AREA AND PERIMETER

Area and Perimeter

T P OR PASS

www.mathletics.co.nz

This booklet shows how to calculate the area and perimeter of common plane shapes. Football fields use rectangles, circles, quadrants and minor segments with specific areas and perimeters to mark out the playing field.

Write down the name of another sport that uses a playing field or court and list all the plane shapes used to create them below (include a small sketch to help you out): Sport: Shapes list:

Use all four squares below to make two shapes in which the number of sides is also equal to four. Compare the distance around the outside of your two shapes. Write down what you discovered and whether or not it was different from what you expected.

Work through the book for a great way to do this

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Area using unit squares

Area and Perimeter

Area is just the amount of flat space a shape has inside its edges or boundaries. A unit square is a square with each side exactly one unit of measurement long.

1unit

Little dashes on each side mean they are all the same length.

Area (A) = 1 square unit = 1 unit2 (in shorter, units form) So the area of the shaded shape below is found by simply counting the number of unit squares that make it.
1unit

3 5 7

4 Area (A) = 10 square units 6 8 9 10 = 10 unit2

Here are some examples including halves and quarters of unit squares: Calculate the area of these shapes (i)
1unit

Area (A) = 2 whole square units + 2 half square units = 2 square units + 2 # 1 square units 2 = ^2 + 1h square units = 3 units2

When single units of measurement are given, they are used instead of the word units. (ii) Area (A) = 2 whole squares + 2 half squares + 2 quarter squares = 2 square cm + 2 # 1 square cm + 2 # 1 square cm 2 4 = ^2 + 1 + 0.5h square centimetres = 3.5 cm2

1cm

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Area using unit squares
1

Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

Calculate the area of all these shaded shapes:

a

1unit

1mm

Area =  =

whole squares units2

Area =  =
1unit

whole squares mm2

1m

Area =  = =
e

whole + m2 + m2
#

half squares 1 m2 2

Area =  = =
f

whole + units2 + units2

half squares
#

1 units2 2

1unit

1cm

Area =  = =

whole + units2 + units2

quarter squares Area = 

#

whole + cm2 + cm2

#

quarter squares 1 cm2 4

1 units2 4

= =

Area =  = =

whole + units2 + units2

half +
#

quarter squares
#

1unit

1 units2 + 2

1 units2 4

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Area using unit squares
2

Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

Calculate the area of these shaded shapes, using the correct short version for the units:
a

1cm

1unit

Area = 

Area = 

1mm 1m

Area = 

Area = 

1mm

1unit

Area = 

Area = 

1km
R E S * AR E A UA

UN ING IT SQ US

Area = 

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IN G US

UNI T

SQ

E S * AR E

1cm

Area = 

How does it work?

Area using unit squares
3

Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

Shade shapes on these square grids to match the area written in square brackets.
a

68 units2 @, using whole squares only.

1unit

65 units2 @, include half squares in your shape.

1unit

your shape.
1mm

63 mm2 @, include quarter squares in

64.5 cm2 @, include halves and quarters.

1cm

An artist has eight, 1m2, square-shaped panels which he can use to make a pattern. The rules for the design are: - the shape formed cannot have any gaps/holes. i.e. or
1m

- it must fit entirely inside the display panel shown, - all the eight panels must be used in each design. How many different designs can you come up with? Sketch the main shapes to help you remember your count.

Number of different designs you found  =

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Perimeter using unit squares

Area and Perimeter

The word perimeter is a combination of two Greek words peri (around) and meter (measure). So finding the perimeter (P) means measuring the distance around the outside!
Start/end of path around the outside 1unit

Perimeter (P) = 1 unit + 1 unit + 1 unit + 1 unit = 4 # 1 unit = 4 units

Remember, little dashes on each side mean they are all the same length.

