the electrode which is In an electrochemical cell the reduction reaction is oxidation reaction is . The cathode is the site of Anions migrate to the Anions have a

and the anode is the site of and cations migrate to the

charge and cations have a

charge.

Draw and completely analyze each electrochemical cell. 11. Zn / Zn(NO3)2 ll Cu / Cu(NO3)2

12.

Ag / AgNO3

ll

H2 / HCl

Worksheet # 8 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Electrolytic Cells electrode and oxidation occurs at one on the chart occurs. to to . and the sign of the one on the chart occurs.

In an electrolytic cell, reduction occurs at the the electrode. If there are two possible reduction reactions, the For reduction, the chart is read from For oxidation, the chart is read from voltage is . If there are two possible oxidation reactions, the Corrosion of a metal is Electrolysis Electrochemical cells Electrolytic cells . electrical energy. electrical energy. electrical energy. Eo =

What is the standard reference cell?

Draw and completely analyze each electrolytic cell. 11. Molten NaCl

12.

Aqueous Na2SO4

13.

Liquid K2O

14.

1.0 M LiI

15.

250.0 mL of 0.200 M MnO4- reacts with excess SO3-2. How many grams of MnO2 are produced? This is Chemistry 11 stoichiometry. 2MnO4- + 3SO32- + H2O 2MnO2 + 3SO42- + 2OH-

16.

Determine the oxidation number for each underlined atom. MnO2 Cr2O72IO3C2O42Al(NO3)3 Describe each term: Salt bridge Electrolyte

17.

Anode Cathode Spontaneous Electron affinity 18. What would happen if you used an aluminum spoon to stir a solution of FeSO4(aq)? Write a reaction and calculate Eo.

19.

Draw an electrochemical cell using Cu and Ag electrodes.

20. 21.

250.0 mL of 0.500 M MnO4- are required to titrate a 100.0 ml sample of SO3-2. Calculate the [SO3-2] 2MnO4- + 3SO32- + H2O 2MnO2 + 3SO42- + 2OHHow is the breathalyzer reaction used to determine blood alcohol content (you might need to look this up in your textbook?

22.

2H+ + Mg Mg2+ +H2 Oxidizing agent__________

Reducing agent_________

Worksheet # 9

Electrolytic, Electrochemical Cells & Application

Determine the half reactions for each cell and the cell voltage or minimum theoretical voltage and overall equation. 1. Ag / Pb electrochemical cell. Anode: Anode reaction: Overall reaction: 2. Cathode: Cathode reaction: Voltage:

ZnCl2(l) electrolytic cell (electrowinning) Anode: Anode reaction: Overall reaction: Cathode: Cathode reaction: MTV:

3.

CuSO4(aq) electrolytic cell (electrowinning) Anode: Anode reaction: Overall reaction: Cathode: Cathode reaction: MTV:

4.

The electrolysis of 1M NaI (electrowinning) Anode: Anode reaction: Overall reaction: Cathode: Cathode reaction: MTV:

5.

The reaction needed to make Al. The electrolyte is (molten or aqueous).

and its phase is

To lower the mp. from 2000 oC to 800 oC is used. Anode: Cathode: Anode reaction: Cathode reaction: Overall reaction: 6. The reaction needed to electroplate a copper penny with silver. Anode: Anode reaction: Possible Electrolyte: 7. The reaction needed to nickel plate a copper penny. Anode: Anode reaction: Possible Electrolyte: 8. The reaction used in the electrorefining of lead. Anode: Anode reaction: Possible Electrolyte: Worksheet # 10 Electrolytic, Electrochemical Cells, Corrosion, & Cathodic Protection Cathode: Cathode reaction: Cathode: Cathode reaction: Cathode: Cathode reaction:

Determine the half reactions for each cell and the cell voltage or minimum theoretical voltage. 1. Zn / Mg electrochemical cell Anode: Anode reaction: Overall reaction: 2. Cathode: Cathode reaction: Voltage:

The electrolytic cell used to produce Al. Electrolyte: Anode: Anode reaction: Overall reaction: The electrolysis KI(aq) Anode: Anode reaction: Overall reaction: Phase (aqueous or molten) Cathode: Cathode reaction:

3.

Cathode: Cathode reaction: MTV

4.

The electrorefining of Pb Anode: Anode reaction: Cathode: Cathode reaction:

5.

Nickel plating a iron nail. Anode: Cathode: Anode reaction: Cathode reaction: Electrolyte The -ve side of the power supply is connected to the

6.

Draw an Ag/ Zn electrochemical cell.

7.

Draw a KF(l) electrolytic cell.

8.

Draw a KF(aq) electrolytic cell.

9.

Draw a FeI2(aq) electrolytic cell.

10.

Draw a Cd/Pb electrochemical cell. Cd is not on the reduction chart, however, the Cd electrode gains mass and the total cell potential is 0.5 v. Determine the half-cell potential for Cd.

11.

Write the overall reaction and describe the anode and cathode for a Zn/C, fuel, alkaline and lead/acid cell.

12.

2HIO3 +

5H2SO3

I2 +

5H2SO4

H2O

oxidizing agent substance reduced

substance oxidized reducing agent

13. 14.

What is the electrolyte in a fuel cell? What is the fuel in a fuel cell?

15.

Describe the differences and similarities between an electrolytic and electrochemical cell.

16.

Describe and give two examples of electrowinning.

17. 18.

Describe and give one example of electrorefining. List three metals that can be won from aqueous solution.

19.

List three metals that cannot be won from aqueous solution.

20.

List the electrolyte in each of the following. Fuel cell, Alkaline battery Dry Cell (Leclanche) Lead acid battery

21.

State two metals that can be used to cathodically protect Fe. Describe how they protect iron from corrosion.

22.

Write the half reaction that describes the corrosion of iron.

23.

Write the half reaction that describes the reduction reaction that occurs when iron corrodes in air and water.

24.

Why does iron corrode faster in salt water?

25.

Write the anode and cathode reaction in an electrolytic cell with a CaCl2(l) electrolyte.

26.

Explain why you would choose Zn or Cu to cathodically protect iron?

27. 28.

Choose a suitable redox reactant to oxidize Cl- to ClO4- in a redox titration. Describe as an electrochemical or electrolytic cell: a) Fuel cell b) Charging a car battery c) Discharging a car battery d) Ni plating e) Industrial Al production f) Cl2 production

29.

Write the anode and cathode reactions for each of the above processes.

30.

Al and AgNO3(aq) are mixed and the surface of the Al darkens. List the two oxidizing agents in decreasing strength. List the two reducing agents in decreasing strength.

31.

Analyze This

Label each anode and cathode. Write each anode and cathode reaction. Indicate the ion migration in each cell. Determine the initial cell voltage of the electrochemical cell. Determine the MTV for the electrolytic cell. Will electrolysis occur? Indicate electron flow. Indicate all electrodes that gain mass. Indicate all electrodes that lose mass. What happens to [NO3-] in the Mg half-cell? What happens to the [Ag+] in the Ag half-cell? What happens to [Mg2+] in the Mg half-cell? What is the equilibrium electrochemical cell potential? What chemical is made at the Pt electrode on the right? What chemicals are made at the Pt electrode on the left?

1.0 M KNO3 Mg Ag

Pt

Pt

1 M Mg(NO3)2

1 M AgNO3

1 M CuSO4

Quiz #1 Agents, Spontaneous Reactions, Oxidation #s, and Strength 1. In a redox reaction, the species that loses electrons A. B. is oxidized is called the cathode

C. D. 2.

gains mass at the electrode decreases in oxidation number

Which of the following is the strongest oxidizing agent? A. B. C. D. Cu2+ Pb2+ Ni2+ Sn2+

3.

Metallic platinum reacts spontaneously with Au3+(aq) but does not react with Ag+(aq). The metals, in order of increasing strength as reducing agents, are A. B. C. D. Ag, Pt, Au Pt, Au, Ag Au, Ag, Pt Au, Pt, Ag The oxidizing agent in the reaction is

4.

MnO4- + 5Fe2+ + 8H+ Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O A. B. C. D. Fe2+ Fe3+ Mn2+ MnO4-

5.

MnO4- + 5Fe2+ + 8H+ Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O During the reaction, electrons transfer from A. B. C. D. Fe3+ to Fe2+ Fe2+ to MnO4MnO4- to Fe2+ MnO4- to Mn2+

6.

As an element is oxidized, its oxidation number A. B. C. D. increases as electrons are lost decreases as electrons are lost increases as electrons are gained decreases as electrons are gained

7.

A solution of 1.0 M Pb(NO3)2 will not react with a container made of A. B. C. D. Cu Fe Sn Zn

8.

A spontaneous redox reaction occurs when a piece of iron is placed in 1.0 M CuSO4. The reducing agent is

A. B. C. D. 9.

Fe Cu2+ H2O SO42-

A substance is oxidized when it A. B. C. D. loses protons gains protons loses electrons gains electrons

10.

A strip of titanium, Ti, is placed in 1.0 M Sn(NO3)2. The shiny surface of the titanium darkens, indication that a reaction has occurred. From this observation it may be concluded that A. B. C. D. Ti2+ is a weaker reducing agent than Sn2+ Ti2+ is a weaker oxidizing agent than Sn2+ Ti2+ is a stronger reducing agent than Sn2+ Ti2+ is a stronger oxidizing agent than Sn2+ Hg2+

11. is a

Consider the following redox reaction : Hg2+ + Cu Hg + Cu2+ . In this reaction, A. B. C. D. weaker reducing agent than Cu2+ weaker oxidizing agent than Cu2+ stronger reducing agent than Cu2+ stronger oxidizing agent than Cu2+

12.

The species which gains electrons in a redox reaction A. B. C. D. loses mass is oxidized is the oxidizing agent increases in oxidization number

13.

Samples of Uranium, Vanadium and Yttrium (U, V, Y) were placed in solutions containing the metallic ions U3+, V2+, and Y3+. The following observations were recorded. Trial 1 2 3 4 Ion U3+ V2+ V2+ Y3+ Metal Y U Y V Observation reaction reaction reaction no reaction

The oxidizing agents from the strongest to the weakest are

A. B. C. D.

V2+, U3+, Y3+ U3+, V2+, Y3+ Y3+, U3+, V2+ V2+, Y3+, U3+

Quiz #2 Agents, Spontaneous Reactions, Oxidation #s, and Strength 1. Which of the following pairs of ions will react spontaneously in a solution? A. B. C. D. 2. Cu2+ and Fe2+ Pb2+ and Sn2+ Co2+ and Cr2+ Mn2+ and Cr2+

When NO2 reacts to form N2O4 the oxidation number of nitrogen A. B. C. D. increases by 2 increases by 4 increases by 8 does not change

3.

Consider the following redox equation: 12H+(aq) + 2IO3-(aq) + 10Fe2+(aq) 10Fe3+(aq) + I2(s) + 6H2O(l) The reducing agent is A. B. C. D. I2 H+ Fe2+ IO3-

4.

The oxidation number of nitrogen increases in A. B. C. D. NO3- NO N2O4 NI3 NH3 NH4+ NO2 N2O5

5.

Which of the following represents a balanced reduction half-reaction? A. B. C. D. VO2 + 2H+ + 2e- V2+ + H2O VO2 + H2 V2+ + H2O + leVO2 + 2H+ + le- V2+ + H2O VO2 + 4H+ + 2e- V2+ + 2H2O

6.

Consider the following half reaction: Sb2O3 + 6H+ + 6e- 2Sb + 3H2O The oxidation number of antimony in Sb2O3

A. B. C. D. 7.

increases by 3 increases by 6 decreases by 3 decreases by 6 HClO2 HClO

Consider the following unbalanced half-reaction The balanced half-reaction would have A. B. C. D. 1 electron on the left 1 electron on the right 2 electrons on the left 2 electrons on the right

8.

