A Report on:

Sustainable Vegetable Production and Market

Management in Baglung District, Nepal

Present Assessment and Future Plan

“Reality on the based of the ground”

Submitted to:
Chartare Youth Club (CYC)
cucbgl@wlink.com.np
Baglung

Sustainable Soil Management Program (SSMP/ Helvetas)

Submitted by:
Mr. Rishi Ram Kattel
Resource Person (RP)
rishikattel@gmail.com
rrkattel@yahoo.com

Survey Team:
Mr. Rishi Ram Kattel (Team Leader)
Mr. Bijaya Neupane (Co- TLRP)
Ms. Omkumari Sharma (CYC)
Ms. Pabi Bhandari(CYC)
Ms. Khem Kumari G. C. (CYC)
Mr. Sachhin Shrestha (CYC)

December 2006
Acknowledgement
The survey team wants to extend sincere gratitude to all persons who contributed to this
reporting basic information in many different ways: by sharing their experience, thoughts and
opinion about the SSM- Vegetable production and marketing, and contributing time, advice
and hospitality.
This tries to cover the existing situation and experience of sustainable vegetable production
and market management longitivity at Hatiya, Narethati and Dagathungdada VDCs of
Baglung District, where farmers have stated semi- commercial fresh vegetable production in
different season since one year. It is the glance of present reality and future comprehensive
package for finding the path of sustainability through participatory Impact Monitoring and
Situation Analysis, where farmers are facing much problems and opportunities strength due
to full knowledge of technical vegetable production on comparative based and marketing
information in time.

FIRST, I want to acknowledge the hard work that is being done by the multitude of active
community farmer groups under the SSMP/ CYC Program and their respective leaders,
mostly ordinary village women of different caste and ethnic background. Their strive for
improvements in the quality of life and agriculture promotion at the village level through
active participation and mutual understanding in joint social action and efforts deserves my
greatest respect.
Next, my particular thanks go to all SSMP/CYC join venture staffs Ms. Omkumari Sharma
and Pabi Bhandari, who excellently prepared the surveying/ data collection process and also
arranged our visits on the field sites. Their dedication, input and willingness to share about
critical issues were extremely valuable.
I am an also grateful thanks to express Mr. Chandi Sharma (CYC, Baglung, Chairperson) for
his coordination, valuable suggestion and guideline and Fine Company for the data collection
and ideas sharing.
Mr. Bijaya Neupane (Co-TLRP), whose role in surveying and helping in analysis process
were valuable as Resource Person and fine company for the surveying and data collection
during field visits. His observation during the field visits was extremely valuable sources of
information and demons treaded his intimate knowledge of the target mission.
Thanks go fur all the surveying teams (Mr. Sachhin Shrestha, Ms. Khema G. C. and other
colleagues), who directly and indirectly involved in surveying and data collection.
Last not least, my thanks go to all vegetable growers, retailers and hotel in Hatiya, Narethati
and Dagathungdada VDC, Baglung for providing and sharing valuable information in time.
Last, I believed that this report should help for preparation the better vegetable production
and marketing linkage, coordination by creating mutual understanding between traders and
producers and eventually active the goal of strengthening and managing better fresh
vegetable production and marketing system in target areas.

Pokhara, January 2007.

Mr. Rishi Ram Kattel and his colleagues.

rrkattel@yahoo.com, rishikattel@gmail.com
 Table of Contents:

N. Contents Page
Acknowledgement I
Contents II-III
List of Table IV
List of Figure V

1 INTRODUCTION 1-3
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Rationale of the Study 1-2
1.3 Objectives 2
1.4 Limitation of the Survey 3

2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4-7

2.1 Some Terminologies 4
2.2 Some Review on Relevant Issues 5-7

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 8-9

3.1 Location of the Study 8
3.2 Samples and Sampling Design 8
3.3 Source of Data Collection Method 9
3.4 Data Processing and Analysis 9

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 10-27

4.1 Site from Vegetable Production and Marketing 10
4.1.1 Total Vegetable Production /Supply in Survey Areas 10
4.1.2 Total Vegetable Demanded from Local Market (Hatiya, Narethati & 14
Dagathungdad Bazaars)
4.1.3 Comparative analysis of vegetable demand and supply in Baglung Bazaar 18
and its periphery (Kattel, 2005. Survey Report)
4.1.4 Vegetable Production Situation Analysis 19
4.1.4.1 Production Season of Vegetable in Survey Areas 19
4.1.4.2 Production Constraint of Vegetable in Farmers Level 19
4.1.4.3 Seasonal & Offseason Main Vegetable Verities introduction in Farms 20
4.1.4.4 PARTICIPATORY IMPACT MONITORING (PIM) & Situation 21
Analysis of Sustainable Vegetable Production and Market Management
through Groups Discussion
4.1.5 Market Site of Vegetable 24
4.1.5.1 Marketing Channel of Vegetable Survey Areas 24
4.1.5.2 Vegetable Market Route in Different Traders Level 25

