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Application area Hydraulic and Pneumatic systems

Pneumatic Signals are widely used to operate high load/Valves - compressibility of air Hydraulic are used for more large loads -are costly and oil leakage hazard

Hydraulic Actuators

Advantages
Transmission like electricity Force in all directions E/M in one direction Instantaneous reversing Minimum moving parts Direct drive point of load No/minimal need of transmission gearbox/etc. Control 2 variables Overload protection Compact Mechatronics, CRIS BITS PIlani

Hydraulic Actuators .. Disadvantages/Limitations

Power = P * Q (~ VI)
3 Mechatronics, CRIS BITS PIlani 4

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Hydraulic Actuators ..

Linear (reciprocating)
More common Hydraulic Cylinder Types
Single/double acting Displacement/ram/

Hydraulic Actuators .. Rotary

Oscillatory vane type
Limited rotation actuators Few degree/few turn (screw) Single vane (320 deg/40 kNm) Double vane (150 deg/80 kNm)

Selection: application/load/mounting/ environment

Mechatronics, CRIS BITS PIlani 5

Mechatronics, CRIS BITS PIlani

Hydraulic Actuators .. Rotary

Continuous hydraulic motor
Gear/piston/vane type Gear low torque/low power Vane low torque/medium power Piston Radial: med T/P Axial: High T/P

Pneumatic Actuators
Advantages/disadvantages/fea tures
Power-to-weight ratio Clean operation Quick acting/quick reversal Compressibility of air Non-linearity Accuracy of positioning Safety/overload/explosion Low power Dry friction
Mechatronics, CRIS BITS PIlani 8

Mechatronics, CRIS BITS PIlani

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Pneumatic Actuators ..
Types:
Similar to hydraulic Linear piston:
Single/double acting multi-stage piston Curved piston/rotary piston Complex control control valves Difficult speed control

Power Supplies
Motor Sump
oil

pump

Oil relief valve

Maintain safe pressure

bellows/diaphragm Rotary/wane/turbine/gear:
High speed (3000-8500 rpm)/low power (0.1-0.2 kW)

Non return valve

1 D flow

Mechatronics, CRIS BITS PIlani 9 10

Power Supply Circuit

Pr. Relief Valve NRV Accumulator

Power Supplies
Accumulator
Just a container Oil held under pr. Gas pr. Spring type (old) Pr. fluctuation

Pump Return Oil Sump

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Pneumatic Power Supply

Valve
Direct or regulate the flow Finite position Infinite position

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Directional Control Valve

Linear spool valve Rotary spool valve 2/2

Valve Symbols

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3/2 and 4/2

Valve actuation symbol

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Valve
Infinite position

Valve working symbol

1 or P pr. Supply 3 or T hyd. return port 3 or 5 (R or S) Pneumetic Exhaust 2 or 5 (B or A) o/p ports

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Solenoid operated valve

Single Acting Cylinder

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Double Acting Cylinder

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A lift system

Pilot-operated valve

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Directional valve

Pr. Control valve

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Pr. Sequence Valve

Pr. Sequence Valve

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30

Cylinder sequencing

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Pressure Control Valves

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Pressure Control Valves

Valve bodies

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Valve bodies

Quick opening, linear, equal percentage

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40

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equal percentage valves

'Any % change in the opening from its current existing value changes the flow by same percentage of its current value at current opening.' Means if current opening is say 10% & u change it to 15% than the change in opening from its current value (of 10%) is 50%, so the flow will also increase by 50% of its existing value at 10% opening. This means if flow was say 20% of the total range (Or capacity of the valve) at 10% opening it will become 30% (50% higher compared to 20%) of the total range.

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Unloading Valve

Counterbalance valve

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Brake Valve

Pressure reducing valve

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Non pressure compensate flow control valve

Pressure compensated flow control valve

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Basic Components

Hydraulic Symbols

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Hydraulic Symbols

Hydraulic Symbols

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Hydraulic Symbols

Hydraulic Symbols

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Hydraulic Symbols

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