These examples shows that we only count all the outside edges. Calculate the perimeter of these shapes formed using unit shapes (i)
2 units 1 unit 2 units Start/end of path around the outside 1 unit

Perimeter (P) = 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 units = 6 units

Sides of unit squares inside the shape not included

It does not matter where you start/finish, but it is usually easiest to start from one corner. (ii)
3 units 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit 1 unit Start/end of path around the outside 1 unit

Perimeter (P) = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 3 + 1 + 1 + 1 units = 10 units

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Area and Perimeter

S I NG U N I RU T TE

Perimeter using unit squares

1

SQ

UA

R E S * P E RI ME

TE

S ING U N I RU T

Calculate the perimeter of these shaded shapes:

a

1 unit

Perimeter =  = Perimeter = 
1 unit

+ units

units

+ units

units

=
c

Perimeter = 
1 unit

+ units

Write the length of the perimeter (P) for each of these shaded shapes:
a b c d

P =
3

units

P =

units

P =

units

P =

The shaded shapes in 2 all have the same area of 6 units2. Use your results in question 2 to help you explain briefly whether or not all shapes with the same area have the same perimeter.

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UA

RES * PERI ME

units

units

How does it work?

Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

Perimeter using unit squares

4 a

Draw six patterns on the grid below which: all have an area of 5units2 and, have a different perimeter from each other. All squares used for each pattern must share at least one common side
1unit

or corner point

1unit
b

Draw another five patterns on the grid below which: all have an area of 5units2 and, have a different perimeter than the shapes formed in part a . All squares used for each pattern must share at least half of a common side point
1unit

or a corner

1unit

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Area: Squares and rectangles

Area and Perimeter

A simple multiplication will let you calculate the area of squares and rectangles. For squares and rectangles, just multiply the length of the perpendicular sides (Length and width).
Length Length

Width

Square

Side (x)

Width

Rectangle

Side (y)

Side (x)

Side (x)

Area = length # width = Side ^ xh units # Side^ xh units = x # x units2 = x2 units2 Here are some examples involving numerical lengths: Calculate the area of these shaded shapes (i)

Area = length # width = Side ^ xh units # Side^ yh units = x # y units2 = xy units2

Area = length # width = 4 units # 4 units = 42 units2

4 units So why units squared for area? 4 units # 4 units = 4 # 4 units # units = 42 # units2 = 16 units2

= 16 units2 Area = length # width

1.5 mm

(ii)

= 6 mm # 1.5 mm = 9 mm2
Units of area match units of side length

6 mm

All measurements (or dimensions) must be written in the same units before calculating the area. (iii)
60 cm 2m

Area = length # width = 2 m # 60 cm = 200 cm # 60 cm = 12 000 cm2

Write both lengths using the same unit Units of area match units of side length

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Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

Area: Squares and rectangles

1

Calculate the area of these squares and rectangles, answering using the appropriate units.
a b

Area = 
length 2 units

units2
width

Area = 
length 0.6 m

m2
width

units2

m2

Area = 
length

units2
width

Area = 
length

mm2
width

3 units

=
2 units
2

units2
3.2 mm

5 mm

mm2

Calculate the area of these squares and rectangles. Round your answers to nearest whole square unit.
a b
AND RECTANGLES * AREA: SQUARES AND RECTANGLES

43 mm 1.4 km 7 cm

Area = 
length

km2
width

Area = 
length

cm2
width

= .
3

km2 km2 (to nearest whole km2)

= .

cm2 cm2 (to nearest whole cm2)

What is the length of this rectangle?

Area = 28units 4units

What are the dimensions of a square with an area of 121m2?

Psst: remember the opposite of squaring numbers is calculating the square root.

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* AREA: SQUARES

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Area: Triangles
Look at this triangle drawn inside a rectangle.

Area and Perimeter

Height (Length) Base (width)

The triangle is exactly half the size of the rectangle = half the area of the rectangle units2 ` Area of the triangle  = 1 of width (base (b) for a triangle) # Length (height (h) for a triangle) units2 2 = 1 # b # h units2 2 This rule works to find the area for all triangles! Here are some examples involving numerical dimensions: Calculate the area of the shaded triangles below (i)
4m 5m

Area = 1 2 =1 2

# base # height # 3m # 4m

Height = use the perpendicular height

6m

= 6 m2

The rule also works for this next triangle which is just the halves of two rectangles combined. (ii) Area = 1 2 4mm =1 2
5.4mm
# base # height # 5.4 mm # 4 mm

Here, we say the height is the perpendicular distance of the third vertex from the base.