The oxidation number of platinum in Pt(H2O)42+ is A. B. C. D. +2 0 +4 +1/2 (basic)

9.

Consider the following half-reaction: BrO- BrThe balanced equation for the half-reaction is A. B. C. D. BrO- + 2H+ + 2e- Br- + H2O BrO- + 2H+ Br- + H2O + 2eBrO- + H2O Br- + 2OH- + 2eBrO- + H2O + 2e- Br- + 2OH-

10.

Consider the following redox reaction: 2MnO4- + 5CH3CHO + 6H+ 5CH3COOH + 2Mn2+ + 3H2O The species that loses the electron is A. B. C. D. H2O MnO4CH3CHO CH3COOH

11.

Hydrogen has an oxidation number of 1 in A. B. C. D. H2 NaH H2O KOH

12.

Consider the following: 2NO3- + 4H+ + 2e- N2O4 + 2H2O

This equation represents A. B. C. D. 13. reduction oxidation neutralization decomposition

Which of the following half-reactions is balanced? A. B. C. D. IO3- + 6H+ +5e- I2 + 3H2O IO3- + 6H+ + 4e- 1/2 I2 + 3H2O IO3- + 6H+ I2 + 3H2O + 5eIO3- + 6H+ + 5e- I2 + 3H2O

14.

Consider the following redox reaction: Al + MnO4- + 2H2O Al(OH)4- + MnO2 The chemical species being oxidized is A. B. C. D. Al MnO4Al(OH)4MnO2

15.

Consider the following redox reaction: 6H+ + 6I- + ClO3- 3I2 + 3H2O + ClThe reducing agent is A. B. C. D. II2 H+ ClO3-

16.

Nitrogen has an oxidization number of zero in A. B. C. D. N2 NO2 NH3 HNO3

17.

When MnO4- reacts to form Mn2+, the manganese in MnO4- is A. B. C. D. reduced as its oxidation number increases reduced as its oxidation number decreases oxidized as its oxidation number increases oxidized as its oxidation number decreases

18.

Consider the following reaction: 2HNO3 + 3H2S 2NO + 3S + 4H2O The nitrogen in HNO3 undergoes A. B. C. D. reduction oxidation electrolysis neutralization

19.

The oxidation number in carbon in CaC2O4 is A. B. C. D. +2 +3 +4 +6

20.

Consider the following redox reaction: 2Cr3+(aq) + 3Cl2(aq) + 7H2O(l) Cr2O72-(aq) + 6Cl-(aq) + 14H+(aq) The species which loses electrons is A. B. C. D. Cl2 Cr3+ H2O Cr2O72-

Quiz #3 Balancing Redox reactions- Acid & Base Cell Potentials 1. Consider the following overall reaction: 2Rh+ + Pb(s) 2Rh(s) + Pb2+The E0 for the half-reaction Rh+ + e- Rh is A. B. C. D. 2. -0.86 V -0.60 V +0.60 V +0.86 V E0 = 0.73 V

Which of the following systems would be correct if the zinc half-cell would have been chosen as the standard instead of the hydrogen half-cell?

A. The reduction potentials of all the half-cells would remain unchanged B. The reduction potentials of all the half-cells would increase by 0.76 V C. The reduction potentials of all the half-cells would have positive values The reduction potentials of the hydrogen half-cell decrease by 0.76 V 3. Three beakers contain 1.0 M CuCl2. A piece of metal is placed in each of the beakers BEAKER 1 2 3 Reactions occur in A. B. C. D. beaker 2 only beakers 1, 2, and 3 beakers 1 and 2 only beakers 1 and 3 only SOLUTION CuCl2 CuCl2 CuCl2 METAL Zn Ag Ni

D.

4.

Consider the following redox reaction: 3SO2 + 3H2O + ClO3- 3SO42- + 6H+ + Cl-

The reduction half-reaction is A. B. C. D. 5. ClO3- + 6H+ Cl- + 3H2O + 6eClO3- + 6H+ + 6e- Cl - + 3H2O SO2 + 2H2O SO42- + 4H+ + 2eSO2 + 2H2O + 2e- SO42- + 4H+

What two substances are produced when Cr and 1.0 M MnO4- react in a basic solution? A. B. C. D. Mn2+ and Cr3+ MnO2 and Cr3+ Mn2+ and Cr2+ MnO2 and CrO42-

6.

Bromine, Br2, will react spontaneously with A. B. C. D. II2 ClCl2

7.

The substances H2O2, H3PO4 and H2SO3 in order of increasing strengths as oxidizing agents are. A B. C. D. H2O2, H3PO4, H2SO3 H2SO3, H3PO4, H2O2 H3PO4, H2SO3 , H2O2 H2O2,H2SO3 , H3PO4

8.

Consider the following overall equation for an electrochemical cell: 3Ag+ + Cr Cr3+ + 3Ag At standard conditions ,the initial cell voltage is A. B. C. D. +0.06 V +0.39 V +1.21 V +1.54 V

9.

A solution of 1.0 M Co(NO3)2 should be stored in a container made of A. B. C. D. tin zinc aluminum magnesium

10.

A strong oxidizing agent has a A. B. C. D. weak attraction for electrons strong attraction for electrons weak ability to become reduced strong ability to become oxidized

11.

The two species which react spontaneously in acidic solutions are A. B. C. D. IO3- and I2 SO42- and S BrO3- and Br AuCl4- and Au

12.

Consider the following redox reaction: Co2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) 2Ag+(aq) + Co(s) The reaction is A. B. C. D. spontaneous and Eo is positive. spontaneous and Eo is negative. non-spontaneous and Eo is positive. non-spontaneous and Eo is negative

13.

Referring to the data booklet, which of the following can act as an oxidizing agent but not as a reducing agent? A. B. C. D. Zn ClSn2+ Fe3+

14.

Which equation represents a redox reaction? A. B. C. D. Pb2+ + 2Cl- PbCl2 CaO + CO2 CaCO3 Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

15.

In a redox reaction, ClO- was converted to Cl- in a basic solution. The balanced half-reaction for this process is A. B. ClO- + H2O + 2e- Cl- + 2OHClO- + 2OH- Cl- + 2e- + H2O

C. D.

ClO- + H2O Cl- + 2e- + 2OHClO- + 2OH- + 2e- Cl- + H2O

Quiz #4 Electrochemical Cells/Electrolytic Cells

voltmeter

1.0 M KNO3

Zn

Pb

1M Zn(NO3)2

1M Pb(NO3)2

1.

In the electrochemical call above, the electrons flow from A. B. C. D. zinc to lead and the mass of zinc increases zinc to lead and the mass of lead increases lead to zinc and the mass of zinc increases lead to zinc and the mass of lead increases

2.

The initial cell voltage is A. B. C. D. -0.89 V -0.63 V +0.63 V +0.89 V

3.

In an operating lead-zinc electrochemical cell shown above, the cathode A. B. C. D. gains mass as anions are reduced loses mass as anions are reduced gains mass as cations are reduced loses mass as cations are reduced

4.

The equation for the half-reaction at the anode is A. B. C. D. Zn2+ + 2e- Zn Pb2+ + 2e- Pb Zn Zn2+ + 2ePb Pb2+ + 2e-

5.

The equation for the half-reaction at the cathode is A. B. C. D. Zn2+ + 2e- Zn Pb2+ + 2e- Pb Zn Zn2+ + 2ePb Pb2+ + 2e-

6.

The direction of electron flow in an electrochemical cell is from A. B. C. D. anode to cathode through the external wire cathode to anode through the external wire anode to cathode through the external wire and back through the salt bridge cathode to anode through the external wire and back through the salt bridge

7.

Which of the following is formed at the anode during the electrolysis of 1.0 M NaI? A. B. C. D. I2 O2 H2 Na

8.

As this cell operates A. B. C. D. Cl- is oxidized at the anode Mg2+ is oxidized at the anode Cl- is oxidized at the cathode Mg2+ is oxidized at the cathode

Power Source

Pt

+ Pt

9.

In an operating electrochemical cell, the anions migrate A. B. Molten MgCl towards the anode 2 through the wire towards the cathode through the wire

C. D.

towards the anode through the salt bridge towards the cathode through the salt bridge

voltmeter

1.0 M KNO3

Mg

Cu

1 M Mg(NO3)2

1 M CuSO4

10.

As the above electrochemical cell operates A. B. C. D. nitrate ions migrate into the copper half-cell copper(II) ions migrate through the salt bridge magnesium ions migrate through the salt bridge potassium ions migrate into the magnesium half-cell

11.

In the above electrochemical cell, the reaction at the anode is A. B. C. D. Cu Cu2+ + 2eCu2+ + 2e- Cu Mg Mg2+ + 2eMg2+ + 2e- Mg

12.

In the above electrochemical cell, the initial voltage is A. B. C. D. 2.03 V 2.52 V 2.71 V 2.89 V

13.

Which of the following aqueous solutions produces H2(g) and O2(g) during electrolysis A. 1.0 M KI B. 1.0 M CuI2 C. 1.0 M K2SO4 D. 1.0 M CuSO4 In the electrolysis of molten zinc chloride, the half-reaction at the anode is A. B. C. D. Cl2 + 2e- 2Cl2Cl- Cl2 + 2eZn2+ 2e- Zn Zn Zn2+ + 2e-

14.

voltmeter

1.0 M KNO3

Ni

Ag

1 M Ni(NO3)2

1 M AgNO3

15.

The initial cell voltage at 25oC is A. B. C. D. -1.06 V -0.54 V +0.54 V +1.06 V

16.

The balanced equation for the overall reaction is A. B. C. D. Ni+(aq) + Ag(s) Ag+(aq) + Ni(s) Ni(s) + Ag+(aq) Ag(s) + Ni+(aq) Ni2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) 2Ag+(aq) + Ni(s) Ni(s) + 2Ag+(aq) 2Ag(s) + Ni2+(aq)

17.

This redox reaction occurs because A. B. C. D. Ag(s) is a stronger oxidizing agent than Ni(s) Ag(s) is a weaker reducing agent than Ni(s) Ag+(aq) is a stronger reducing agent than Ni2+(aq) Ag+(aq) is a weaker oxidizing agent than Ni2+(aq)

voltmeter

1.0 M KNO3

Au

Pb

1 M Au(NO3)3

1 M Pb(NO3)2

18.

The direction of the electron flow is A. B. C. D. from Au to Pb through the wire from Pb to Au from the wire from Au to Pb through the salt bridge from Pb to Au through the salt bridge

19.

As the cell operates A. B. C. D. NO3- and K+ will migrate toward the Pb half-cell NO3- and K+ will migrate toward the Au half-cell NO3- migrates toward the Pb half-cell and K+ will migrate toward the Au NO3- migrates toward the Au half-cell and K+ will migrate toward the Pb

20.

The initial voltage is A. B. C. D. -1.37 V 0.00 V 1.37 V 1.63 V

21.

Which of the following is a balanced half-reaction in base? A. B. C. D. Cl2 + 3H2O ClO3- + 6H+ + 5eCl2 + 6OH- ClO3- + 5e- + 3H2O Cl2 + 6H2O 2ClO3- + 12H+ + 10eCl2 + 12OH- 2ClO3- + 6H2O + 10e-

22.

