OBJECTIVE : Determining specific gravity of a soil sample for weight-volume relationship .

THEORY :The specific gravity ,Gs of a soil is the ratio between the unit masses of soil particles and water .Gs is useful for determining weight-volume relationships .

EQUIPMENT:The equipment for determination os specific gravity includes : 1.Volumetric flasks(100ml) 2.No.7 Sieve (2.36mm) 3.Rubber mortar and pastel 4.Vacuum pump 5.Distilled deaired water. 6.Thermometer PROCEDURE: 1)Prepare a dry and clean the Volumetric flask and measure its weight.(W1) 2)Take a sample between 100g-120g of air-dried soil and place it into a mortar.Use the pastel to break the soil grains into pieces small to be tested to go into the flasks. 3)Put the soil sample into 2.36mm sieve and the sample passing through the sieve is to be used for the test .The mass for the sample to be tasted must be between 5-10g. 4)Put some of the soil into the volumetric flask and measure the weight.(W2) 5)pour the distilled deaired water into the flask until all soil is soaked .Place the flask into the desiccator vacuum. 6)Reduce the air pressure to 2cm mercury .Be careful so that the soil-water mixture does not boil.Remove the vacuum after all the air in the mixture is released . 7)Fill up the flask with distilled water and then place into the vacuum . Repeat step no.6 8)Measure the weight of the flask (W3). 9)Empty the flask and fill up with distilled water . Place it into the dessicator vacuum and repeat step no.6 .For measure the weight of the flask with the distilled water .(W4)record the temperature of the water during the test. 10)Repeat the test to calculate additional values of Gs until the values of Gs are within 2% of each other.

COMPUTATION: Specific Gravity (Gs)Formula . Gs = W2-W1 / (w4-w1)-(W3-w2)

For the correction of calculation based on the water temperature , the value of Gs obtained must be multiplied with the coefficient of temperature .

TABLE 2 :Coefficient of Temperature Temperature 4 15 20 25 30 35 Coefficient 1.0000 0.9999 0.9982 0.9971 0.9957 0.9941

RESULT :

Test No. Mass of empty flask, W1(g) Mass of Flask + dry soil, W2 (g) Mass of Flask + soil + water , W3 (g) Mass of Flask + water , W4 (g) Specific Gravity, Gs

1 30

2 30

3 30

52

58

60

140

140

138

128

130

130

2.75 Average value of Gs 1.853 Coefficient of Temperature (a) Final Specific Gravity of soil, Gs

0.667

2.143

0.9925

0.9957

0.9925

DISSCUSSION As can be seen, the change due to the correction factor is minimal, due to the fact that _ is only one one-thousandth different from 1.000. But the factor is noted, as it did change the value slightly, and the values of Gs,_ are considered the more accurate value for this experiment. This brings us to the evaluation of the final answers. Since it is already known that one sample is sand, values from well-established tables can be used to compare with the calculations conducted here. Sand typically has a specific gravity of 2.65 to 2.67. The value found here is exactly where it is expected to be and it can be confirmed with much certainty that the sample produced at the beginning of the experiment was indeed some kind of sand. The specific gravity of Sample 1 ended up being 2.700.

CONCLUSION Based on the accuracy of the test with sand, it can be assumed that this value is also very accurate; it is most likely accurate enough to wager a guess as to what type of soil it is. Unfortunately, a specific gravity of 2.7 is the upper extent of silty sand and also the lower extend of inorganic clay. Having minimal experience in dealing with soils on a scientific level, I cannot confidently hypothesize as to which it is nor why. The color of the sample will probably make it easier to decide between the two, but as of now, my experience does not allow me to pick which type of soil it could be. Future tests on this sample will be done which will allow me to identify the soil. Fortunately, this experiment has narrowed the choices, assuming that there was as little error in this iteration of the experiment as there was with the sand.

REVIEW QUESTION : 1)Define Specific Gravity of soil . Answer: Specific gravity of soil is the ratio of weight , in air of a given volume , of dry soil solids to the weight of equal volume of water at 4c .

2)What are the typical values for the specific gravity for soils ? Answer:The value of the grain specific gravity ranges from 2.65 for sands, 2.70 for silts , to 2.90 for clays on the average .

3)Can you apply the technique described in this section to measure the specific gravity of material lighter than water ? Answer: Yes .

4)Why do we use vacuum while determining the specific gravity of soils ? Answer:to determine the specific gravity of soil by using pycometer . Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of unit volume of soil at stated temperature to the mass of the same volume of gas free distilled water at stated temperature.

5)What is the effect of water temperature on the determination of the specific gravity of soils ? Answer: the temperature increase .

DEPARTMENT PROGRAM COURSE CODE & NAME LECTURERS NAME ASSIGNMENT TITLE SECTION

CIVIL ENGINEERING DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING CC304 GEOTECHNICS 1 MDM. RENNY JOSEPH DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY DKA 3D

NAME (group c)

ASRIL.BIN.M.ARIF MAZRIN .BIN.MANGSURI HAMKA BIN MUSTAMIN

07DKA11F2177 07DKA11F2205 07DKA11F2215