= 10.8 mm2

For unusual triangles like this shaded one, we still multiply the base and the perpendicular height and halve it. (iii) Area = 1 # base # height 2 = 1 # 1.5 units # 2 units 2units 2
1.5units

= 1.5 units2

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Area: Triangles
1

Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

* A REA
:

IA N TR

G LE S * A R E A

IANGL TR

4 units

8 units

2 units

Area =  1 2

units2
height

Area =  1 2

units2
height

base

base

=
2

units2

units2

Calculate the area of these shaded triangles:

a b

14cm 12cm

8mm 12mm

Area =  =
c

mm2

Area =  =
d

cm2

mm2

cm2

7.5units

4.5m

10units

600cm
#

Remember: same units needed.

Area =  =

units2

Area =  =

m2

units2

m2

Area = 
4m 5m

m2

m2

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ES

*A

REA: TRIANG

LE

Calculate the area of the triangle that cuts these two shapes in half.

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Area: Parallelograms

Area and Perimeter

Parallelograms have opposite sides equal in length and parallel (always the same distance apart).
The shortest distance between a pair of parallel sides is called the perpendicular height

Perpendicular height (h)

We can make them look like a rectangle by cutting the triangle off one end and moving it to the other.

height

Parallelogram

move triangle cut off

Rectangle

` Area of a parallelogram  = Area of the rectangle formed after moving triangle = length # perpendicular height units2 = l # h units2 Calculate the area of these parallelograms (i)
20 mm 15 mm 30 mm

Area = length # height = 30 mm # 15 mm = 450 mm2

13 m 5m 5m 13 m 5m 12 m 12 m 13 m 13 m 12 m 5m 13 m 12 m 5m Parallelogram 12 m

A parallelogram can also be formed joining together two identical triangles. (ii) Find the area of the parallelogram formed using two of these right angled triangles:

Copy and flip both vertically and horizontally

5m Bring them together

Area = 2 # area of the triangle = 2# 1 2 = 60 m2

# 5 m # 12 m

Area = length # perpendicular height OR = 5 m # 12 m = 60 m2

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Area: Parallelogram
1

Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

RALLELO

M * A R EA : RA

PA
RALLELO

PA

Complete the area calculations for these parallelograms:

a b

10 units 4.5 mm

2.2cm 4.6 cm

3.9 cm

Area = 
length

# height

units2 units2

Area = 
length

# height

cm2 cm2

Calculate the area of the parallelograms formed using these triangles.

a b

10 m

26 m 24 m

2 mm

1.6 mm

1.2 mm

Area = 
3

m2

Area = 

mm2

Fill the grid below with as many different parallelograms as you can which have an area of 4 units2.
1unit 1unit

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M * A R EA :

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Area of composite shapes

Area and Perimeter

When common shapes are put together, the new shape made is called a composite shape.

Common shape (Rectangle)

Common shape = Composite shape (Isosceles triangle) (Rectangle + Isosceles triangle)

Composite just means it is made by putting together separate parts

Just calculate the area of each shape separately then add (or subtract) to find the total composite area. Calculate the area of these composite shapes (i) Split into a triangle
8 cm 10 cm
1

and a square
#

Area Area

1 2

 = 1 2

2cm # 8cm = 8cm2

 = 8cm # 8cm = 64cm2

1

2 1

8 cm

` Total area  = Area

+ Area

= 8cm2 + 64cm2
8 cm

Add area 1 and 2 for the composite area

2 cm

= 72cm2

This next one shows how you can use addition or subtraction to calculate the area of composite shapes. (ii)
8m 7m 3.5 m 4.5m 3.5m
1 2