In which of the following unbalanced equations does chromium undergo oxidation? A. B. C. D. Cr3+ Cr Cr3+ Cr2+ Cr3+ Cr2O72CrO42- Cr2O72-

Quiz #5 Application of Cells 1. the The corrosion of iron can be prevented by attaching a piece of zinc to the iron because A. iron acts as an anode

B. C. D. 2.

zinc reduces more readily than iron electrons flow from the zinc to the iron iron ions form more readily than zinc ions

An iron spoon is electroplated with copper. The equation representing the reduction reaction is A. B. C. D. Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s) Cu(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2eFe2+(aq) + 2e- Fe(s) Fe(s) Fe2+(aq) + 2e-

3.

In an operating zinc-copper electrochemical cell, the oxidizing agent A. B. C. D. loses electrons at the anode loses electrons to the cations gains electrons at the cathode gains electrons from the anions

4.

An example of electro refining is the A. B. C. D. extraction of aluminum from bauxite purification of lead from an impure anode recovery of zinc from a zinc sulphide solution production of chlorine from a sodium chloride solution

5.

Electroplating always involves the A. B. C. D. oxidation of anions reduction of cations reduction at the anode oxidation at the cathode

6.

Hydrogen and oxygen react to provide energy in a A. B. C. D. dry cell fuel cell alkaline cell lead-acid storage cell

7.

En electrolytic process is used to purify impure lead. The electrodes are

8.

In the cell below the half-reaction at the cathode is ANODE CATHODE carbon impure lead pure lead carbon pure lead impure lead impure lead pure lead 2+ A. Cu + 2e- Cu(s) B. 2SO42- S2O82- + 2eC. H2O O2(g) + 2H+ + 2eD. 2H2O + 2e- H2(g) + 2OH-

A. B. C. D.

Power Source

Iron Key

+ Pt

1.0 M CuSO4

9.

In the electrolysis of molten PbBr2, the products at the anode and cathode are CATHODE (INERT) ANODE (INERT) Br2 H2

A. B. C. D.

O2 Pb Br2 10. A. B. C. D.

Pb Br2 Pb

Under which conditions could an electrochemical cell provide 0.93V? Cathode Anode Cu Mg Ag Pb Mg Cu Pb Ag

11.

The reduction reaction in the above electrochemical cell is A. B. C. D. Pb2+ + Pb Ag+ + Ag 2e- Pb Pb2+ + 2ee- Ag Ag+ + e-

12.

An industrial process involving electrolysis is the reduction of A. B. C. D. water forming oxygen gas water forming hydrogen gas sea water forming chlorine gas sea water forming bromine liquid

13.

To plate a nickel coin with copper A. B. C. D. the nickel coin must be the cathode the cathode must be made of copper the electrons must flow to the anode the solution must contain nickel ions

14.

Which of the following ions can be reduced from an aqueous solution A. B. C. D. Ba2+ Al3+ Sn2+ Na+

15.

The principal function of a fuel cell is to A. B. C. produce fuel electrolyze fuel produce hydrogen

D. 16.

produce electricity

If a piece of nickel is to be gold-plated using an electrolytic process, which half-reaction occurs at the cathode? A. B. C. D. Ni Ni2+ + 2eNi2+ + 2e- Ni Au Au3+ + 3eAu3+ + 3e- Au

17.

Consider the following redox reaction As2O3 + 2NO3- + 2H2O + 2H+ 2H3AsO4 + N2O3 In this reaction, nitrogen A. B. C. D. loses electrons and increases in oxidation number gains electrons and increases in oxidation number loses electrons and decreases in oxidation number gains electrons and decreases in oxidation number

18.

In an electrochemical cell, the cathode A. B. C. D. is reduced loses mass is the reducing agent is the site of reduction

19.

When 1.0 M NaI is electrolyzed, bubbles of gas form on one electrode and a reddish-brown substance forms on the other. The half-reaction at the cathode is A. B. C. D. 2I- I2 + 2eNa+ + e- Na H2O + O2 + 2H+ + 2e2H2O +2e- H2 + 2OH-

Quiz #6 1.

Corrosion & Cathodic Protection Titration Which of the following metals could be used to cathodically protect a sample of lead? A. B. C. D. iron gold silver copper

2.

A piece of iron can be prevented from corroding by

A. B. C. D. 3.

making it a cathode placing it in an acidic solution attaching a small piece of lead to it attaching a small piece of gold to it

To determine the [Fe2+] in a solution of FeSO4 by a redox titration, a suitable reagent would be an acidified solution of A. B. C. D. Cr3+ Mn2+ SO42Cr2O72-

4.

As a metal corrodes, A. B. C. D. it gains electrons it becomes reduced it acts as a reducing agent its oxidation number decreases

5.

Which method will cathodically protect a piece of iron? A. B. C. D. Paint the iron Cover the iron with grease Attach a piece of lead tot he iron Attach a piece of magnesium to the iron

6.

Corrosion of iron can be prevented by attaching a piece of A. B. C. D. Mn Cu Pb Sn

7.

A student attempted to determine the Eo (volts) of the following half-reaction: Pd2+ + 2e- Pd Pd2+ reacts with Cu(s) but not with Hg(l). Based on the above, the Eo (volts) of a Pd half-cell is A. B. C. D. less than 0.34 V greater than 1.50 V greater than 0.85 V but less than 1.50 V greater than 0.34 V but less than 0.85 V

8.

Consider the following redox equation: Br2 + SO2 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O 2H2SO4 + 2NaBr Which of the following is gaining electrons?

A. B. C. D. 9.

Br2 SO2 H2O Na2SO4

The reaction that occurs when pieces of lead, zinc, copper and silver are placed in a solution of Ni(NO3)2 is A. B. C. D. Pb + Ni2+ Pb2+ + Ni Zn + Ni2+ Zn2+ + Ni Cu + Ni2+ Cu2+ + Ni 2Ag + Ni2+ 2Ag+ + Ni

voltmeter

1.0 M KNO3

Pb

Cu

1M Pb(NO3)2

1M Cu(NO3)2

10.

In the electrochemical cell above, the electrons flow from A. copper to lead through the wire

B. C. D. 11.

lead to copper through the wire copper to lead through the salt bridge lead to copper through the salt bridge

In the electrochemical cell above, the initial Eo value is A. B. C. D. 0.03 V 0.21 V 0.29 V 0.47 V

12.

A reaction that occurs during the corrosion of iron is A. B. C. D. Fe + 3e- Fe3+ Fe Fe2+ + 2eFe2+ + 2e- Fe Fe3+ + e- Fe2+

13.

Consider the following reaction Zn(s) + 2Ag+(aq) Zn2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) What volume of 0.500 M AgNO3 is required to react completely with 6.54 g of zinc? A. B. C. D. 0.0131 L 0.0262 L 0.200 L 0.400 L

Redox Web Review 1) Which most readily gains electrons?

Cu 2)

Cu2+

Fe2+2

Zn2+

Au3+

Which most readily loses electrons?

Hg(l)

Cu2+

Sn4+

Ba

Al

Calculate the cell potentials or voltages (E0) Indicate spontaneity. 3. Cl2 + 2Br- 2Cl- +Br2

4.

2MnO4- + 5Pb + 16H+

2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5Pb2+

5.

Will AgNO3 react with Zn? Write a balanced redox reaction and calculate Eo

6.

What would happen if you used an iron spoon to stir a solution of Al2(SO4)3(aq) ? Write a balanced redox reaction and calculate Eo.

7.

What are the differences between an electrochemical cell and an electrolytic cell?

Electrochemical cell

Electrolytic cell

8.

What are the similarities between an electrochemical cell and an electrolytic cell?

Electrochemical cell or Electrolytic cell

9.

State how you would determine each of the following in an electrochemical or electrolytic cell.

Electrochemical Cell The site of reduction The site of oxidation The +ve electrode The -ve electrode The anions migrate to the The cations migrate to the The electrode that gains mass The electrode that loses mass The electrons flow from 10.

Electrolytic Cell

Draw an operating electrochemical cell using an Al half-cell and a Mg half-cell. Label the parts of the electrochemical cell including the anode or cathode, and all reagents and materials used. Write the reactions and determine the E0.

11.

Write the half reaction that occurs at each electrode during the electrolysis of aqueous 1.0 M NaI. Anode : Cathode : What is the minimum required voltage for this process?

12.

Write the half reaction that occurs at each electrode during the electrolysis of molten NaI. Anode :

Cathode : What is the minimum required voltage for this process? 13. Aluminum is produced industrially from aluminum oxide, Al2O3. Demonstrate your understanding of this process by (i) Describing how the process is carried out,

(ii) Writing equations of the reactions involved in the process, and

(iii) Describing how the problem of the high melting point ofAl2O3 is overcome.

14.

Consider the following redox data: 3V + 2Ga3+ 3V2+ + 2Ga 3V2+ + 2Al 3V + 2Al3+ Eo = +0.64 V Eo = +0.46 V

Based on these observations, a student concludes that Ga+3 and Al will react spontaneously. List the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength. Write reduction reactions for each. Determine the strongest reducing agent. Determine if Ga+3 and Al will react spontaneously.

15.

Balance the equation for the following half reaction occurring in acid solution: V(s) HV2O73-

16.

Balance the following redox reaction occurring in basic solution: MnO4+ C2O42- MnO2 + CO2

17.

250.0 ml 0.200M MnO4- reacts with excess SO32-. How many grams of MnO2 are produced? 2MnO4- + 3SO32- +H2O 2MnO2 +3SO42- + 2OH-

18.

Determine the oxidation number for each bold atom.

MnO2

IO3-

Cr2O72-

C2O42-

Al(NO3)3 NH4Cl

NaH

HOOH

NO3-

H3PO4

Na2C2O4

I2

N2O3

Pt(H2O)42+

19.

250.0 mL of 0.500M MnO4- are required to titrate a 100.0 ml sample of SO3-2. Calculate the [SO3-2] 2MnO4- + 3SO32- +H2O 2MnO2 + 3SO42-+ 2OH-

20.

How is the breathalyzer reaction used to determine BAC? Write the reaction and describe how it works.

21.

2H+

Mg

Mg2+ +

H2

Determine the Oxidizing agent__________ and the Reducing agent_________ 22. Choose a suitable redox reactant to oxidize Cl- toClO4- in a redox titration.

23.

Describe as an electrochemical or electrolytic cell:

a) Fuel cell b) Charging a car battery c) Discharging a car battery d) Ni plating e) Industrial Al production f) Cl2 production g) Electrowinning 24) Which of the reactants is gaining electrons? Which of the reactants is the oxidizing agent? Br2 + SO2 + Na2SO4 + H2O 2H2SO4 + 2NaBr

25)

A student studied the following reactions and she recorded: Pd2+ + Cu Pd + Cu2+ spontaneous Pd2+ + Au no reaction Pd2+ + Hg no reaction Au3+ + Hg Au + Hg2+ spontaneous List the oxidizing agents from strongest to weakest. List the reducing agents from strongest to weakest. Predict if the reaction will occur. Au3+ + Cu

26)

Match each type of electrolytic cell with the example cell.

Electrowinning A silver anode oxidizes & Ag reduces on a Cu cathode Electroplating Pure Pb is reduced at the cathode while impure Pb oxidizes at the anode Electrorefining Pure Al is reduced at the cathode from molten bauxite (Al2O3). 27. List the anode, cathode, anode reaction , cathode reaction, and electrolyte for each commercial electrochemical cell.

Cell
Leclanche or Common Dry Cell Alkaline Cell Lead Storage or Car Battery Fuel Cell

anode anode reaction

cathode cathode reaction

electrolyte

28.

Which of the above cells requires continuous input of O2 and H2 and is produced by Ballard Industries.

29.

List the anode, cathode, anode reaction, cathode reaction, and electrolyte for each commercial electrolytic cell.