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4.1.5.3 Price and Market Margin of Major Vegetable 26
4.1.5.4 Marketing Limitation of Vegetable in Retailers and Hotels (View 26
collection)
4.1.5.5 Marketing Function of Vegetable (In grading and Packaging scenario) 26
4.2 Socio- Economic Aspect of Vegetable Production and Marketing 27
4.2.1 Land Holding and Vegetable Production Areas 27
4.2.2 Gender Issue 27
4.2.3 Women Load Increment Aspect After Initiation of Vegetable production 27
and Marketing
4.2.4 Different Pesticide Application Practices in Survey Areas for Vegetable 27
Production

5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 28-32

5.1 Conclusions 28
5.2 Recommendations and Action Plan 29
Vegetable Production and market Management Sustainable Model 30
Break Even Point 31
Program “sustainable Model” 32

6 REFERENCES CITES 33
ANNEXES 34-35
Annex I: Name of Vegetable Producers, Address, Group and Land Holding 34
Annex II: Name of Vegetable Retailer in Selected Survey Areas. 35
Annex II: Name of Hotels/ Proponent in Selected Survey Areas. 35

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List of Table

Table No. Contents Page

Table 1 Total Annual Vegetable Production (in Kg) in Hatiya and 10
Narethati VDCs, Baglung

Table 2 Total Vegetable Production Supply in Dagathungdada VDC, Baglung 10

Table 3 Total Annual Vegetable Production and Market Supply in 11

Hatiya, Narethati and Dagathungdada VDCs, Baglung.

Table 4 Total Annual Vegetable Demanded by Retailers in Hatiya & 14

Narethati Bazaars.

Table 5 Total Annual Vegetable Demanded by Hotels in Hatiya Bazaar. 14

Table 6 Total Annual Vegetable Demanded by Retailers & Hotels in 15

Hatiya & Narethati Bazaar.

Table 7 Total Annual Vegetable Demanded by Retailers & Hotels in 15

Dagathungdada, Kharbang Bazaar

Table 8 Total Annual Vegetable Demanded by Retailers & Hotels in 15

Hatiya, Narethati & Dagathungdada, Kharbang Bazaars.

Table 9 Total Annual Vegetable Demanded by different traders and 18

Supply by Commercial Farmers in Baglung. 2004-2005 (Kattel,
2005. From survey report).

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List of Figure

Figure Contents Page

No.
Figure 1&2 Total Vegetable Production Supply in different months from Hatiya, 12-13
Narethati & Dagathungdada VDCs, Baglung District.

Figure 3 Total Different Vegetable Annually Supply from Farm Level. 13

Figure 4 Total annual vegetable demanded from retailers and hotels in Hatiya, 16
Narethati and Dagathungdada Bazaars.

Figure 5 Total annual vegetable demand and supply in Hatiya and Narethati. 16

Figure 6 Total annual vegetable demand by traders and supply by farmers in 17

Dagathungdada.

Figure 7 Total Annual Vegetable Demand and Supply from Traders & Farmers in 17
Hatiya, Narethati and Dagathungdada VDCs.

Figure 8 Total Annual Tomato Demand and Supply by Traders and Farmers in 18
Hatiya and Narethati VDCs.

Figure 9 Total Annual Vegetable Demanded and Supply in Baglung (Kattel, 19

2005)]
Figure Marketing Channel of Vegetable in Hatiya, Narethati & Dagathungdad 24
10 VDCs. (Selling Percentage of vegetable from farmers to different local
traders and consumers)

Figure Demand of Vegetable from different traders (Retailers and Hotels) in 25

11 Hatiya, Narethati & Dagathungdada, Kharbang Bazars, Baglung.

Figure Better Marketing Strategy and Action Plan of Vegetable for Survey 30
12 Areas.
Figure INPUT…. PROCESS…. RESULT OUTCOMES…IMPACTS of 31
13 Sustainable Vegetable Production and Cost benefit analysis in farmers’
site.
Figure Program “sustainable Model”. 32
14

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INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background:
As population and income of population has been increasing, the potential for growing
vegetable crops particularly for urban market have also been expanding. In order to serve
these expanding markets, we need to develop market- oriented production system approach
in these days. Marketing does not automatically adjust itself to increased production of
vegetable. It needs to be developed and planned to give benefits to producers and consumers
from the increased level of production.
Since long time back vegetable production and marketing has an indispensable part as an
important agriculture practices in both rural- urban linkage areas for contributing poverty
reduction and promotion of Income Generation Activities (IGAs).
Arguments regarding organic and modern vegetable production and marketing were begun in
Nepal in the 2020s BS at farmer’s level. At that time old aged farmers had the same view as
in of the elite organic agriculturist of today. However with the increasing wish of the younger
farmers, chemical fertilizers were introduced to the field. Vogues of chemical pesticides were
accelerated during 2040s with the introduction of Metacid, a contact pesticide. Most organic
products from the developing countries including Nepal are exported, mainly to the European
Union, the United States and Japan, while in developing countries domestic markets for
organic products are usually underdeveloped. This is due to a combination of factors like low
–income levels, a general perception that most agricultural produce is organic, low level of
organization of organic movements in the most developing countries like Nepal, and a lack
of information and awareness. A few efforts of the private sector to establish organic market
exist e.g. southern Brazil where local farmers markets are very well developed.
In addition, certain section of the society including the diplomats, tourists and affluent class,
who were aware of the harmful efforts of pesticides residues, had demand for produce free of
such efforts. Thus there was scope of creating domestic market as well as exploring the world
market “ Organic produce” has been identified, as potential export crop after Nepal become a
member of World Trade Organization (Panta, 2061).
Increasing attention is being given to market led agricultural development in recent years to
attain the critical needs of increased income and employment for the growing labor force.
Vegetables are major component of agriculture for uplifting farmers` income, but lack of
proper marketing information and seasonality of productions market margin/Price Spread is
high. Due to seasonal in nature, production is high during main season and the price is less at
this time.
Beside, knowledge of there production/marketing related issues are essential. Cost of
vegetable production considering seasons/ varieties, cost of marketing, market margins, post-
harvest losses are essential element to understand the system and to support the decision
making process.