3.5 m

method 1: Split into two rectangles Area Area

1 2

and

 = 4.5m # 3.5m = 15.75m2  = 3.5m # 7cm = 24.5m2

1 and area 2 together

` Total area  = 15.75m2 + 24.5m2 Add area = 40.25m2

7m 3.5 m
2

method 2: Large rectangle Area

4.5m
1 2

minus the small 'cut out' rectangle

 = 8m # 7m = 56m2  = 3.5m # 4.5m = 15.75m2

Subtract area 2 from area 1

8m

Area

7m

` Total area  = 56m2 - 15.75m2 = 40.25m2

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Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

Area of composite shapes

1

Complete the area calculations for these shaded shapes:

a

6mm 4mm

Area

 = =

mm # mm2
1

mm

Area

 = =

mm # mm2

mm

2mm

4mm

2 1

` Composite area =  =

mm2

mm2

11m 5m

Area

 = =

m2

Area

 = =

m2 m2

3m

6m

m2
1

11m 5m
2

` Composite area =  =

m2

3m

6m
c

m2

6.5cm 2cm

Area

 = =

cm2 Area cm2

1

 = =

cm2

2.5cm 6.5cm 2cm

cm2 cm2

` Composite area =  =

4cm

2.5cm

cm2

Area

 = =

m2

Area

 = =

m2 m2

5m 3m 2m
1 2

m2
1

` Composite area =  =

m2

5m 3m

m2

2m

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Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

SHAPES * AREA OF COMPOSITE SHAPES *

Area of composite shapes

2

Calculate the area of these composite shapes, showing all working:

a

13 cm

5 cm 12 cm
b

Area  =

psst: change all the units to metres first.

300cm

200cm 4.5m

Area  =

2 mm

Area  =

psst: this one needs three area calculations

6units

10 units

5 units

Area  =

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AREA OF COMPOSITE

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cm2

m2

mm2

units2

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Perimeter of simple shapes

Area and Perimeter

By adding together the lengths of each side, the perimeter of all common shapes can be found.
Start/finish Start/finish width (y units) side 2 (y units) side 3 (z units)

Square
side (x units)

Rectangle
length (x units)

Triangle

side 1 (x units) Start/finish

P = 4 # side length = 4 # x units = 4x units

P = width + length + width + length = ^ y + x + y + xh units = ^2 # xh + ^2 # yh units = 2x + 2y units

P = side 1 + side 2 + side 3 = x + y + z units

You can start/end at any vertex of the shape

Here are some examples involving numerical dimensions: Calculate the perimeter of these common shapes (i)
11 units 10 units 8 units 11 units Start/finish 10 units 8 units Sum of all the side lengths

Perimeter = 11 units + 8 units + 10 units = 29 units (ii)

Start/finish 2.3 cm 2.3 cm 2.3 cm 2.3 cm 2.3 cm Four lots of the same side length

Perimeter = 4 # 2.3 cm = 9.2 cm All measurements must be in the same units before calculating perimeter. (iii) The perimeter for parallelograms is done the same as for rectangles. Calculate this perimeter in mm.
15 mm 0.5 cm Start/finish 5 mm 15 mm 15 mm 5 mm All side lengths in mm

Perimeter = 2 # 15 mm + 2 # 5 mm = 30 mm + 10 mm = 40 mm

Opposite sides in pairs

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Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

PERIMETER

Perimeter of simple shapes

1

17 units 15 units 8 units

Perimeter =  = Perimeter =  2#
9mm

units + units mm + 2 # mm m m cm + cm

units +

mm

=
6mm
c

Perimeter =  =
5m

Perimeter =  2#
11cm

cm

=
5m
2

Calculate the perimeter of the shapes below, using the space to show all working:
a b

15m 5.8cm

Perimeter = 
c

cm
d

Perimeter = 

1.6mm 2.4mm

3m

5m 3.4m 1.6m 2.4m

Perimeter = 

mm

Perimeter = 

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SERIES

OF SIMPLE SHAPES *

Complete the perimeter calculations for these shapes:

units

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OF SIMPLE SHAPES *

PERIMETER

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Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