Cell
Electrolysis of Molten Al2O3 Electrolysis of Aqueous NaCl Silver-plating a Cu plating

anode anode reaction

cathode cathode reaction

electrolyte

Electrorefining pure Pb from impure Pb

30.

Describe each term:

salt bridge electrolyte anode cathode spontaneous electron affinity cation anion electrochemical cell electrolytic cell oxidation number electrolysis oxidation reduction oxidizing agent reducing agent electrode

corrosion electrowinning electrorefining over potential effect fuel cell 31. Define corrosion of a metal, and illustrate your definition with reference to an example, using appropriate equations. Give TWO methods by which corrosion can be prevented and describe how each method works. The two methods must involve different chemical principles.

32. 33.

Which you would choose Zn or Cu to cathodically protect iron? A2+ does not react with B, while C2+ reacts with B. Rank the oxidizing agents in decreasing order of strength. Rank the reducing agents in decreasing order of strength. Will A2+ react with C?

34.

Write half reactions for each using the reduction table and list the half-cell potential.

Half Reaction oxidation of water oxidation of water in acid reduction of water reduction of water in alkaline

Eo

oxidation of H2 in water oxidation of H2 in acid oxidation of H2 in base reduction of Cr2O72- in acid reduction of HBr

35.

Completely analyze the following electrochemical cell.

voltmeter

1.0 M KNO3

Zn

Cu

1 M Zn(NO3)2

1 M Cu(NO3)2

The anode reaction is: The cathode reaction is: The electrons flow from ___ to ___ The ions that migrate to the Zn electrode are: The ions that migrate to the Cu electrode are: The initial voltage of this cell is: The voltage of this cell once equilibrium is reached is: Describe the change in [Cu+2] in the Cu half cell Describe the change in [NO3-1] in the Zn half cell

36.

Completely analyze the following electrochemical cell.

voltmeter

1.0 M KNO3

H2(g)

Cu

1 M HCl

1 M Cu(NO3)2

The anode reaction is: The cathode reaction is: The electrons flow from ___ to ___ The ions that migrate to the Pt electrode are: The ions that migrate to the Cu electrode are: The intial voltage of this cell is: The voltage of this cell once equilibrium is reached is: Describe the change in [Cu+2] in the Cu half cell Describe the change in [NO3-1] in the H+/H2 half cell 37. Completely analyze the following electrolytic cell.

Power Source

+ C

Molten Al2O3

Anode Reaction Cathode Reaction Chemicals produced at the anode Chemicals produced at the cathode The electrons flow from __to __ The chemical used to lower the mp is: Which electrode is the anode ?

38.

Completely analyze the following electrolytic cell. Note that the electrodes are not inert and because of that, the anode might oxidize.

Power Source

Cu

+ Cu

1 M NaF

Anode Reaction Cathode Reaction Chemicals produced at the anode Chemicals produced at the cathode The electrons flow from The MTV Which electrode is the anode ? Electrochemistry Practice Test # 1 1. The following represents the process used to produce iron from iron III oxide: Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2 What is the reducing agent in this process? A. B. C. D. Fe CO CO2 Fe2O3

2.

Consider the following reaction: 2HNO2 + 2I- + 2H+ 2NO + I2 +2H2O The oxidation number for each nitrogen atom A. B. C. D. increases by 1 increases by 2 decreases by 1 decreases by 2

3.

Which of the following reactions is spontaneous? A. B. C. D. 2I- + Ag Ag+ + I2 Co2+ + Cu Co + Cu2+ Cu2+ + Pb Pb2+ + Cu Ni2+ + 2Ag 2Ag+ + Ni

4.

Consider the following redox reaction for a lead-acid storage cell: Pb + PbO2 + 4H+ + 2SO42- 2PbSO4 + 2H2O The balanced, reduction half reaction is A. B. C. D. Pb + Pb + PbO2 PbO2 SO42- 2PbSO4 + 2e2H+ + SO42- PbSO4 + 2H2O + 2e+ 4H+ + SO42- + 2e- PbSO4 + 2H2O + 2SO42 + 2H2O + 2e- PbSO4 + 2OH-

5.

Consider the following reaction: Cd2+(aq) + Zn(s) Cd(s) Zn2+(aq) The potential for the reaction is +0.36 V. What is the reduction potential for the cadmium ion? A. B. C. D. -1.12 V -0.40 V +0.40 V +1.12 V

6.

Which of the following involves a nonspontaneous redox reaction? A. B. C. D. fuel cell electroplating redox titration carbon dry cell

7.

Consider the following redox reaction: 2MnO4- + 16H+ + 5Sn2+ 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5Sn4+ In a redox titration, 0.60 mole of KMnO4 reacts completely with a solution of Sn(NO3)2. How many moles of Sn(NO3)2 were present in the solution? A. B. 0.024 moles 0.060 moles

C. D. 8.

1.5 moles 0.30 moles

Which of the following is not a redox reaction? A. B. C. D. Cu + Br2 CuBr2 CO + H2O CO2 + H2 CH4 + H2O CO2 + 2H2O NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

9.

What is the minimum voltage required to form nickel from an aqueous solution of NiI2 using inert electrodes? A. B. C. D. 0.26 V 0.28 V 0.54 V 0.80 V

10.

What substances are formed at the anode and cathode during electrolysis of molten sodium chloride? Anode A. B. C. D. O2 Na Cl2 Cl2 Cathode H2 Cl2 H2 Na

11.

A solution containing an unknown cation reacts spontaneously with both zinc and copper. The unknown cation is A. B. C. D. 1.0 M H+ 1.0 M Ag+ 1.0 M Sr2+ 1.0 M Mn2+

12.

Which of the following half-reactions are balanced? A. B. C. D. ClO- + H2O + e- Cl2 + 2OH2ClO- + H2O + 2e- Cl2 + 3OH2ClO- + 2H2O + 2e- Cl2 + 4OH2ClO- + 2H2O Cl2 + 4OH- + 2e-

13.

Which of the following is a spontaneous redox reaction? A. Ag+ + I- AgI

B. C. D. 14.

Ag+ + Fe2+ Ag + Fe3+ 3Ag+ + Au 3Ag + Au3+ 2Ag+ + Ni2+ 2Ag + Ni

Salting the roads during the winter increases the amount of corrosion of cars. The is because the salt A. B. C. D. reacts with the iron provides an electrolyte acts as a reducing agent acts as an oxidizing agent

Consider the following electrochemical cell for the next five questions.
voltmeter

1.0 M KCl

Cu u

Ni

1M Cu(NO3)2

1M Ni(NO3)2

15.

The half-reaction that occurs at the anode is A. B. C. D. Ni N2+ + 2eNi2+ + 2e- Ni Cu Cu2+ + 2eCu2+ + 2e- Cu

16.

The half-reaction that occurs at the cathode is A. B. C. D. Ni N2+ + 2eNi2+ + 2e- Ni Cu Cu2+ + 2eCu2+ + 2e- Cu

17.

The cell potential or Eo is A. B. C. D. 0.41 V 0.78 V 0.34 V 0.60 V

18.

The following ions migrate to the Cu electrode A. B. C. D. K+ Cu2+ ClClCu2+ Ni2+ NO3NO3Ni2+ 2e-

19.

The electrons flow A. B. through the salt bridge from Cu to Ni through the salt bridge from Cu to Ni

C. D. 20.

through the wire from Cu to Ni through the wire from Ni to Cu

Which of the following will not react spontaneously with 1.0 M HCl? A. B. C. D. tin lithium mercury magnesium

21.

Which of the following can be produced by electrolysis from a 1.0 M aqueous solution containing its ion? A. B. C. D. nickel sodium aluminum magnesium

22.

In order for an electrolytic cell to operate, it must have A. B. C. D. a voltmeter. a salt bridge. a power supply. an aqueous solution.

23.

In the electrolysis of molten ZnCl2 using carbon electrodes, the reaction that occurs at the anode is A. B. C. D. Zn Zn2+ + 2eZn2+ + 2e- Zn 2Cl- Cl2 + 2eCl2 + 2e- 2Cl-

24.

In the electrolysis of molten zinc chloride, the half-reaction at the anode is A. B. C. D. Cl2 + 2e- 2Cl2Cl- Cl2 + 2eZn2+ + 2e- Zn Zn Zn2+ + 2e-

25.

The corrosion of iron can be prevented by attaching a piece of A. B. C. D. Mn Cu Pb Sn

26.

The oxidation number of carbon in CaC2O4 is A. B. C. D. +2 +3 +4 +6

27.

To plate a nickel coin with copper, A. B. C. D. the nickel coin must be the cathode. the cathode must be made out of copper the electrons must flow to the anode the solution must contain nickel ions

Consider the following electrochemical cell for the next five questions.
voltmeter

1.0 M KNO3

Cu

Zn

uu

1M Cu(NO3)2

1M Zn(NO3)2

28.

Which of the following statements apply to this electrochemical cell? I II III Electrons flow through the wire toward the copper electrode. The copper electrode increases in mass. Anions move toward the Zn half-cell.

29.

A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II, and III The balanced equation for the overall reaction is A. B. C. D. Zn + Cu2+ Cu + Zn2+ Cu + Zn2+ Zn + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu Cu2+ + Zn Cu + Zn Zn + Cu

30.

At equilibrium the voltage of the above cell is A. B. C. -1.10 V 0.00 V +0.42 V

D. 31.

+1.10 V

This redox reaction occurs because A. B. C. D. Zn is a stronger oxidizing agent than Cu Zn is a stronger reducing agent than Cu, Cu is a stronger oxidizing agent than Zn Zn2+ is a weaker reducing agent than Cu2+

32.

The initial cell voltage at 25 oC is A. B. C. D. -1.10 V +1.10 V +0.91 V +0.86 V

33.

Consider the following redox reaction: Co2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) 2Ag+(aq) + Co(s) The reaction is A. B. C. D. spontaneous and Eo is positive spontaneous and Eo is negative non-spontaneous and Eo is positive non-spontaneous and Eo is negative

34.

When MnO4- reacts to form Mn2+, the manganese in MnO4- is A. B. C. D. reduced as its oxidation number increases reduced as its oxidation number decreases oxidized as its oxidation number increases oxidized as its oxidation number decreases

35.

The electrolyte used in the alkaline battery is A. B. C. D. KCl NaOH H2SO4 KOH

36.

The electrolyte used in an automobile battery is A. B. C. D. KCl NaOH H2SO4 KOH

37.

The anode used in the commercial production of Aluminum is

A. B. C. D. 38.

C Pt Al Al2O3

The anode and cathode used in the electrorefining of impure lead to pure lead are Anode A. B. C. D. Pure Pb Impure Pb Pb2+ Pb Cathode Impure Pb Pure Pb Pb Pb2+

39.

The anode in the LeClanche or common dry cell is A. B. C. D. C Zn Mg KOH

40.

Which of the following are electrolytic cells I II III IV A. B. C. D. Electro winning Electroplating Charging a car battery Fuel cell I and II only I, II, and III only II and II only I, II, III, and IV

Subjective 1. Balance the following in basic solution. MnO4+ C2O42- MnO2 + CO2 (basic)

2.

Consider the electrolysis of 1.0 M H2SO4 using platinum electrodes. a) Write the oxidation half-reaction

b)

Write the reduction half-reaction

c) 3.

Write the overall reaction and determine the minimum theoretical voltage required.
Power Source

Consider the following diagram for the electro refining of lead.

Pure Pb Impure Pb

a)

On the diagram, label the anode and cathode.

b)

Write the formula for a suitable electrolyte

c)

Write the equation for the reduction half-reaction.

4.

