Elementos de estadstica inferencial

Dr Sergio Uribe Profesor Asociado UACh sergiouribe@uach.cl

Funciones de la estadstica

Recolectar y organizar datos Describir grandes volmenes de datos Inferir a partir de muestras

Garbage In Garbage Out

Estadstica con la informacin que tengo, qu hay en el balde? Probabilidad Dada la informacin del balde, qu tengo en la mano?

Pasos para evaluar significancia estadstica

Verificar variables (d/i, tipo, distribucin) establecer la ho recolectar datos seleccionar test, VERIFICAR SUPUESTOS se puede aceptar ho?

Greenhalgh How to read a paper Statistics for the non-statistician. I: Different types of data need different statistical tests BMJ 1997;315:3646

JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH: VOL. 128, NO. 2, OCTOBER 2005

Test estadsticos inferencias

Paramtrico Diferencias 2 grupos pareados No pareados >2 grupos T de Student pareado T de Student ANOVA (+ post hoc) medias No paramtrico proporciones Chi cuadrado Wilcoxcon Mann-Whitney Chi cuadrado Kruskal-Wallis Correlacin? Magnitud r de Pearson Spearman

Correlacin? Naturaleza

Regresin

Regresin

Valor de p Intervalos de confianza

= significancia estadstica = significancia clnica

NO SIGNIFICA NECESARIAMENTE
significancia clnica
Ej: diferencia significativa (p<0.05) en profundidad de sondaje entre dos grupos: grupo a 3.44444 vs grupo b 3.44445

significancia estadstica

Critical Care August 2002 Vol 6 No 4 Whitley and Ball

BMJ VOLUME 322 27 JANUARY 2000

Strength Consistency Specificity Temporality

Hills Criteria

Biological gradient Plausibility Coherence Experimental evidence Analogy

HILL, A.B., 1965. THE ENVIRONMENT AND DISEASE: ASSOCIATION OR CAUSATION? Proc. R. Soc. Med. 58, 295300.

Bibliografa recomendada
Texto Norman, G.R., Streiner, D.L., 1996. Bioestadistica. Mosby/Doyma Libros, Madrid. Artculos

Serie del Evidence Based Dentistry

Abt, E., 2010a. Understanding statistics 1. Evid Based Dent 11, 6061. Abt, E., 2010b. Understanding statistics 2. Evid Based Dent 11, 9394. Abt, E., 2010c. Understanding statistics 3. Evid Based Dent 11, 118. Abt, E., 2011a. Understanding statistics 5. Evid Based Dent 12, 5758. Abt, E., 2011b. Understanding statistics 4. Evid Based Dent 12, 2527. Abt, E., 2012. Understanding statistics 6. Evid Based Dent 13, 2931.

Serie del Canadian Medical Association J

Guyatt, G., Jaeschke, R., Heddle, N., Cook, D., Shannon, H., Walter, S., 1995b. Basic statistics for clinicians: 1. Hypothesis testing. CMAJ 152, 2732. Guyatt, G., Jaeschke, R., Heddle, N., Cook, D., Shannon, H., Walter, S., 1995a. Basic statistics for clinicians: 2. Interpreting study results: confidence intervals. CMAJ 152, 169173. Jaeschke, R., Guyatt, G., Shannon, H., Walter, S., Cook, D., Heddle, N., 1995. Basic statistics for clinicians: 3. Assessing the effects of treatment: measures of association. CMAJ 152, 351357. Guyatt, G., Walter, S., Shannon, H., Cook, D., Jaeschke, R., Heddle, N., 1995c. Basic statistics for clinicians: 4. Correlation and regression. CMAJ 152, 497504.