1.2 Rationale of the Study:

In the present situation, study on the prevalence of economic analysis of organic and
inorganic tomato production and marketing is lacking which is hindering in building a rigid
Sustainable Vegetable promotion and marketing strengthening programmed. Lack of
complete data of all for comparative analysis and economically feasible methods of vegetable

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farming system during season and off- season in study areas. Although these dilemmas
persist in fresh vegetable, public awareness and a thorough knowledge regarding organic
production and market promotion and human beings could be the current approach to
promote local fresh vegetable as felt by the farmers, agriculturist and other workers.

I would like to present a concept of producing the vegetable by utilization of organic matter,
local resources and farming so that cost of fresh vegetable may be reduced through optimum
utilization local resources and develop export led policy to the long run market horizons to
the organic vegetable. This topic is equally important from the viewpoint of accession of
Nepal to WTO, which demands quality food articles for competition in the market. Basically
this research will account the comparison of production cost, market potentiality and present
production and market scenario of fresh vegetable. Besides, this study likes to look in the
comparative analysis of these two methods of farming in terms of health, sanitation, and
environmental hazards especially for production of local fresh vegetable.

1 Accurate statistics data of vegetable supply and marketing demand in local level is
not available in study areas.
2 Farmers have little knowledge of market- oriented vegetable production information,
cost- benefit analysis and marketing channel and function and other technical issues
like grading, packaging and price fixing.
3 Lack of strange mutual coordination among farmer-to-farmer, farmers to traders and
consumers for demanding and consuming local fresh vegetable.
4 Lack of any local level institution for promotion sustainable cum commercial
(longitivity) promotion and market management in study areas.

1.3 Objectives:
1 To find out the actual annual vegetable market supply, price of product, season of
production and constraints of vegetable production in study areas.
2 To find out actual vegetable demanded by traders and hotels and market deficit,
constraints of vegetable marketing in study areas of Narethati, Hatiya and
Dagathungdada Bazaar.
3 To observe and identify market channel, marketing system, market function and
marketing policy in study areas.
4 To analysis vegetable production and marketing’s different issues like socio-
economical, cultural, gender and political situation in grass root level and identify
group level SWOT in production and marketing.
5 To prepare and recommend strategic planning and future action plan for better
vegetable production and marketing through local level initiative by
decentralization and dispersion approaches.

1.4 Limits of the Survey:

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 This study report shows the sustainable vegetable production and marketing in three
VDCs of Baglung District. Very little secondary information was available relevant to
this study. This is perhaps because these had not been much study on this issue in the past
in Nepal. Some others limitations are:
1 Limited time,
2 Risk and uncertainty in socio-technical survey.
3 Lack of adequate information from producers and traders site of vegetable
production and marketing. (The study team were not fund expected data of commercial vegetable
production and marketing due to initial stage of fresh vegetable production in survey areas)
4 Lack of annually data based marketing supply of fresh vegetable records book in
farmers level.
5 Very scatter and remote areas of the study sites.

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 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Some Terminologies:
Market: According to HMG/N (1999), Market covers selling and buying areas, product
consumption areas, and state of competition and price.

Marketing: “Marketing as the performance of all business activities involved in the flow
of products and services from the point of initial agricultural production until they are in
the hands of consumers”(Kohls and Uhl, 1985). Though, marketing may be brought of as
the connecting link-the bridge- between specialized producers and consumers.

Agriculture Marketing: Agriculture marketing comprises of all the activities from

production to consumption such as harvesting, grading, packaging, storing, price fixation,
selling and buying. It also covers marketing cost, organizational structure, rules and
regulation, market competition. (HMG/N, 1999)

Agricultural Marketing System: In marketing system, producer farmers, traders,

transporters, wholesalers, retailers, consumers are the main actors involved in carryout
different activities. (HMG/N, 1999)

Marketing Channel: Marketing channel refers to an inter-organizational system made

up of a set of interdependent institutions and agencies involved in the task of moving
products from their point of production to the point of consumption. (Piadozo, 1987) A
marketing Channel performs the work of moving goods from producers to consumers.