Describe two chemically different methods that can be used to prevent corrosion of iron and explain why each method works. Method 1: Explanation:

Method 2: Explanation: 5. The data below were obtained in a redox titration of a 25.00 mL sample containing Sn2+ ions using 0.125 M KMnO4 according to the following reaction: 2MnO4- + 16H+ + 5Sn2+ 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5Sn4+ Calculate the [Sn2+] Volume of KMnO4 used (mL) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Initial burette reading Final burette reading

2.00 13.80

13.80 24.55

24.55 35.32

6.

A student wanted to electroplate a coin with copper. a) Identify a suitable anode

b)

Identify an appropriate electrolyte

c)

To with battery terminal (positive or negative) should the coin be connected?

7. Consider the electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride with Cu electrodes (Cu are not inert and can oxidize: Cl-, or Cu will oxidize) a) Identify the product at the anode.

electrodes

b) c)

Write the equation for the reduction half-reaction. Write the equation for the overall reaction.

8.

Completely analyze the following electrochemical cell.

voltmeter 1.0 M KNO3

Sn nn n

Mn

1M Sn(NO3)2

1M MnNO3)2

Chemistry 12

Electrochemistry Practice Test 2

voltmeter

1.0 M KCl

Pd

Ni

1M Pd(NO3)2

1M Ni(NO3)2

1.

As the cell operates, the electrons flow from the nickel electrode to the palladium electrode. The reaction occurring at the anode is A B C D Pd Pd2+ Ni Ni2+ Pd2+ + 2eNi2+ + 2e+ 2e+ 2e Pb Ni

2.

As the cell operates, A B C D both the K+ and the NO3- migrate into the nickel half-cell both the K+ and the NO3- migrate into the palladium half-cell the K+ migrates into the nickel half-cell and the NO3- migrates into the palladium halfcell the K+ migrates into the palladium half-cell and the NO3- migrates into the nickel halfcell

3.

The initial cell voltage is 1.21 V. The reduction potential of Pd2+ is A B C D -1.21 V -.95 V +0.95 +1.21 V

4.

What substances are formed at the anode and cathode during electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, NaCl(l)? Anode A B C D O2 Na Cl2 Cl2 Cathode H2 Cl2 H2 Na

5.

Consider the following electrolytic cell:

Power Source + -

Inert Electrode

Inert Electrode

Molten NaI(l)

In the cell above A B C D 6. I- migrates to the anode and gains electrons I- migrates to the cathode and loses electrons Na+ migrates to the anode and loses electrons Na+ migrates to the cathode and gains electrons

Which of the following are necessary for electroplating to occur using an electrolytic cell? I Two electrodes II A metal being reduced III A direct current power supply A B C D I and II only I and III only II and III only I, II, and III The

7. A fuel cell consumes H2 and O2 gas, uses a KOH electrolyte, and produces electricity. reaction at the anode is A B 2H+ + 2e- H2 1/2O2 + 2H+ + 2e- H2O

C D 8.

4OH- O2 + 2H2O + 4eH2 + 2OH- 2H2O + 2e-

A student investigating redox reactions recorded the following results: V2+ + Te2- no reaction U4+ + Te2- U3+ + Te Based on these results, the strengths of the oxidizing agents, arranged from weakest, are A B C D V2+ U4+ U3+ V2+ Te Te Te2Te2U4+ V2+ V2+ U3+ NiI2 strongest to

9. What is the minimum voltage required to form nickel from an aqueous solution of using inert electrodes? A B C D 0.26 V 0.28 V 0.54 V 0.80 V

10.
voltmeter

1.0 M KNO3

Zn

Ni

1M Zn(NO3)2

1M Ni(NO3)2

Which of the following occurs as the cell operates? A B C D 11. the Zn electrode is reduced and increases in mass the Zn electrode is reduced and decreases in mass the Zn electrode is oxidized and increases in mass the Zn electrode is oxidized and decreases in mass

Which of the following reactants would produce an E0 of +0.63 V? A B C D Ag+ + I2 Pb2+ + Zn Mg2+ + Ca Zn2+ + Mn

12.

The concentration of Fe2+(aq) can be determined by a redox titration using A B C D KBr SnCl2 KMnO4 (basic) KBrO3 (acidic)

13.

Which of the following will oxidize Fe2+? A B C D I2(s) Ni(s) Zn(s) Br2(l)

14.

The oxidation number of carbon in C2O42- is A B C D +3 +4 +5 +6

15.

Consider the following reaction: 3As2O3 + 4NO3- + 7H2O 6H3AsO4 + 4NO The oxidizing agent is A B C D H+ H2O NO3AsO3

16.

When W2O5 is converted to WO2 in a redox reaction, the W has been A B C D reduced since its oxidation number has increased reduced since its oxidation number has decreased oxidized since its oxidation number has increased oxidized since its oxidation number has decreased

17.

Consider the following: I II III Water Oxygen gas Nitrogen

At 25oC, a piece of iron rusts in the presence of A B C D 18. I only III only I and II only II and III only

Which of the following represents a redox reaction? A B C D H2CO3 H2O + CO2 CuS + H2 H2S + Cu AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3 2HCl + Na2SO3 2NaCl + H2SO3

19.

The following reaction occurs in an electrochemical cell: 3Cu2+ + Cr 2Cr3+ + 3Cu The Eo for the cell is

A B C D 20.

0.40 V 0.75 V 1.08 V 2.50 V

During the corrosion of magnesium, the anode reaction is A B C D Mg Mg2+ + 2eMg2+ + 2e- Mg 4OH- O2 + 2H2O + 4eO2 + 2H2O + 4e- 4OH-

21.

A molten binary salt, ZnCl2, undergoes electrolysis. The cathode reaction is A B C D Zn Zn2+ + 2e2Cl- Cl2 + 2eCl2 + 2e- 2ClZn2+ + 2e- Zn

22.

Which of the following represents a redox reaction? A B C D CaCO3 CaO + CO2 SiCl4 + 2Mg Si + 2MgCl2 2NaOH + H2SO4 2H2O + Na2SO4 AgBr + 2S2O32- Ag(S2O3)23- + Brchange

23.

The process of applying an electric current through a cell to produce a chemical is called A B C D corrosion ionization hydrolysis electrolysis

24.

A student investigating redox reactions recorded the following results: V2+ + Te2- no reaction

U4+ + Te2- U3+ + Te Based on these results, the strengths of the oxidizing agents, arranged from weakest, are A B C D 25. V2+ U4+ U3+ V2+ Te Te Te2Te2U4+ V2+ V2+ U3+ strongest to

A spontaneous redox reaction occurs when Sn2+ is mixed with A B C D I2 Cu H2S Ag2S

26.

Consider the redox reaction: 2BrO3- + 10Cl- + 12H+ Br2 + 5Cl2 + 6H2O the oxidation half-reaction ivolved in this reaction is A B C D 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e2H+ H2 + 2eBrO3- + 6H+ + 5e- Br2 + 3H2O BrO3- + 6H+ Br2 + 3H2O + 5e-

27.

Which of the following is not a redox reaction? A B C D Cu + Br2 CuBr2 CO + H2O CO2 + H2 CH4 + O2 CO2 + 2H2O NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

28.

During the electrolysis of 1.0 M Na2SO4, the reaction at the cathode is A B C D Na+ + 1e- Na 2SO42- S2O82- + 2e2H2O O2 + H+ + 4e2H2O + 2e- H2 + 2OH-

29.

An oxidizing agent will cause which of the following changes? A B PtO2 PtO PtO3 PtO2

C D 30.

Pt(OH)2 Pt Pt(OH)22+ PtO3

Consider the overall reaction of the nickel-cadmium battery: NiO2(s) + Cd(s) + 2H2O(l) Ni(OH)2(s) + Cd(OH)2(s) Which of the following occurs at the anode as the reaction proceeds? A B C D Cd loses 2e- and forms Cd(OH)2(s) Cd gains 2e- and forms Cd(OH)2(s) NiO2 loses 2e- and forms Ni(OH)2(s) NiO2 gains 2e- and forms Ni(OH)2(s)

31. Which of the following can be produced by the electrolysis from a 1.0 M aqueous solution containing its ions? A B C D 32. nickel sodium aluminum magnesium

In the electrolysis of molten ZnCl2 using carbon electrodes, the reaction that occurs at the anode is A B C D Zn Zn2+ + 2eZn2+ + 2e- Zn 2Cl- Cl2 + 2eCl2 + 2e- 2Cl-

33.

In order for the electrolytic cell to operate, it must have A B C D a voltmeter a salt bridge a power supply an aqueous solution

Subjective 1. a) Indicate in the blank spaces on the following chart whether or not a reaction will occur when the metals are added to the aqueous ions. Pd Pd2+ Rh2+ Pt2+ no reaction reaction reaction no reaction Rh Pt

b)

List the oxidizing agents in order of strongest to weakest

2.

Consider the following reaction for the formation of rust: Fe(s) + O2(g) + H2O(l) Fe(OH)2

Describe and explain two methods, using different chemical principles, to prevent formation of rust. a) b) 3. Consider the following redox reaction: H2Se + SO42- + 2H+ Se + H2SO3 + H2O Calculate the Eo for the reaction.

the

4.

Balance the following redox reaction in basic solution: Au + Cl+ O2 AuCl4+ OH-

5.

Draw and label a simple electrolytic cell capable of electroplating and inert electrode with silver.

6. a) During the production of magnesium metal from seawater, magnesium ions are first precipitated from seawater as magnesium hydroxide. The magnesium hydroxide is neutralized by hydrochloric acid, producing magnesium chloride. Write the neutralization reaction. The salt produced, magnesium chloride, is dried melted and undergoes electrolysis. Write the reaction at each electrode. Anode Cathode c) d) 7. It is not possible to remove Mg from a 1.0 M solution. Explain why? Write the anode reaction if Cu electrodes were used instead of C.
Power Source

b)

Consider the following diagram in the electro refining of lead: Pure Pb Impure Pb

a) b) c) d)

On the diagram above, label the anode and cathode. Write the formula for a suitable electrolyte. Write the equation for the reduction half-reaction. Write the anode reaction

Oxidation and Reduction Reactions Workbook Notes- double click on the lesson number and download Power Point Viewer if you do not have it. Worksheets 1. Oxidation, Reduction, Agents, & Reactions. 2. Lab: The Strength of Oxidizing Agents. 3. Oxidation Numbers Spontaneous Reactions 4. Oxidation Numbers, Application to Reactions. 5. Balancing Redox Half Reactions Acid/Base. 6. Balancing Redox Reactions in Acid/Base. 7. Standard Potentials Using Chart. 8. Electrochemical Cells. 9. Electrochemical Cells Lab. 10. Electrolytic Cells. 11. Electrolytic Cells Lab. 12. Application of Electrolytic Cells. 13. Application of Electrochemical Cells: Bat & Cor. 14. Breathalyzer and review. 15. Review 16. Review 17. Test. Text book Hebden Read Unit V If you want an A in this class you need to do this!! WS 9 WS 10 Internet Review Practice Test # 1 Practice Test # 2 5 6 Quizmebc WS 8 4 WS 4 WS 5 WS 6 WS 7 3 WS 2 WS 3 2 1 WS 1 Quiz

Redox Half Reactions and Reactions WS #1 Define each 1. Oxidation 2. Reduction 3. Oxidizing agent 4. Reducing agent - loss of electrons - gain of electrons - causes oxidation by undergoing reduction - causes reduction by undergoing oxidation

Write half reactions for each of the following atoms or ions. Label each as oxidation or reduction. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Al S -----------> + Al3+ + S24e3eoxidation reduction oxidation reduction 6e2BrP3+ 2eoxidation reduction reduction oxidation reduction reduction oxidation reduction 2e3eoxidation oxidation

2e- ---------> O2 +

2O2- ----------> Ba2+

+ 2e- -----------> Ba N2 +

2N3- ----------> Br2 P Ca Ga3+ S H2 2H+ 2FP3+ + 3e-

2e- ---------> ----------> Ca2+

-----------> + +

3e- -----------> Ga 2e- ---------> 2H+ + S22e-

---------> +

2e- ---------> H2 F2 P + +

----------> ---------->

Balance each spontaneous redox equation. Identify the entities reduced and oxidized. State the reducing agent and the oxidizing agent. 19. Al & Zn2+

2Al + oxidized reducing agent 20. F2 & O22F2 + reduced oxidizing agent & Ca

3Zn2+ reduced oxidizing agent

2Al3+ +

3Zn

2O2 oxidized reducing agent

4F-

O2

21. O2

2Ca + oxidized reducing agent 22. Al3+ & Li

O2 reduced oxidizing agent

2Ca2+ +

2O2-

Al3+ + reduced oxidizing agent

3Li oxidized reducing agent

Al

3Li+

Label the species that is reduced, that is oxidized, the reducing agent and the oxidizing agent.

