KC TUITION: 012 3877 265

Chapter Three: Matter 1. States of matters can be categorized as: i) solid (iron block, stone, crystal) ii) liquid (petroleum, mercury, water) mercury (highest density liquid) iii) gas (air, bromine gas, oxygen) 2. Experiments that show solid, liquid & gas are matters: Solid Electro nic balance Water displace ment method Liquid Electronic balance Gas Fill gas into balloon & compare with an empty balloon Immerse an empty beaker into water

3.

Differences between solid, liquid & gas: Distance between particles Closely packed (Very small) Not closely packed as solid (small) Very far apart (Very big) Particle arrange ment Regular Random, clustered Random

Particles movement Vibrate or rotate about in fixed position Move randomly, constantly colliding each other Move freely at high speeds, constantly colliding each other

Solid Liquid

Mass

Gas

Volume

Measuring cylinder, beaker

4.

Experiments that show the arrangement of particles in solid, liquid & gas: Test Potassium permanganate crystal + Gel Result & Reason Gel turns purple after few days. There are spaces between the particles of the gel, allow particles of potassium permanganate to move between the gel particles The mixture is less than 100 ml The particles of water and alcohol fill the empty spaces within each other. Two jars are completely filled with bromine gas Gas particles in air are very far apart from one another. Allows bromine gas particles to spread throughout the air easily.

Solid Solid Fixed volume Fixed shape Can be compressed Can flow Liquid Shape: Liquid Gas

50 ml alcohol + 50 ml water

Gas

Gas jar with bromine + gas jar with air

Prepared By: K.C. Ngu

Form 1: Chapter 3 Week 11

KC TUITION: 012 3877 265

5.

Brownian movement:

Lets Test Yourself 3.2 1. a) Matter consists of particles in __________ and __________ motion. b) The particles of a __________ show limited movement. c) __________ and __________ can flow because the particles can move freely. d) The particles that move the fastest are those present in __________. e) The __________ of a gas follows that of the container that it fills. 2. Which of the following has/have particles that can only vibrate at room temperature? a) Copper sulphate solution ( ) b) Iron ( ) c) Bromine ( ) d) Ice ( ) e) Carbon dioxide ( ) f) Distilled water ( ) State the correct state of matter under the following diagrams.

6.

Random movement of particles Can be seen by viewing a smoke cell under a microscope Smoke cells move randomly when colliding with air particles Move in the Zig Zag motion

3.

Movement of particles in: Solid

Liquid

Gas

Prepared By: K.C. Ngu

Form 1: Chapter 3 Week 11