Perimeter of simple shapes

3

Find the perimeter of each shape written using the smaller units of measurement in each diagram.
a

in cm.
550 cm 600 cm 3m

in mm.
16.5cm 225mm

Perimeter = 
4

cm

Perimeter = 

mm

Each shape below has its perimeter written inside and is missing one of the side length values. Rule a straight line between each shape and the correct missing side length on the right to answer: How many straight sides does an icosagon have?
P =24m 5.2m 4.4m P=12m

8m

F d a E c

V N b L T
2.4m 3.5m 380 cm 440cm

P =32m 9m

W b m H E
6.5m

S v

2 m 7m

P =14m

T R c Y G

c d
650cm 1.1 m 6m 5m

N a v

P =18m

1.6m

P = 12m

a
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Perimeter of composite shapes

Area and Perimeter

The lengths of the unlabelled sides must be found in composite shapes before calculating their perimeter.
?m 2m 7m 3.5m ?m 3m Start/finish 3m 7m 3.5m (7 - 2)m = 5m (3 + 3.5)m = 6.5m 2m

` Perimeter = 7 m + 6.5 m + 2 m + 3.5 m + 5 m + 3 m = 27 m Here are some more examples. Calculate the perimeter of these composite shapes (i)
12cm 9cm 130mm 5cm

9cm 12cm 13cm Calculate each side length of the shape in the same units

9cm + 5cm = 14cm

` Perimeter = 9 cm + 13 cm + 14 cm + 12 cm = 48 cm (ii)
6m 3m 6m 6m You can also imagine the sides re-positioned to make the calculation easier
^6 m - 3 mh ' 2 = 1.5 m

3m

3m

1.5m + 1.5m = 3m

` Perimeter = 6 # 1.5 m + 3 m + 6 m = 18 m

` Perimeter = 2 # 6 m + 2 # 3 m = 18 m

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Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

Perimeter of composite shapes

1

Calculate the value of the sides labelled a and b in each of these composite shapes:
2cm a b 8cm

a = b =

cm cm

2.2mm 1mm

13m

3.4mm b 1.6mm

a = b =

mm mm

a 15m
d

5cm 4.8cm b

a = b =

m
14cm a

a =
8cm

cm cm

18m b

m
15cm

b =

Calculate the perimeter of these composite shapes:

a

Perimeter = 
9.8mm

cm
POSITE SH AP

E R I ME T *P E

POSITE SH COM AP OF E

=
am 2m 4m Be careful with the units for these next two

cm

= =

m+ m

1.2cm 20mm 16mm

Perimeter =  3# =

mm + mm

mm +

4.1cm

Perimeter =  =

# 4.1cm +

cm

cm

38mm

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ERIMET *P E

Perimeter =  2 # am + 2 #

C OM OF

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1 3

mm

Where does it work?

Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

Perimeter of composite shapes

3

Calculate the perimeter of these composite shapes in the units given in square brackets. Show all working.
a

6mm @

6m @

4mm

2.2m

Perimeter = 
c

mm
d

Perimeter = 
6km @ psst: 1km = 1000m
1.5km 1200m

6cm @

48mm

3.6cm

22mm

Perimeter = 
4

cm

Perimeter = 

km

Earn an awesome passport stamp for this one! The incomplete geometric path shown below is being constructed using a combination of 2m the following shaped pavers: 1m 2m 1m
1m 1.41m 1.41m 2m
SOM AWE SOM E A WES OME S E AWE

The gap in between each part of the spiral path is always 1m wide. Calculate what the total perimeter of this path will be when finished.
Completed path 1m 1m

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OME AW

AWE

Total perimeter of completed path  =

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AWE

ESO

ME

SOM

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Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

Perimeter of composite shapes

5

The four composite shapes below have been formed using five, unit squares.