23.

Fe2+

Co

Co2+

Fe

Co Fe reduction

Co2+

+ 2e- oxidation

Fe2+

2e-

24.

3 Ag+ Ni Ag

+ Ni2+

Ni + 2e-

oxidation

Ni3+ Ag+

+ +

3 Ag 1e

reduction

25.

Cu2+

Pb

Pb2+

Cu

Pb Cu

Pb2+

+ 2e-

oxidation

Cu2+

2e-

reduction

26.

O2 Sn 2O2

+ Sn2+

2 Sn + 2e-

oxidation

O2-

+ O2

2 Sn2+ + 4e-

reduction

27.

Co2+

2 F-

Co

F2

2F-

F2

+ 2e-

oxidation

Co2+

2e-

Coreduction

28. List the species (formulas from above) that lose electrons: Co Ni Pb Sn F-

29. List the species (formulas from above) that gain electrons: Fe2+ Ag+ Cu2+ O2 Co2+

For each of the following reactions, identify: -The Oxidizing Agent. -The Reducing Agent. -The Substance Oxidized. -The Substance Reduced. 30. I+ Cl2 ----------> ICl2 -----------> Cl+ I2 ICl2

Substance oxidized Oxidizing agent 31. Co + Fe3+

Reducing agent Substance reduced Co2+ + Fe2+

Substance oxidized Oxidizing agent 32. Cr6+ + Fe2+

Co Fe3+ -----------> Fe2+ Cr6+

Reducing agent Substance reduced Cr3+ +

Co Fe3+ Fe3+ Fe2+ Cr6+

Substance oxidized Oxidizing agent

Reducing agent Substance reduced

Redox Half Reactions and Reactions WS #2 1. State the Oxidation Number of each of the elements that is underlined. a) NH3 -3 b) H2SO4 6 c) ZnSO3 4 d) Al(OH)3 3 e) Na 0 f) Cl2 0 g) AgNO3 5 h) ClO47 i) SO2 4 j) K2Cr2O4 3 k) Ca(ClO3)2 5 l) K2Cr2O7 6 2m) HPO3 3 n) HClO 1 o) MnO2 4 p) KClO3 5 q) PbO2 4 r) PbSO4 2 s) K2SO4 6 t) NH4+ -3 u) Na2O2 -1 v) FeO 2 w) Fe2O3 3 x) SiO44-2 y) NaIO3 5 z) ClO3 5 aa) NO35 bb) Cr(OH)4 4 2+ cc) CaH2 -1 dd) Pt(H20)5(0H) +3 3+ ee) Fe(H2O)6 +3 ff) CH3COOH 0 2. What is the oxidation number of carbon in each of the following substances? a) CO 2 b) C 0 2c) CO2 4 d) CO3 4 e) C2H6 -3 f) CH3OH -2 3. For each of the following reactions, identify: the oxidizing agent, the reducing agent, the substance oxidized and the substance reduced. a) Cu2+ (aq) + Zn (s) --------> Cu (s) + Zn2+ (aq) Substance oxidized Oxidizing agent Zn Zn Cu
2+

Substance reduced Reducing agent

Cu2+

b) Cl2 (g)

2 Na (s) -------->

2 Na+ (aq) Na Cl2

2 Cl- (aq) Cl2

Substance oxidized Oxidizing agent Na

Substance reduced Reducing agent

WS # 3

Spontaneous and Non-spontaneous Redox Reactions

Describe each reaction as spontaneous or non-spontaneous. 1. Au+3 2. Pb 3. Cl2 + + + Fe+3 Fe+3 F-----> ------> ------> ------> ------> ------> ------> Fe+2 Fe+2 F2 2SO4-2 Cu Sn+4 Fe+3 + + + Br2 + + Au Pb+2 2ClPb+2 nonspontaneous (two oxidizing agents) spontaneous nonspontaneous spontaneous nonspontaneous spontaneous nonspontaneous

4. S2O8-2 + Pb 5.Cu+2 6. Sn+2 7. Pb+2 + + + 2BrBr2 Fe+2

+ 2Br+ Pb

8. Can you keep 1 M HCl in an iron container. If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for the reaction that would occur. No Fe + 2H+ --------> Fe2+ + H2

9. Can you keep 1 M HCl in an Ag container. If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for the reaction that would occur. Yes. There is no reaction. 10. Can you keep 1 M HNO3 in an Ag container. If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for the reaction that would occur. (remember HNO3 consists of two ions H+ and NO3-) No 3Ag + NO3+ 4H+ --------> 3Ag+ + NO + 2H2O

11. Can you keep 1 M HNO3 in an Au container. If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for the reaction that would occur. (Remember, HNO3 consists of two ions H+ and NO3-) Yes. There is no reaction. 12. Circle each formula that is able to lose an elecron O2 ClFe Na+

13. Determine the oxidation number for the element underlined. PbSO4 6 ClO35 HP0323 Na2O2 -1 CaH2 -1 Al2(SO4)3 6 NaIO3 5 C4H12 -3 14. Al3+ + Zn ---------> Zn
------------>

Al

Zn2+ Al3+

Substance oxidized 15. Cr2O72- + ClO2Substance reduced

Oxidizing agent Cr3+ + ClO4-

Cr2O72-

Oxidizing agent

Cr2O72-

16. State the Oxidation Number of each of the elements that is underlined. a) NH3 c) ZnCO3 e) Na -3 4 0 b) H2SO4 d) Al(OH)3 f) Cl2 6 3 0

17. Balance the redox equation using the half reaction method. Al + 3Ag+ ----------> Al3+ + 3Ag

18. Circle each formula that is able to lose an electron O2 ClFe Na+

Determine the oxidation number for the element underlined. 19. PbSO4 2 20. ClO3 5 21. HPO323

22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.

Na202 CaH2 NaIO3 C4H12 Al2(SO4)3 Al3+ + Zn

-1 -1 5 -3 6 ----------> Al Zn Cr3+ + Zn2+ Oxidizing agent + ClO4Al3+

Substance oxidized 28. Cr2O7 29. Cr2O72- +

2-

ClO2- ----------------> Cr2O72SO42- + SO2 O2

Substance reduced O3 + H2O + SO2 -----> Substance oxidized 30. 3As2O3 +

Oxidizing agent + 2H+ Reducing agent + 4NO As2O3 SO2

4NO3- + 7H2O + 4 H+ --------> 6H3AsO4 NO3-

Substance reduced

Reducing agent

WS # 4

Balancing Redox Reactions

Balance each of the following half-cell reactions. (In each case assume that the reaction takes place in an ACIDIC solution.) Also, state whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction. 1. 5H2O + S2O32- --------------> 2SO42+ 10H+ + 8e-

oxidation 2. 8H+ + 5e+ MnO4- --------------> Mn2+ + 4H2O

reduction 3. 4H2O + oxidation 4. 7H2O + 2Cr3+ -----------> Cr2O72+ 14H+ + 6eAs --------------> AsO43+ 8H+ + 5e-

oxidation

5.

2H2O + oxidation

Pb2+

--------------> PbO2 +

4H+

2e-

6.

8H+

SO42- +

6e-

--------------> S

4H2O

reduction 7. 4H+ + NO3+ 3e-------------> NO + 2H2O

reduction 8. 10H+ + reduction 9. 12H+ + reduction Balancing Half Cell Reactions Balance in basic solution. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 3e+ 2H2O 5e+ + + 6e+ As + + NO3MnO4--------------> NO + 4OH8OH10e+ 2BrO3- --------------> Br2 + 6H2O 8e+ NO3- --------------> NH4+ + 3H2O

4H2O + 8OH14OH4OH4H2O + 10 OH-

--------------> Mn2+ + AsO43- + 4H2O + + 5e-

-------------->

2Cr3+ --------------> Cr2O72Pb2+ --------------> +

7H2O + 2H2O + + 5H2O +

6e2e8OH8e-

PbO2 +

SO42- --------------> S

S2O32- --------------> 2SO42- +

17.

7H2O +

8e-

NO3-

--------------> NH4+ +

10 OH-

18.

6H2O +

10e-

2BrO3- --------------> Br2

12 OH-

19. Determine if each of the following changes is oxidation, reduction or neither. SO32CaO CrO42CrO422IIO3MnO4ClO220. Cr2O72+ --------> --------> --------> --------> --------> --------> --------> --------> Fe2+ SO42Ca Cr2O72Cr3+ I2 I2 Mn2+ ClOCr3+ + oxidation reduction neither reduction oxidation reduction reduction reduction Fe3+ Substance reduced Reducing agent

--------> Fe2+ Cr2O72-

Substance oxidized Cr2O72Oxidizing agent Fe2+

WS #5

Balancing Redox Reactions in Acid and Basic Solution

Balance each redox equation. Assume all are spontaneous. Use the half reaction method. 1. 2. 3. 2O24Al 2K + + + 2F2 3O2 Zn+2 -----------> -----------> -----------> O2 6O2Zn + + + 4F4Al3+ 2K+

Balance each half reaction in basic solution. 4. Cr2O72+ 7H2O + 6e--------------> 14OH+ 2Cr3+

5. 6. 7. 2OH-

NO 2H2O

+ +

4OH2e+ + H2O

------------------>

2H2O
-------------->

NO3- + 3eSO2 Mn2O3 + 4OH+

SO42+ 2e-

2MnO2

-------------->

Balance each redox reaction in acid solution using the half reaction method. 8. 8H+ + 7H2O 3H2O2 + Cr2O72-------> 3O2 + 2Cr3+ +

9. 10. 11. 12.

TeO32 - + 2N2O4 4H+ 8H+ + +

H2O

------->

Te

4NO3- + 4Re +

2H+ 2H2O 4H2O + 3H+

4ReO4- + 5PbO2 + ------->

7IOI2

-------> 7IO3- + -------> 5Pb2+ + 3H2AsO4+

2IO3- + 5AsH3

12H2O + 8As

Balance each redox reaction in basic solution using the half reaction method.

13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

3O2 H2O

8OH-

+ 2Cr3+

-------> H2O

3H2O2 + +

+ 2N2O4 2H2O

Cr2O72-

+ Te +

4NO3- -------> TeO32- + -------> 4ReO4- +

2OH7IO-

7IO3- + 8OH- + 7H2O

4OH- + 4Re 5Pb2+ +

2IO3- -------> 5PbO2 +

I2 + 4H2O

+ Cr2O72- + 3Hg -------> 3Hg2+ +

14OH- + 2Cr3+

State of the change represents oxidation, reduction or neither (use oxidation #s). 18. 19. 20. 21. MnO2 NH3 HClO4 O2
--------> --------> -------> -------->

Mn2O3 NO2 HCl + O2-

H2O

reduction oxidation reduction reduction

22.