Marketing Information: Marketing information covers every thing that is related to

market. However three major types of information on price, acreage planted and
marketed surplus of agricultural commodities. (FAO, 1998) Agricultural Marketing
Information System (AMIS) may be defined as the methods and procedures in which
information is desired forms is made available to different target groups on time to assist
them to take appropriate decisions at the appropriate time. These information aid farmers,
traders, I/N/GOs, and consumers to reform their activities effectively and leading to
proper allocation of resources through increasing competition in the markets. The
objective of the market information service is to facilitate the decision-making by
farmers, traders, consumers and government policy makers and planners.
Marketing System: HMG/Winrock International (1993) reported that, traders have a
good and well established market intelligence system but farmers have no access to this
information. When supply declines, farm prices do not increase, whereas an increase in
supply leads to an immediate downward movement in prices. Nepal Government has
given more emphasis in retailer price collection whereas one can observe absence of
priority given to producer’s prices or prices received by farmers (HMG/N, 1998)

2.2 Some Review on Relevant Issues

In the past decades, Green Revolution has brought some significant changes in the
world’s food production systems. With the use of modern science and technology, Green
Revolution has contributed a lot in those initial periods. Food production and productivity

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 has increased, income from agriculture has risen and employment opportunities have
been diversified in the both developed and developing countries. However, the green
revolution has also brought several limitations. It has had less impact on resources poor
farmers, caused natural resource degradation and created several environmental
problems. It has shown localized impact (only on high resource use areas) and has shown
of diminishing returns. This has helped to widen the gap between rich and poor and has
greatly contributed to food insecure for most of the poor, although the statistic has shown
the food security status of many developing countries has increased over all.
In the recent years, the increasing trend of using arable lands as ghaderi (for housing) has
affected the total cultivated areas, mostly the cereal crops increasing rice. With
government’s intervention in inputs supply and higher demand of vegetables in the
market, there has been increasing trend of shifting from traditional subsistence farming to
more commercial farming and switching towards high value crops such as off season
vegetable and potatoes. Many commercial vegetable pockets have developed so far. The
area under cereal crops thus has been decreasing while the area under vegetable
cultivation and potato is increasing.

In recent years, competition with southern Europe (especially Spain) has become intense,
resulting in a serious crisis in the greenhouse tomato production sector in Belgium. This
paper evaluates different strategies that Belgian growers can adopt in order to improve
their competitive position. Three basic strategies for acquiring competitive advantage are
considered: a cost advantage strategy, a differentiation strategy and a focus strategy. An
analysis of farm accounting data shows that the success of Belgian greenhouse tomato
production during the 1980s was determined by an important increase in production per
superscripts, resulting in decreasing costs per kg of tomatoes. However in the future the
effect of further increases in productivity will become less important. As a consequence,
particular emphasis must be placed on quality and differentiation strategies. This implies
the setting up of integrated quality management systems (Taragola and Van-Lierde,
2000.)
Nowadays, large volumes of tomato are supplied during the winter season. But
production decisions have not been sustainable with data on market situation, leading to
over- population followed by physical and economical losses. A year of higher supply
(and low prices) generally is followed by a year of lower supply (and higher prices). This
situation can be resolved with adequate technical assistance incorporating marketing
activities aiming at market-oriented production. For this, prices information alone is not
sufficient. The sensitivity of prices to volumes should be used to orientate to work out
how much to supply to the daily (or weekly with certain produce). This orientation,
putting together demand, production forecasts and price information is the way to lead a
consistent market transparency (Wener, 1998).

Off-season fresh tomato is one of the important cash generating vegetable crops for small
farmers of the hills and Terai. The cultivars of normal season are available for the
producing fresh tomato from December to May. However, variety suitable for June to
November production is lacking both for Terai and Hill regions. The major constraints of
production during this period are heavy rain and temperature (NARC, 1999)

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 Mathema (1998) reported that in case of vegetable farmers they need current information
on daily price movement in various markets, trend of market arrivals by major sources as
compared to the government policy markets who need historical market information in
the monthly or quarterly basis for price or establishment measures.

