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APUSH
Over there over there Send the word, send the word over
there That the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are coming, The drums rum-tumming ev'rywhere So prepare say a pray'r Send the word, send the word to beware We'll be over, we're coming over,
gun, get your gun, Johnnie show the Hun you're a son of a gun, Hoist the flag and let her fly, Yankee Doodle do or die. Pack your little kit, show your grit, do your bit, Yankees to the ranks from the towns and the tanks, Make your mother proud of you And the old Red White and Blue.
Essay Question
A. B. C. D. E.
Mobilization for WWI altered the lives of millions of civilians. Describe the impact on the American society to three of the following: Women and the war effort (military, munitions manufacturing) African Americans (Great Migration, push pull factors) Critics-Curbing dissent (Civil Liberties- Espionage ActSedition Act) Funding for the war (Income, Corporate, excise taxes, War Bonds, Loans) Administration of Resources -Fuel and food (Food Administration, Wheat, sugar, meat)
has ever taken place on earth. Ernest Hemmingway Make the world safe for democracy.
Woodrow Wilson
AP Outline
The First World War Problems of neutrality Submarines Economic ties Psychological and ethnic ties Preparedness and Wilson's Fourteen Points Treaty of Versailles Ratification fight Postwar demobilization Red scare Labor strife
pacifism Mobilization
Fighting the war Financing the war War boards Propaganda, public opinion,
civil liberties
Political Science Governor of New Jersey Want foreign policy to shape morality in the World. Very religious Committed to Peace in the world.
administration had to deal chiefly with foreign affairs. Hoped to change relations with Latin Americadidnt like the Big Stick diplomacy Wanted to restore Latin American Confidence in the US American Economic Expansion with American Democracy, and Christianity, to civilize the world. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan (Christian, Pacifist- reflected the Moral/Missionary vision)
Missionary Diplomacy
Wilson saw American influence in the world as a
moral crusade Wanted to help create a New World Order guided by fair play and cooperation Wanted to spread democracy and hope to less fortunate lands Pledged, The United States would never again seek one additional foot of territory by conquest.
principles of humanity wherever convert them to principles of America. America must use its enormous moral and material power to create a new order.
American Neutrality
Most Americans did not want to get involved in
the War Wilson didnt want war but didnt want Brits to lose Anglo-Americans pro-Allies (Brits) Irish Americans (4.5 million) were Anti-British and pro-German (1916, Easter Rising, Irish will use German Weapons to attack British in Dublin) German Americans pro-German (8 million) American Industrialists- were making millions on war goods
American Neutrality
Wilson said, A German victory would be destructive to American ideals.
Immediately after the War bogged down into stalemate, the Allies
sought to build their armies. They needed money and material to do it. They also needed supplies in large quantities. What they couldn't produce they bought from the United States and they bought on credit from U. S. Banks. Trade with Germany 1914 = $169,000,000 1916 = $1,158,000 1917 $27 million in credit Trade with Allies 1914 = $824,000,000 1916 = $3,214,000,000 1917 = $2.3 billion in credit
When the War looked bad for the Allies the bankers became worried
that they might lose their money if the Allies lost the War and started to pressure the United States government to get more involved.
necessity to maintain freedom of the seas Causes Americans to become more hostile to Germans
Effect of Lusitania
Wilson protests and demands German apology,
reparations, commitment to stop attacking passenger vessels Germans comply for time being Americans still trade with Allies and Germans Wilson desires Peace and Preparedness begins to prepare for war with appropriations
Election of 1916
Linkhttp://www.an
swers.com/topic/u nited-statespresidentialelection-1916
Wilson playing
both sides Preparedness and Peace Beats the Republican Hughes Very close race 277-254 electoral votes 9.1 mill- 8.5 mill pop votes
Propaganda Grows
Zimmerman Telegram
January 1917 German diplomat suggests to Mexico Alliance If US enters the war against Germany Mexico declares war on US and if Germany and
US win, Mexico will receive Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico Telegram is leaked to papers Outrages many Americans = more support for entering war
Warfare= All ships going to Allied countries possible targets. Germans thought this might cause US to enter war, but thought war would end before they could mobilize.
Video of Submarine
the survival of democracy. US Bankers and industrialists supported entrance into war Wilson wanted to see a New World Order emerge He cited the Freedom of the seas The American cause was to vindicate the principles of peace and justiceThe world must be made safe for democracy. Asks Congress for a Declaration of War
that
He Kept Us Out of War!