P2O5

-------->

P4H10

reduction

Determine the oxidation number 23. H2S O4 6 24. P4 0 25. U O3 6 26. U 2O5 5 WS #6 1. Describe each in your own words 1. Oxidation 2. Reduction 3. Oxidizing agent 4. Reducing agent

22. 23. 24. 25. Review

HS O4NaH Na2O 2 P b SO4

6 -1 -1 2

- loss of electrons - gain of electrons - causes oxidation by undergoing reduction - causes reduction by undergoing oxidation

2. Write half reactions for each. Describe as oxidation or reduction. Circle all oxidizing agents. a) b) c) d) e) f) Na Ca Al3+ 2F1N2 2O2-----------> Na+ + e2+ -----------> Ca + 2e+ 3e- -----------> Al ----------> F2 + 2e+ 6e- ----------> 2N3----------> O2 + 4eoxidation oxidation reduction oxidation reduction oxidation

3. Write the reaction between the following: Use the half reaction method. a) Ca + 3Ca b) Sn + Sn + c) Sn + 3Sn + Al(NO3)3 + AgNO3 2Ag+ -------------> 2Ag + Sn2+ 2Al3+ -------------> 2Al + 3Ca2+

Au(NO3)3 2Au3+ -------------> 2Au Cu F+ Cu+ F 3Sn2+ Al O2Al3+ O2

4. Circle each reducing agent: 5. Circle each oxidizing agent:

6. Ni+2 reacts with Mn, however, Al+3 does not react with Mn. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength. strongest oxidizing agent Ni2+ + Mn2+ + Al3+ + 2e2e3e-----------> -----------> -----------> Ni Mn Al

strongest reducing agent

7. Ag+ reacts with Pb, however, Ca+2 does not react with Pb. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength. strongest oxidizing agent Ag+ Pb2+ Ca2+ + + + 1e2e2e-----------> -----------> -----------> Ag Pb Ca

strongest reducing agent

8. Cl2 reacts with Ag, however, Ag does not react with Mg+2. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength. strongest oxidizing agent Cl2 + Ag+ + Mg2+ + 2e1e2e--------> -----------> -----------> 2ClAg Mg

strongest reducing agent

9. Ni+2 reacts with Mn, however, Al+3 does not react with Mn. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength. strongest oxidizing agent Ni2+ + Mn2+ + Al3+ + 2e2e3e-----------> -----------> -----------> Ni Mn Al

strongest reducing agent

10. Cl2 reacts with Br-, however, I2 does not react with Br-. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength. strongest oxidizing agent Cl2 Br2 I2 + + + 2e2e2e--------> --------> --------> 2Cl2Br2I-

strongest reducing agent

Classify as oxidation, reduction or neither. 11. SO4212. MnO2 13. Cr2O7214. IO3--------> S2--------> MnO4--------> CrO42--------> I2 reduction oxidation neither reduction

15. Given the following lab data SnCl2 Ni(NO3)2 Cr(NO3)3 & & & Ni Fe Fe Spontaneous Spontaneous Non spontaneous.

i) Write three balanced equations. Ni + Sn2+ -------------> Fe + Ni2+ -------------> Fe + Cr3+ <-------------

Ni2+ Fe2+ Fe2+

+ + +

Sn Ni Cr

ii) Rank the oxidizing agents in decreasing order of strength. strongest oxidizing agent Sn2+ Ni2+ Fe2+ Cr3+ + + + + 2e2e2e3e-----------> -----------> -----------> -----------> Sn Ni Fe Cr

strongest reducing agent

iii) Rank the reducing agents in decreasing order of strength. See above. iv) Will SnCl2 react with Cr? Explain? Yes, because Sn2+ is a stronger oxidizing agent than Cr3+ . v) Will Fe2+ react with Sn? 16. 2MnO oxidizing agent 17. 2H+ + 10SO42+ 4Br2 oxidizing agent Balance in basic solution 2MnO419. a) b) c) d) 20. + 5H2S --------> 5S + 2MnO + 4H2O + 2OHreducing agent 2H+ + No, because Fe2+ is a weaker oxidizing agent than Sn2+ 2MnO4+ 5H2S --------> 5S + 6H2O +

----------> 5S2O32- + 8BrO3- + H2O reducing agent

18.

Describe as spontaneous or non-spontaneous. Use your reduction potential chart. ZnCl2 CuCl2 Br2 H2S & & & & Cu NaCl Fe2+ Al3+ nonspontaneous nonspontaneous spontaneous nonspontaneous No, Spontaneous reaction. Yes, nonspontaneous reaction.

Can you keep HCl in a Zn container? What about an Au container?

Balance in basic solution 21. H2O + 10SO42- + 4Br2 ------> 5S2O32- + 2OH- + 8BrO3-

Classify as an oxidizing agent, reducing agent or both based on its position on the table. State the Eoor voltage of its position. Some of these are both, so state two voltages and indicate that it can be an oxidizing and reducing agent. e.g. MnO422. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. (in acid) Br2 Fe2+ MnO4- (water) Ni Cr3+ H2O oxidizing agent oxidizing agent oxidizing agent / reducing agent oxidizing agent reducing agent oxidizing agent oxidizing agent / reducing agent 1.51 v 1.09 v -0.45 v / 0.77 v 0.60 v -0.26 v -0.74 v -0.40 v / +0.80 v

Indicate as spontaneous or non-spontaneous. 28. MnO4& Fe2+ 29. Cu2+ & Br30. HNO3 & Ag 31. MnO4 (acid) & H2O 32. Ni(s) & Al3+ 33. HCl & Mg

non-spontaneous non-spontaneous spontaneous spontaneous non-spontaneous spontaneous

Write each oxidation and reduction half reaction for each question above. Determine the Eo for each. Calculate the Eo for the overall reaction. 34. MnO435. 36. NO3NO337. 38. 39. Mg 2H+ Mg + + 2e------> H2 ----------> Mg2+ + 2e2H+ ----------> Mg2+ + 0.00 v 2.37 v 2.37 v + + 4H+ +3e- -----------> NO 3(Ag ----------> Ag+ + 1e-) + 4H + 3Ag ----------> NO + + 2H2O 2H2O + 3Ag+ +0.96 v -0.80 v +0.16 v + MnO4+ 2H2O + 3e- --------> MnO2 2+ 3+ 3(Fe -----------> Fe + 1e ) 2H2O + 3Fe2+ -----------> 3Fe3+ + MnO2 + + 4OH4OH+0.60 v -0.77 v -0.17 v

H2

WS # 7 1. Oxidation is when electrons are lost. 2. Reduction is when electrons are gained. 3. The reducing agent undergoes oxidation. 4. The oxidizing agent undergoes reduction.

Electrochemical Cells

5. A negative voltage means the reaction is nonspontaneous. 6. In an electrochemical cell electrons exit the electrode, which is negative. 7. In an electrochemical cell the reduction reaction is higher on the chart, while the oxidation reaction is lower. . 8. The cathode is the site of reduction and the anode is the site of oxidation. 9. Anions migrate to the anode and cations migrate to the cathode. 10. Anions have a negative charge and cations have a positive charge. .

Draw and completely analyze each electrochemical cell. 11. Zn / Zn(NO3)2 Cu / Cu(NO3)2

2 e-

voltmeter

2 e-

1.0 M KNO3 NO3- K+ Zn Zn Zn2+ + 2eoxidation anode 0.76 v loses mass Cu Cu has greater electron affinity Cu2+ + 2e- Cu reduction cathode 0.34 v gains mass

Zn2+ NO3
-

Cu2+ NO3
-

1 M Zn(NO3)2

1 M Cu(NO3)2 1.10 v

Cu2+ + Zn Zn2+ + Cu

12. Ag / AgNO3

H2 / HCl

2 e-

voltmeter

2 e-

1.0 M KNO3 NO3- K+ H2 H2 2H+ + 2eoxidation anode 0.00 v Cu Ag has a greater electron affinity 2Ag+ + 2e- 2Ag reduction cathode 0.80 v gains mass

H+ Cl1 M HCl

Ag+ NO3
-

1 M Ag(NO3)2 0.80 v

2Ag+ + H2 2Ag + 2H+

WS # 8 1. In an electrolytic cell, reduction occurs at the negative electrode and oxidation occurs at the positive electrode. 2. If there are two possible reduction reactions, the highest one on the chart occurs. 3. For reduction, the chart is read from left to right. 4. For oxidation, the chart is read from right to left and the sign of the voltage is changed. 5. If there are two possible oxidation reactions, the lowest one on the chart occurs. 6. Corrosion of a metal is oxidation. 7. Electrolysis uses electrical energy. 8. Electrochemical cells produce electrical energy. 9. Electrolytic cells use electrical energy. 10. What is the standard reference cell? hydrogen Eo = O v Draw and completely analyze each electrolytic cell. 11. Molten NaCl

Power Source

Pt Na+ Cl-

+ Pt

Cathode: Na+ + 1e- 2e-1.36 v

Na(s)

-2.71 v

Anode: 2Cl- Cl2 + MTV = +4.07 v

Overall: 2Na+ + 2Cl- Cl2 + 2Na(s) -4.07 v

12. Aqueous Na2SO4

Power Source

C
Na+ SO42H2O

+ C

Cathode: 2H2O + 2e- H2 + 2OH- -0.41 v + 1/2O2 + 2e-0.82 v Overall: H2O H2 + 1/2O2 -1.23 v

Anode: H2O

2H+

MTV = +1.23 v

13. Liquid K2O

Power Source

Pt K+ O2-

+ Pt

Cathode: K+ + 1e- 4e?v

K(s)

-2.93 v -? v MTV = +? v

Anode: 2O2- O2 +

Overall: 4K+ + 2O2- O2 + 4K(s)

14. 1.0 M LiI

Power Source

Pt Li+ I-

+ Pt

Cathode: Cathode: 2H2O + 2e- -0.54 v

H2 + 2OH-0.95 v

-0.41 v

Anode: 2I- I2 + 2e-

Overall: 2H2O + 2I- I2 + H2 + 2OH-

MTV = +0.95 v

15. 250ml of 0.200M MnO4- reacts with excess SO3-2. How many grams of MnO2 are produced? This is Chemistry 11 stoichiometry. 2MnO4- + 3SO3-2 + H2O -----> 2MnO2 + 3SO4-2 + 2OH0.250L MnO4- x 0.200 mol x 2 mol MnO2 L 2 mol MnO4x 86.9g = 4.34g mol

16. Determine the oxidation number for each underlined atom. MnO2 4 Cr2O7-2 6 IO35 C2O4-2 3 17. Describe each term:

Al(NO3)3

Salt bridge- a u-tube filled with salt solution that allows ions to flow in an electrochemical cell. Electrolyte- a solution that conducts electricity Anode- an electrode that is the site of oxidation Cathode- an electrode that is the site of reduction Spontaneous- a reaction that occurs naturally and has a positive voltage Electron affinity- the ability of a metal to attract electrons 18. What would happen if you used an aluminum spoon to stir a solution of FeSO4(aq) ? Write a reaction and calculate Eo. 2Al + 3Fe2+ ------->2Al3+ + would be a reaction! 3Fe E0 = 1.21 v Spontaneous. There

19. Draw an electrochemical cell using Cu and Ag electrodes. Cathode (+) Ag Ag+ + 1e---------> Ag 2Ag+ + Cu ------> Anode (-) Cu Cu -------> Cu2 + 2e Cu2+ E0 = 0.46 v spontaneous