The study of “Commercial Vegetable Production and Marketing in Sindhupalchowk

District”- Present Reality and Future Strategies, showed that at present vegetable
marketing participants were confronted with problems of adequacy, relevancy, and
effectiveness of marketing information. It showed average vegetable production in
different sampling areas was deferred. In Sindhupalchowk district average each vegetable
production was 7.7 quintals (variation from 6.97 to 9.27 quintals). The total production
from selected areas excluding DADO pocket areas was 2438.59 Mt annually from
producer level but solely 2266.75 Mt demanded by retailers and 331.2 Mt demanded
from hotels. So that solely Sindhupalchowk district farmers produced vegetable were not
supply in retailers and hotels of their near market nodes. Thought, farmers selected good
wholesalers for supply their products in Banepa, Kunta (Kavre district) and Dolalghat,
where 20437.85 Mt vegetables demanded annually. Total vegetable demanded from trade
level was 23035.8 Mt. Thus, producers should be selected different market nodes of
vegetable form reliable price margin along with no risk and uncertainty by gaining full
knowledge of vegetable marketing system in different market nodes. Survey study
showed that the average cost of each vegetable crop production was Rs. 1735.5 per
Ropani in Sindhupalchowk district, among with cost of production was higher in case of
Potato and Hot Chily due to requirement of heavy labor force and high cost of seed
Minikit in market. Marketing system of vegetable in Sindhupalchowk showed very poor,
farmers have only few knowledge about vegetable marketing channel, market
information, different market nodes and production of market demanded led vegetable.
Vegetable producers, wholesalers, retailers and few middlemen were involved in
marketing channel in marketing channel of vegetable. Farmers gated low price per unit
product in season due to competition between different key stakeholders and producers.
In Sindhupalchowk district, all wholesalers were bought vegetable only from farmers
(100%) but retailers and middlemen brought vegetable 23% and 33.80% respectively
from producers directly. Vegetable Market Margin was very high in Sindhupalchowk,
among differences vegetable; perishables vegetable like sweet chilly, tomato and
cauliflower have high market margin than other. Farmers have no full knowledge about
vegetable marketing functions, 69.33% farmers have no knowledge about vegetable size
grading and other marketing function. In case of socio-m economic aspects, farmer has
24.06 Ropani cultivated land but thy produced vegetable only 4.77 Ropani. This study
also showed that, solely 5.13% of women participated in vegetable marketing and income
sharing activities in Sindhupalchowk district. For effective vegetable marketing ;organic
production, production calendar in pocket package based areas, establishment of
collection center, production and supply of vegetable through participatory approaches in
farmers level and different vegetable production and marketing committee should be
formulated for promoting local as well as regional vegetable market nodes. (Kattel, 2004)

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 Commercial Vegetable Production and Market Management in Baglung District,
September 2005:
The total annual vegetable production supply was 13905.12 Qt in each year from 294
commercial vegetable producers. Average vegetable supply in market from framer was
1.85 Qt. annually in where total vegetable production and supply in market is high in
Ashad, which is 2038.32 Qt. And low amount of vegetable supply in market from farm
level was 517.55 Qt. High amount of vegetable production and supply in Baglung district
from farmer is Tomato, Cauliflower and Cabbage respectively. (From Binhu, Tityang,
Malika, Bhakunde VDCs and Baglung Munivipality-5 & 10 as well as Phoshre). Total
Vegetable demanded by wholesalers, retailers and hotels of Baglung Bazaar was
27788.20 Qt annually.
About 49.97% vegetable was supplied from outside like Pokhara, Chitwan, Dhading and
Kathmandu in Baglung Bazar. So, farmers have high opportunities for commercial
vegetable production and supply in local market nodes by applying production calendar
and regular supply of vegetable in market. (Kattel, 2005)

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 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Location of the Study:

The study was carried out in the three VDCs of Baglung district where farmers are
involved in Sustainable and Semi-commercial vegetable production since one year in
direct supervision of CYC, Baglung focusing Sustainable Soil Management Program
(SSM-P). The study was carried out in Hatiya, Narethati and Dagathungdada VDCs of
Baglung, where 200 farmers are jointed in 10 groups. Out of total 125 farmers stated
semi-commercial market supply vegetable production by utilizing niche based
potentiality and comparative advantage of vegetable pocket production.
Vegetable marketing survey also was carried out in Hatiya, Narethati Bazaar and
Dagathungdada Kharbang Bazaar from local level Retailers and Hotels.

3.2 Sample and Sampling Design:

The sample selected in the study areas was categorized of the vegetable growers from
Purposive Random Sampling from 125 semi- commercial sustainable vegetable growers
in 10 groups in different location.

Vegetable Producers/ Farmers Level:

In Hatiya and Narethati VDCs, out of total 140 farmers in 7 groups 100 farmers are
actively initiated sustainable market supply vegetable production and other are just start
to grown vegetable just for domestic need. So, out of 100 vegetable producers, 25
farmers were selected randomly for questionnaire survey and 4 groups members were
actively participated in Participatory Impact Monitoring (PIM) and Situation Analysis
through group discussion and SWOT analysis.

In Dagathungdada VDC, out of total 60 farmers in 3 groups 25 farmers are actively

initiated sustainable vegetable production and within total 50 farmers are grown Ginger
Cash Crop semi-commercially. So out of 60 vegetable producers, 11 farmers were
selected randomly for questionnaire survey and 3 group members were involved actively
in PIM & Situation Analysis through group discussion and SWOT analysis.
So, in out of total 125 vegetable growers, total 36 farmers (28.8%) were involved in
questionnaire survey and 7 groups in PIM.

Market Level (Retailers and Hotels):

Hatiya and Narethati Bazaars:
14 retailers were found for vegetable selling, out of them 4 vegetable retailers sample
were selected randomly. Purposively 13 regular basic hotels were found in Hatiya, out of
them 5 samples (Hotels) were selected randomly for data collection and surveying.

Dagathungdada, Kharbang Bazaar:

4 retailers were regularly supply the vegetable to the consumers, 100% (4 samples) were
selected in data collection. 7 hotels were found, out of them 3 samples were selected
purposive randomly.