Using your knowledge of perimeter and the grid below, combine all four pieces to create two different shapes so that: One shape has the smallest possible perimeter. The other has the largest possible perimeter. All shapes must be connected by at least one whole side of a unit square.
1unit

1unit
b

Briefly describe the strategy you used to achieve each outcome below: A shape with the smallest possible perimeter.

A shape with the largest possible perimeter.

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Area and Perimeter

Simple word problems involving area and perimeter

Sometimes we can only communicate ideas or problems through words. So it is important to be able to take written/spoken information and turn it into something useful. For example, Miguel wants to paint a square. He has just enough paint to create a line 240cm long. What is the longest length each side of the square can be if he wishes to use all of the paint? To use up all the paint, the total perimeter of the square must equal 240cm. So each side length = 240 cm ' 4 = 60 cm ` The longest length each side of the square painted by Miguel can be is 60cm. This is useful for Miguel to know because if he painted the first side too long, he would run out of paint! Here are some more examples (i) A rectangular park is four times longer than it is wide. If the park is 90m long, how much area does this park cover?
^90 ' 4h m = 22.5 m

Draw diagram to illustrate problem 90m

Area = length # width = 90 m # 22.5 m = 2025 m2 (ii) At a fun run, competitors run straight for 0.9km before turning left 90 degrees to run straight for a further 1.2 km. The course has one final corner which leads back to the start along a straight 1.5km long street. How many laps of this course do competitors complete if they run a total of 18km?
1.2km 1.5km 0.9km Start/finish Draw diagram to illustrate problem

Perimeter of course = 0.9 km + 1.2 km + 1.5 km = 3.6 km ` Length of each lap of the course is 3.6km ` Number of laps = 18 km ' 3.6 km =5 ` Competitors must complete 5 laps of the course to finish
Race distance divided by the length of each lap Perimeter will be the length of each lap

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Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

Simple word problems involving area and perimeter

1

Three equilateral triangles, each with sides of length 3cm have been placed together to make one closed four-sided shape. Each triangle shares at least one whole side with another. Calculate the perimeter of the shape formed.

Use all four squares below to make two shapes in which the number of sides is also equal to four. Compare the distance around the outside of your two shapes and explain what this shows us about the relationship between area and perimeter.

You have been employed by a fabric design company called Double Geometrics. Your first task as a pattern maker is to design the following using all seven identical squares: Closed shapes for a new pattern in which the value of their perimeter is twice the value of their area. Draw five possible different patterns that match this design request.

The base length of a right-angled triangle is one fifth of its height. If the base of this triangle is 4.2m, calculate the area of the triangle.

SIMPLE WORD PROBLEMS INVOLVING AREA AND PERIMETER

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Where does it work?

Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

Simple word problems involving area and perimeter

4

An architect is asked to design an art gallery building. One of the design rules is that the floor must be a rectangle shape with an area of 64m2.
a

If only whole metre measurements can be used, sketch all the different possible floor dimensions.

Another design rule is to try ensure a large perimeter so there is more space to hang paintings from. Use calculations to show which floor plan will have the largest perimeter.

Would the design with the largest possible perimeter be a good choice? Explain briefly why/why not.

A small art piece at the gallery has one side of an envelope completely covered in stamps like the one pictured below. How many of these stamps were needed to cover one side of an envelope 12.5cm wide and 24.5cm long if they all fit perfectly without any edges overlapping?
2.5cm 3.5cm

12.5cm

24.5cm

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Where does it work?

Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

Simple word problems involving area and perimeter

5

A fence used to close off a parallelogram-shaped area is being rearranged to create a square area with the same perimeter. The short side of the area is 34m long (half the length of the long side).
a

How long will each side of the new square area be after using the whole length of this fence?

34m
b

If the distance between the longer sides of the original area was 30m and the length did not change, use calculations to show which fencing arrangement surrounded the largest area.