In 1917, however, Wilson sought a declaration of war. Citing Freedom of the seas. A War to Make the World Safe for Democracy
Congress Vote
April 1917 Senate 92-6 House 473-50 US is at war against Germany
Mobilization
Financing the War Raised Income Taxes Corporate Taxes Loans War Bonds $24 Billion- cost of war $11 Billion in war loans War boards organize
(WIB)
Huge bureaucracy Manages war time economy
Food Administration Herbert Hoover Managed food supply Controlling Wheat, Meat, Sugar Railroad Board Fuel Administration Shipping Board (Merchant
production
could be used for the war effort such as: wheat, grains, and sugar so that it could be used for the war effort 18th Amendment proposed- outlaw the making of alcohol Volstead Act- federal legislation that enforces the 18th amendment
Civil Liberties
US has a history of limiting civil liberties, (liberties of free
speech, suspending Habeas Corpus) John Adams 1798- Alien Sedition Acts Lincoln- Civil War- suspends Habeas Corpus World War I Wilson pushes Sedition Acts (limits freedom of speech) Web site on suspension of civil liberties Espionage and Sedition Acts
Act of June 15, 1917. SECTION 3. Whoever, when the United States is at war,, . . .(hinder) the recruiting or enlistment service of the United States, or . . . shall willfully utter, print, write, or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the form of government of the United States, or the Constitution of the United States, by word or act oppose the cause of the United States therein, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both....
Munitions Manufacturers. People like Emma Goldman, Eugene Debs, and Jane Addams vigorously criticized the decision to enter the war. Debs will be put in prison because of his views
register for the draft More men who served in the war were conscripted. Draftees were un Unmarried, 13% black 24 million registered 2.8 million drafted 2 million volunteered
get. New York/Chicago Push: poor conditions, floods, race oppression Pull: more economic opportunity, jobs, higher pay Migration causes -hostility among other groupsimmigrants Segregated in military-
service/menial tasks Some Combat regiments Segregated Units White officers Suffer racial abuse
troops w/out weapons to the front line; 1916 Russians pull out with treaty Brest Litovsk 1917 1916 French mutiny, 300 killed for refusing to attack fighting Trench warfare causing mass amounts of deaths; No mans land and Machine Guns, high explosives, and poison gas If Germany had taken Paris they would have won, but American reinforcements (1 million troops) stopped the Germans and save the Allies
American Battles
By early 1918 American troops arrive in France The AEF fight in a few important engagements Chateau-Thierry Bellau Wood The Argonne Forrest St. Mihiel
Trench Warfare
Armistice
November 11, 1918 Germans facing invasion ask for a negotiated end of war
the war. His New World Order We entered this war because violations of right had occurred which touched us to the quick and made the life of our own people impossible unless they were corrected and the world secured once for all against their recurrence.
What we demand in this war, therefore, is nothing peculiar to
ourselves. It is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made safe for every peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression. for our own part we see very clearly that unless justice be done to others it will not be done to us. The program of the world's peace, therefore, is our program
Do unto others
All the peoples of the world are in effect partners in this interest, and
Fourteen Points
Idealist expression of
Wilson
To correct errors that
created the war and to support the creation of a new world order based on Wilsons missionary principles
Contained in Treaty
Some of the Points Self Determination = independence for colonies Freedom of Seas Greater freedom of trade No Secret Treaties Reduction of armaments League of Nations to solve international problems
of Versailles
Ratification Battle
Republican Senator, Henry Cabot Lodge Didnt like Wilson Wanted to change/weaken the League of Nations
Republicans in Senate He goes on a speaking tour to create public pressure on the Senate Has a massive stroke and is incapacitated The league of Nations/internationalism is dead American policy and popular opinion will reflect the concept of Isolationism- till World War II
of the world's population was attacked by this deadly virus. Within months, it had killed more people than any other illness in recorded history. Web Site 1918 Flu
Red Scare
Red Scare
After the Communist Revolution in Russia and Establishment of the Communist International
(Comintern) Americans become frightened of Communism in the US 1918- Anarchist mail bombing campaign Mitchell Palmer, US Attorney General, was one of the recipients- prompts hysterical reaction roundups of 6000 alleged radicals 500 deported J. Edgar Hoover is and assistant to Palmer, (will later head the FBI)