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 So, In Hatiya, Narethati and Kharbang Bazaars, 18 vegetable retailers and 20commercial
Hotels were found, out of them 8 retailers and 8 hotels were selected in surveying and
data collection.

Sustainable Areas Total Vegetable Sample Size

Vegetable Growers
Producing Farmers Hatiya VDC 95 (in 5 Groups) 23
Narethati VDC 5 (in 2 Groups) 2
Dagathungdada 25-50 (in 3 Groups) 11
VDC
Total 125-150 36

Vegetable Retailers Areas Total Retailers Sample Size

Hatiya and Narethati 14 4
Bazaars
Dagathungdada, 4 4
Kharbang Bazaar
Total 18 8

Hotels Areas Total no. of Hotels Sample Size

Hatiya and Narethati 13 5
Bazaars
Dagathungdada, 7 3
Kharbang Bazaar
Total 20 8

3.3 Source of Data Collection Method:

At processes in this study was participatory approach. In the study, primary data were
used and some secondary data were included from different references. The primary
sources of data were sustainable vegetable grower farmers, retailers and hotels. Primary
information were gathering through following techniques and approaches:
1 Personal Interview through Questionnaire technique.
2 Participatory Impact Monitoring (PIM) and Situation Analysis
• Group Discussion on; Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT)
analysis in vegetable production and market management issues.
• Micro- Analysis in Socio-economical, Gender, Cultural and Political Issues on
vegetable production, marketing and group unity approaches.

3.4 Data Processing and Analysis:

After collection of the data, different statistical tools were used for the data processing
and analysis:
• Purposive Sample Analysis (PSA)
• Computer tools like Ms-Word, Excel, and Systematic Sampling Data Analysis
(SSDA) and SPSS.

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 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Site from Vegetable Production and Marketing:
4.1.1 Total Vegetable Production /Supply in Survey Areas
Table 1: Total Annual Vegetable Production (in Kg) in Hatiya and Narethati VDCs, Baglung
Months of Vegetable Production in Hatiya and Narethati VDCs (in Kg)
Vegetable Baishakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashwin Kartik Mangshir Paush Magh Falgun Chaitra Total
Tomato 247 1392 988 2123 2406 2470 2492 575 892 595 157.5 238.3 14576
Cauliflower 660 460 40 80 300 3700 5376 1532 240 880 840 14108
Cabbage 1760 1000 280 200 360 1760 2880 1580 1080 880 800 12580
Radish 140 1020 2220 1220 220 1260 1120 940 480 440 80 9140
Potato 700 1600 1460 2920 6600 2000 9520 4360 29160
Bean 460 1480 600 300 40 68 744 376 4068
Onion 240 5020 4184 20 80 9544
Garlic 80 480 120 40 720
Ginger 128 600 40 768
Bitter gourd 40 320
960 672 448 240 200 2880
Sponge 400 600 120 1120
Brinjal 160 120 280
Cucumber 600 360 460 252 460 200 40 2,372
BLM 80 180 480 600 480 1820
Pea 400 400
Hot chilli 100 150 75 40 100 95 80 640
Daniya 24 24 24 28 28 88 88 80 80 464
Carrot 50 148 520 20 20 20 20 798
Taula 160 120 1000 1200 800 3280
Total 5079 13576 12126 5550 3802 4476 11112 15142 12204 5415 13098 7138 108718

Table 2: Total Vegetable production supply in Dagathungdada VDC, Baglung

Months of Vegetable Production (in Kg) in Dagathungdada VDC.
Vegetable Baishakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashwin Kartik Mangshir Paush Magh Falgun Chaitra Total
Tomato 200 600 120 920
Cauli 120 120 240
Cabba 120 360 480
Radish 320 120 360 40 120 960
Potato 80 1600 860 1200 3740
Bean 280 280
Onion 100 200 100 400
Garlic 440 12 8 120 580
Ginger 2850 1200 1122 5172
Sponge 200 200 400
Cucumber 40 40
BLM 80 80 120 160 440
Pea 240 240
Hot chilli 40 40 220 240 220 220 48 12 8 8 1056
Carrot 200 200
Total 1020 480 1640 40 1100 840 992 3958 1408 1134 868 1668 15148

11Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 11

 In Hatiya and Narethati VDCs, total vegetable supply in market from farmers is 108718 kg
(1087.18 Qt.) annually. High production of vegetable is Potato, Tomato, Cauliflower and
Cabbage respectively. Mangshir, Jestha, Falgun, Paush and Ashad are the high vegetable
production and market supply months in these areas.
In Dagathundada VDC, total annual vegetable production and market supply by farmers is
only 15148 Kg (151.48 Qt.) and maximum vegetable supply months are Mangshir, Ashad
and Poush. High amount of vegetable production are Ginger, Potato and Hot Chilli
respectively
Note: Qt. = Quintal, 1 Qt. = 100 Kg)