A wall is created by stacking equal-sized rectangular bricks on top of each other as shown. The end of each rectangle sits exactly half-way along the long side of the rectangle underneath it. Each brick =
28cm 16cm

A 500mL tin of white paint has been purchased to paint the wall. The instructions on the paint tin say this is enough to cover an area of 11500cm2. Use calculations to show that there is enough paint in the tin to cover side of the wall.

If a beetle walked all around the outside of the wall (including along the ground), how many metres did it walk?

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What else can you do?

Rhombus and Kite shapes

Area and Perimeter

The area for both of these shapes can be calculated the same way using the length of their diagonals.
A B

A rhombus is like a square parallelogram. Area = ^diagonal lengths multiplied togetherh ' 2 = ^ AC # BDh ' 2 = 4 # AB

A Rhombus is a parallelogram, so we can also use the same rule to find the area: height length

Perimeter = 4 # length of one side

B

A kite has two pairs of equal sides which are adjacent (next to) each other.
A C

Area = ^diagonal lengths multiplied togetherh ' 2 = ^ AC # BDh ' 2 Perimeter = 2 # short side + 2 # long side

= 2 # AB + 2 # AD

Here are some examples: Calculate the area and perimeter of these shapes (i) For this rhombus, WY = 12cm and XZ = 16cm.
W X

Area = ^diagonal lengths multiplied togetherh ' 2 = ^12 cm # 16 cmh ' 2 = 96 cm2

10cm

Perimeter = 4 # length of sides = 4 # 10 cm = 40 cm

(ii) For the kite ABCD shown below, AC = 4.7m and BD = 2.1m.
1.5m A B 3.7m

Area = ^diagonal lengths multiplied togetherh ' 2 = ^2.1 m # 4.7 mh ' 2 = 4.935 m2

Perimeter = 2 # short side + 2 # long side = 2 # 1.5 m + 2 # 3.7 m = 10.4 m

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What else can you do?

Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

KITE SHAP E

R H O M B US

ND

Rhombus and Kite shapes

1

ND

PR = 18cm and QS = 52cm

Q

BD = 1.8mm and AC = 2.4mm

A B

41cm P S R 15cm

3.6mm

Area =  =

' cm2 +2# cm

cm2

Area =  = cm Perimeter =  =

1 mm2 2

'2 =# 1 2

mm2
#

Perimeter =  2# =
2

mm mm

Calculate the perimeter of these composite shapes:

a b

14m

6.5cm

3.4cm 9m 5.1cm

Perimeter = 
3

Perimeter = 

cm

Calculate the area of this composite shape, showing all working when:
J H I K

HL = 30m, IK = IM = 16m and JL = 21m

Area = 

m2

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R H O MB U S

Calculate the area and perimeter of these shapes:

20.... / . . . . . / .....

KITE SHAP

What else can you do?

Trapeziums

Area and Perimeter

A trapezium is a quadrilateral which has at least one pair of parallel sides. Squares, rectangles, parallelograms and rhombi are all just special types of trapeziums. So the area formula for a trapezium would also work on all of those shapes.
A a height (h) C b D B A height (h) C b D a B

Two common trapezium shapes In both shapes, the sides AB (a) and CD (b) are parallel (AB || CD) . The height is the perpendicular distance between the parallel sides. : Area = ^sum of the parallel sidesh # height ' 2 = ^ a + bh # h ' 2 : Perimeter = AB + BD + CD + AC Here are some examples: Calculate the area and perimeter of these shapes (i)
20mm

Area = ^sum of the parallel sidesh # height ' 2 = ^22 mm + 10 mmh # 16 mm ' 2 = 32 mm # 16 mm ' 2 = 256 mm2 Perimeter = 20 mm + 22 mm + 16 mm + 10 mm

10mm

22mm

16mm

= 68 mm Area = ^sum of the parallel sidesh # height ' 2 = ^6.7 m + 14.5 mh # 2 m ' 2 = 21.2 m # 2 m ' 2
14.5m

(ii)
2.9m

6.7m 2m 10.1m

= 21.2 m2 Perimeter = 6.7 m + 10.1 m + 14.5 m + 2.9 m = 34.2 m

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What else can you do?