0.80v 2Ag +

-0.34v

20. 250ml of .500M MnO4- are required to titrate a 100ml sample of SO3-2. Calculate the [SO3-2] 2MnO4- + 3SO3-2 + H2O -----> 2MnO2 + 3SO4-2 + 2OH.250L MnO4- x 0.500 mol x 3 mol SO3-2 L 2MnO40.100L = 1.88M

21. How is the breathalyzer reaction used to determine blood alcohol content (you might need to look this up in your textbook)? The breathalyzer reaction uses a spontaneous redox reaction between acidic Cr2O72- and ethanol C2H5OH. If alcohol is present in your breath sample, it will react with a solution of Cr2O72- reducing the orange color as it reacts to form Cr3+, which is green. The drunker you are, the greater the reduction in orange color, which is measured with a spectrophotometer. 22. 2H+ + Mg-----> Mg+2 +H2 Oxidizing agent H+

Reducing agent

Mg

WS #9

Electrolytic, Electrochemical Cells & Application

Determine the half reactions for each cell and the cell voltage or minimum theoretical voltage and overall equation. 1. Ag / Pb electrochemical cell. Anode: Anode reaction: 1e- -------> Ag Overall reaction: Pb Pb --------> Pb
2+

+ 2e

Cathode: Cathode reaction: + 2Ag

Ag Ag+ +

Pb + 2Ag+

-----> Pb2+

Voltage: 0.93v

2. ZnCl2(l) electrolytic cell (electro-winning) Anode: Anode reaction: -------> Zn Overall reaction: C 2Cl- --------> Cl2 + 2e2Cl+ Zn2+ -----> Cl2 Cathode: Cathode reaction: + Zn Zn
2+

C + 2e-

MTV: +2.12 v

3. CuSO4(aq) electrolytic cell (electro-winning) Anode: C Anode reaction: H2O --------> 2H+ 2+ Cu + 2e -------> Cu Overall reaction: H2O + Cu2+ + 1/2O2 + 2e-----> 2H+ Cathode: C Cathode reaction: MTV: +0.48 v

+ 1/2O2 + Cu

4. The electrolysis of 1M NaI (electro-winning) Anode: Anode reaction: -------> H2 + 2OHOverall reaction: C 2I- --------> I2 + 2e2H2O + 2ICathode: C Cathode reaction: 2H2O + 2e-----> H2 + 2OH- + I2 MTV: +0.95 v

5. The reaction needed to make Al. The electrolyte is Al2O3 and its phase is molten (molten or aqueous). To lower the mp. from 2000 oC to 800 oC cryolite is used. Anode: Anode reaction: -------> Al Overall reaction: 6. C 2O2- -------> O2 6O2+ 4Al3+ + 4e-----> 3O2 + 4Al Cathode: C Cathode reaction: Al3+ + 3e-

The reaction needed to electroplate a copper penny with silver. Ag Cathode: + Ag-----> Ag + epenny Cathode reaction: Ag+ + e- ----->

Anode: Anode reaction: Ag 7.

The reaction needed to nickel plate a copper penny. Ni Cathode: +2 Ni-----> Ni + 2eNi(NO3)2 penny Cathode reaction: Ni2+ + 2e-

Anode: Anode reaction: -----> Ni Possible Electrolyte 8.

The reaction used in the electrorefining of lead. Impure Lead Pb-----> Pb+2 + 2eCathode: Cathode reaction: Pure Lead Pb2+ + 2e- -----> Pb

Anode: Anode reaction:

WS # 10 Electrolytic, Electrochemical Cells, Corrosion, & Cathodic Protection Determine the half reactions for each cell and the cell voltage or minimum theoretical voltage. 1. Zn / Mg electrochemical cell Mg Mg --------> Mg
2+

Anode: Anode reaction: 2e- -------> Zn

+ 2e

Cathode: Cathode reaction:

Zn Zn+2 +

Overall reaction: 2.

Mg + Zn2+ -----> Mg2+

Zn

Voltage: 1.61v

The electrolytic cell used to produce Al. Al2O3 Phase (aqueous or molten) C 2O2- -------> O2 + 4e6O2+ 4Al3+ -----> 3O2 + 4Al Molten Cathode: C Cathode reaction: Al3+ + 3e-

Electrolyte: Anode: Anode reaction: -------> Al Overall reaction:

3.

The electrolysis KI(aq) Cathode: C Cathode reaction: 2H2O + I2 MTV: +0.95 v

Anode: C Anode reaction: 2I- --------> I2 + 2e2e -------> H2 + 2OH Overall reaction: 2H2O + 2I-----> H2 + 2OH- + 4. The electrorefining of Pb Impure Lead Pb-----> Pb+2 + 2eCathode: Cathode reaction:

Anode: Anode reaction: 5.

Pure Lead Pb2+ + 2e- -----> Pb

Nickel plating an iron nail. Ni Cathode: +2 Ni-----> Ni + 2eNi(NO3)2 nail Cathode reaction: Ni2+ + 2e-

Anode: Anode reaction: -----> Ni Possible Electrolyte

The -ve side of the power supply is connected to the nail

6. Draw an Ag/ Zn electrochemical cell. Anode: Anode reaction: 1e- -------> Ag Overall reaction: Zn Zn --------> Zn
2+

+ 2e

Cathode: Cathode reaction: + 2Ag

Ag Ag+ +

Zn + 2Ag+

-----> Zn2+

Voltage: 1.56v

7. Draw a KF(l) electrolytic cell. Anode: Anode reaction: Overall reaction: C 2F- --------> F2 + 2e2F- + 2K+-----> Cl2 Cathode: C Cathode reaction: K+ + e- -------> K + K MTV: +5.80v

8. Draw a KF(aq) electrolytic cell. Anode: C Cathode: C

Anode reaction: H2O --------> 2H+ + 1/2O2 + 2e2H2O + 2e -------> H2 + 2OHOverall reaction: H2O -----> H2 + 1/2O2 9. Draw a FeI2(aq) electrolytic cell. Anode: Anode reaction: 2e- -------> Fe Overall reaction: C 2I- --------> I2 + 2eFe2+ + 2I-----> Fe + I2

Cathode reaction: MTV: +1.23 v

Cathode: C 2+ Cathode reaction: Fe + MTV: +0.99 v

10. Draw a Cd/Pb electrochemical cell. Cd is not on the reduction chart, however, the Cd electrode gains mass and the total cell potential is .5v. Determine the half-cell potential for Cd. Anode: Pb Anode reaction: Pb --------> Pb2+ + 2e+2 Cd + 2e -------> Zn x volts 2+ Overall reaction: Pb + Cd -----> Pb2+ + 0.13 + x = 0.50 x = 0.37v Cathode: Cathode reaction: Voltage: 0.50v Cd

0.13v Cd

11. Write the overall reaction and describe the anode and cathode for a dry (Leclanche), fuel, alkaline and lead/acid cell.

Cell
Leclanche or Common Dry Cell Alkaline Cell

anode
Zn Zn

anode reaction cathode cathode reaction

Zn-->Zn+2 + 2e- C Zn-->Zn+2 + 2e- C Pb ---> Pb+2+ 2eH2 + 2OH- ---> 2H2O + 2ePbO2 C Mn+4 +1e- -----> Mn+3 Mn+4 +1e- -----> Mn+3 PbO2 + HSO4- + 3H+ + 2e-----> PbSO4 + 2H2O

electrolyte
NH4Cl and MnO2 KOH and MnO2 H2SO4

Lead Storage or Pb Car Battery Fuel Cell C

O2 + H2O +2e-----> 2OH- KOH

12. 2HIO3 + 5H2SO3 ----------> I2 + 5H2SO4 + H2O oxidizing agent HIO3 substance reduced HIO3 13.What is the electrolyte in a fuel cell? KOH 14. What is the fuel in a fuel cell? H2 and O2

substance oxidized reducing agent

H2SO3 H2SO3

15. Describe the differences and similarities between an electrolytic and electrochemical cell. Electrolytic Uses electricity Nonspontaneous Makes chemicals Inert carbon electrodes The negative electrode is reduction Electrochemical Produces electricity Spontaneous Uses chemicals Usually has a salt bridge The higher metal is reduction

Oxidation occurs at the anode and reduction occurs at the cathode. Anions migrate to the anode and cations migrate to the cathode. Electrons go from anode to cathode through the wire. 16. Describe and give two examples of electrowinning. The electrolysis of water to make H2 and O2. The electrolysis of Al2O3 to make Al and O2. 17. Describe and give one example of electrorefinning. The electrorefinning of Pb. 18. List three metals that can be won from aqueous solution. Cu Fe Sn 19. List three metals that cannot be won from aqueous solution. Al Na Pb K Au Li Ag Ca Zn Mg

20. What is the electrolyte in a fuel cell, alkaline battery, Dry Cell (Leclanche) and lead acid battery? KOH KOH & MnO2 NH4Cl & MnO2 PbSO4

21. State two metals that can be used to cathodically protect Fe. Describe how they protect iron from corrosion. Zn and Mg. When attached to Fe they form an electrochemical cell. Zn or Mg is a stronger reducing agent (lower on the chart) and is the anode and Fe is the cathode. Since the cathode is the site of reduction, Fe cannot oxidize or corrode. 22. Write the half reaction that describes the corrosion of iron. Fe --------> Fe2+ +2e-

23. Write the half reaction that describes the reduction reaction that occurs when iron corrodes in air and water. 2e- + H2O + 1/2O2 ----------> 2OH-

24. Why does iron corrode faster in salt water? the rate of reaction in an electrochemical cell.

The salt acts like a salt-bridge and increases

25. Write the anode and cathode reaction in an electrolytic cell with a CaCl2 (l) electrolyte. Cathode: Ca2+ + 2e- ---------> Ca Anode: 2Cl- ----------> Cl2 + 2e-

26. Explain why you would choose Zn or Cu to cathodically protect iron? Zn. It is a stronger reducing agent than Fe and it will allow Fe to be the cathode, which cannot corrode. 27. Choose a suitable redox reactant to oxidize Cl- to ClO4- in a redox titration. MnO4- in acid gives a spontaneous reaction as well as a color change from purple to clear. 28. Describe as an electrochemical or electrolytic cell: a) Fuel cell electrolytic c) Discharging a car battery electrolytic e) Industrial Al production electrolytic 29) Write the anode and cathode reactions. Cell anode anode reaction cathode
2Cl- ------> Cl2 C + 2eZn-->Zn+2 + 2e- C/MnO2 Ni-->Ni+2 + 2ePb ---> Pb+2+ 2eH2 + 2OH- ---> 2H2O + 2e-

electrochemical electrochemical electrolytic

b)Charging a car battery d) Ni plating f) Cl2 production

cathode reaction
Na+ + e- -----> Na Mn+4 +1e- -----> Mn+3

electrolyte
NaCl(l) NH4Cl and MnO2

Cl2 production C
Leclanche or Zn Common Dry Cell Nickel Plating Lead Storage or Car Battery Fuel Cell Ni

Metal to be Ni2+ +2e- -----> Ni plated

Ni(NO3)2 H2SO4 KOH

Pb C

PbO2 C

PbO2 + SO4-2 + 4OH-1 + 2e-----> PbSO4 + 2H2O O2 + 2H2O +4e-----> 4OH-

30) Al and AgNO3(aq) are mixed and the surface of the Al darkens. List the two oxidizing agents in decreasing strength. List the two reducing agents in decreasing strength. Oxidizing Agents Ag+ Al3+

Reducing Agents

Al

Ag