Trapeziums
1

Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

U MS * T R ZI A
Z PE

IUMS * TR A

ZI U PE

MS * T R

Calculate the area and perimeter of these trapeziums:

a

1km 15km 9km 53km 41km

12.5m 1.8m 4.5m

8.2m

Area =  = Perimeter = 

' 2km2

Area =  =

' 2m2

km2 km

m2 m

Perimeter = 

Use the trapezium method to calculate the area of these composite plane shapes.
a

8cm 5cm 15cm

1mm

2.4mm

14.3mm

Area = 
3

cm2

Area = 

mm2

Use the trapezium method to calculate the area of this composite plane shapes.
16.7m 33.4m
1 2

170cm 240cm

Area = 

m2

Perimeter = 

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PE

UMS * TR A

What else can you do?

Area challenge

Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

Fill the grid below with as many different squares, triangles, rectangles, parallelograms, rhombi, kites and trapeziums as you can which all have the same area of 8 units2.
1unit 1unit

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What else can you do?

Reflection Time

Your Turn

Area and Perimeter

Reflecting on the work covered within this booklet: What useful skills have you gained by learning how to calculate the area and perimeter of plane shapes?

Write about one or two ways you think you could apply area and perimeter calculations to a real life situation.

If you discovered or learnt about any shortcuts to help with calculating area and perimeter or some other cool facts/conversions, jot them down here:

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Cheat Sheet

Area and Perimeter

Here is what you need to remember from this topic on Area and perimeter Area using unit squares Area is just the amount of flat space a shape has inside its edges or boundaries. A unit square is a square with each side exactly one unit of measurement long. Count the total number of whole squares, or fractions of squares to calculate the area.
Area (A) = 2units2

Perimeter using unit squares The perimeter with unit squares means count the number of edges around the outside of the shape.
Perimeter (P) = 6units

Area: Squares and rectangles Just multiply the length of the perpendicular sides (length and width).
length width Square side (x) width length Rectangle side (y)

side (x)

side (x)

Area = length # width = x2 units2 Area: Triangles

height height base

Area = length # width = xy units2

height base

base

` Area of the triangle  = (half the base multiplied by the perpendicular height) units2 = 1 # b # h units2 2 Area: Parallelograms
Perpendicular height (h) Length (l)

` Area of a parallelogram  = length # perpendicular height units2 = l # h units2

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Cheat Sheet
Area of composite shapes
1 2

Area and Perimeter

1 + 2

Area 1 (Rectangle)

Area 2 = (Isosceles triangle)

Composite Area = Area 1 + Area 2 (Rectangle + Isosceles triangle)

Perimeter of simple shapes Add together the lengths of every side which make the shape.
Start/finish Start/finish width (y units) side 2 (y units) side 3 (z units)

Square
side (x units)

Rectangle
length (x units)

Triangle

side 1 (x units) Start/finish

P = 4 # side length = 4x units

P = width + length + width + length = 2x + 2y units

P = side 1 + side 2 + side 3 = x + y + z units

Perimeter of composite shapes The lengths of all unlabelled sides must be found in composite shapes before calculating their perimeter. It is easier to add them together if the lengths are all in the same units.
?m 2m 7m 3.5m ?m 3m Start/finish 3m 7m 3.5m (7 - 2)m = 5m (3 + 3.5)m = 6.5m 2m

` Perimeter = 7 m + 6.5 m + 2 m + 3.5 m + 5 m + 3 m = 27 m Rhombus, Kites and Trapeziums

A B A B C A a B A a perpendicular height (h) D C Trapezium b D B

perpendicular height (h) D Rhombus C D Kite C b

Perimeter = 4 # AB
36

Area = ^ AC # BDh ' 2

Area = (AC # BD) ' 2 Perimeter = 2 # AB + 2 # AD

Area = (a + b) # h ' 2 Perimeter = AB + BD + CD + AC

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