Table 3: Total Annual Vegetable Production and Market Supply in Hatiya, Narethati and
Dagathungdada VDCs, Baglung.
Months of vegetable production( in Kg) in Hatiya and Narethati and Dagatungdada
Vegetable Baishakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashwin Kartik Mangshir Paush Magh Falgun Chaitra Total
Tomato 447 1392 988 2123 3006 2470 2492 575 892 595 157.5 358.33 15496
Cauli 660 460 40 80 300 3820 5376 1652 240 880 840 14348
Cabbage 1760 1000 280 200 360 1880 3240 1580 1080 880 800 13060
Radish 140 1020 2220 1220 540 1380 1480 980 480 440 200 10100
Potato 700 1680 3060 2920 6600 2000 10380 5560 32900
Bean 460 1480 600 300 40 68 1024 376 4348
Onion 340 5220 4184 20 80 100 9944
Garlic 520 480 120 12 48 120 1300
Ginger 128 3450 1240 1122 5940
Bitter Gu 40 320 960 672 448 240 200 2880
Sponge 400 600 320 200 1520
Brinjal 160 120 280
Cucumber 640 360 460 252 460 200 40 2,412
BLM 80 260 560 720 640 2260
Pea 240 400 640
Hot chilli 100 190 115 260 240 320 315 128 12 8 8 1696
Daniya 24 24 24 28 28 88 88 80 80 464
Carrot 200 50 148 520 20 20 20 20 998
Taula 160 120 1000 1200 800 3280
Total 6099 14056 13766 5590 4902 5316 12104 19100 13612 6549 13966 8806.3 123866

In the selected survey areas` of Hatiya, Narethati and Dagathungdada VDCs, Baglung, total
vegetable production market supply in local market nodes is 123866 Kg (1238.66 Qt.)
annually by the total 125 vegetable growers. In where total vegetable supply in market is
high during Mangshir, Jestha, Falgun and Ashad respectively and low vwgetable supply in
market by local farmer in Bhadra, Ashwin and Sharwan respectively. High amount of
vegetable annually supply in market by local farmers are Potato, Tomato, Cauliflower and
Cabbage respectively. But Hot Chilli is very little production in these areas in all month of
year. So Cot Chilli production incensement potentiality in these areas at future and local
market supply.

12Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 12

 Total Vegetable Production Supply from Hatiya, Narethati &
Dagathungdada VDCs, Baglung.

1350
1300
1250
1200
1150
Quantity of Vegetable Supply in Quintal (1 Qt.= 100 Kg.)

1100
1050
1000
950
900
850
800
750
700 Total Vegetable Production Supply
650 in Hatiya & Narethati VDCs.
600
550 Total Vegetable Production Supply
500 in Dagathungdada VDC.

450
400 Total Vegetable Supply in Hatiya,
Narethati & Dagathungdada VDCs.
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
r
Bh n

As a
in
Sh ad

C n
a

l
ha
h

M rtik

ta
hi
a

u
r

itr
us

ag
k

hw
ad

To
ha

gs

lg
h
st

Ka

ha
Pa
As

M
ra

Fa
Je

an
is
Ba

Month of Vegetable Supply by Farmers in

Markets.

Figure 1:

13Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 13

 Total Vegetable Production in three VDCs

1350
1300
1250
Quantity of production supply in Quintal.

1200
1150
1100
1050
1000 Vegetable Production
950 Supply fromHatiya &
900
850 Narethati VDCs.
800
750
700
650 Vegetable Production
600 Supply in Dagathungdada
550
500 VDC.
450
400
350
300 Total Vegetable Supply
250 fromthree VDCin different
200
150 months.
100
50
0
Bh an

Fa h
As ra

Ka n

C n
a
Sh ad

l
Je kh

As a

M rtik

ta
Pa i

ag
i

u
itr
us
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hw
ad

To
ha

gs

lg
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st

ha
M
ra

an
is
Ba

Month of production supply

Figure 2:
Figure 1 & 2: Total Vegetable Production Supply in different months from Hatiya,
Narethati & Dagathungdada VDCs, Baglung District.
Total Annual Vegetable Supply from Farm Level ( Hatiya, Narethati & Dagathungdada VDCs, Baglung).
Annual Quntity Supply

350
300
in Quintal.

250 Type of vegetable and its total

200
150
annual supply from farmers
100
50
0
to
o

an

la
n

a
h

rd

illi
c

t
ge

r
er

ja

ro
ge

be
li

iy
at

Pe
o

go
is

u
ta

BL
u

ch
w

ar

in
Be

ni
ba

ar
an
ad

Ta
m

in

go

um
Po
lo

Br
G
O

ge

C
To

ot
ab

D
R
lif

uc
on

H
au

tte
C

C
Sp
Bi
C

Types of Vegetable.

Figure 3: Total Different Vegetable Annually Supply from Farm Level.

14Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 14

4.1.2 Total Vegetable Demanded from Local Market (Hatiya, Narethati & Dagathungdad
Bazaars)

Table 4: Total Annual Vegetable Demanded by Retailers in Hatiya & Narethati Bazaars.
Months of vegetable demanded (in Kg) from Retailers in Hatiya and Narethati
Vegetable Baishakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashwin Kartik Mangshir Paush Magh Falgun Chaitra Total
Tomato 2200 2000 1200 1300 2000 2300 2200 2300 2000 1500 1500 1500 22000
Cauliflower 1313 1313 1000 100 1000 3000 3000 4000 2000 1500 1000 1000 20226
Cabbage 750 1000 1500 2500 2000 1500 2000 2000 13250
Radish 445 210 210 420 420 500 700 2905
Potato 3300 2500 2000 3133 1333 2000 2000 4000 4000 5000 3000 3000 35266
Bean 1050 1050 1050 1050 4200
Onion 300 300 450 450 450 350 200 200 200 200 200 200 3500
Garlic 150 200 200 150 300 300 150 450 150 100 100 150 2400
Ginger 215 215 283 200 200 210 200 400 100 100 100 100 2323
Hot chilli 300 300 250 250 300 250 300 300 300 300 150 150 3150
Total 8973 8088 6643 6633 6633 9410 9970 14570 11250 10200 8050 8800 109220

Table 5: Total Annual Vegetable Demanded by Hotels in Hatiya Bazaar.

Months of vegetable demanded( in Kg) from Hotels(Hatiya)
Vegetable Baishakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashwin Kartik Mangshir Paush Magh Falgun Chaitra Total
Tomato 810 810 800 600 600 810 810 700 600 800 710 710 8760
Cauliflower 250 250 250 350 600 600 350 250 250 200 3350
Cabbage 900 950 600 500 400 500 1000 800 600 600 600 7450
Radish 250 360 360 360 200 360 360 360 360 360 360 250 3940
Potato 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 7200
Bean 360 360 360 200 200 360 300 360 200 200 250 250 3400
Onion 600 600 600 600 800 800 600 600 600 600 600 400 7400
Garlic 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1200
Bitter gourd 100 100 200 200 100 100 200 300 300 1600
Sponge 300 300 300 900
Brinjal 300 300 350 350 1,300
Cucumber 600 400 400 400 300 200 250 250 2,800
BLM 100 150 300 500 200 1250
Hot chilli 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 100 100 120 120 1400
Daniya 60 60 60 60 70 70 60 60 60 60 70 70 760
Carrot 150 200 200 200 750
5050 5010 4600 4190 4090 4770 4450 4700 3770 4070 4560 4200 53460

15Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 15

 Table 6: Total Annual Vegetable Demanded by Retailers & Hotels in Hatiya & Narethati Bazaar.
Months of vegetable demanded( in Quintal) from Hotel and retailer in Hatiya Neratati
Vegetable Baishakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashwin Kartik Mangshir Paush Magh Falgun Chaitra Total
Tomato 30.1 28.1 20 19 26 31.1 30.1 30 26 23 22.1 22.1 307.6
Cauliflower 15.63 15.63 10 1 12.5 33.5 36 46 23.5 17.5 12.5 12 235.76
Cabbage 16.5 9.5 6 5 14 20 35 28 21 26 26 207
Radish 6.95 5.7 5.7 3.6 2 3.6 7.8 7.8 8.6 3.6 3.6 9.5 68.45
Potato 39 31 26 37.33 19.33 26 26 46 46 56 36 36 424.66
Bean 3.6 14.1 14.1 12.5 12.5 3.6 3 3.6 2 2 2.5 2.5 76
Onion 9 9 10.5 10.5 12.5 11.5 8 8 8 8 8 6 109
Garlic 2.5 3 3 2.5 4 4 2.5 5.5 2.5 2 2 2.5 36
Ginger 2.15 2.15 2.83 2 2 2.1 2 4 1 1 1 1 23.23
BLM/dani 1 1.5 3 5 2 12.5
Hot chilli 4.2 4.2 3.7 3.7 4.2 3.7 4.2 4.2 4 4 2.7 2.7 45.5
Carrot 1.5 2 2 2 7.5
Bitter 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 3 3 16
Sponge 3 3 3 9
Bringle 3 3 3.5 3.5 13
Cucumber 6 4 4 4 3 2 2.5 2.5 28
Dhaniya 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 7.6
140.2 131 112.4 108.2 107.2 141.8 144.2 192.7 150.2 142.7 126.1 130 1626.8

Table 7: Total Annual Vegetable Demanded by Retailers & Hotels in Dagathungdada, Kharbang Bazaar.
Months of vegetable demanded( in Kg) from Retailers and Hotel(Dagatungdada )
Vegetable Baishakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashwin Kartik Mangshir Paush Magh Falgun Chaitra Total
Tomato 500 680 300 450 350 350 380 380 380 250 250 250 4520
Cauliflower 412 360 100 100 200 200 400 340 490 216 216 216 3250
Cabbage 200 200 90 90 110 250 560 550 550 550 550 550 4250
Radish 266 266 212 212 212 200 260 260 350 359 250 250 3097
Potato 270 270 4270 70 70 150 4150 2150 80 80 180 480 12220
Bean 100 50 60 50 150 410
Onion 2306 2306 406 406 406 380 405 415 452 375 325 100 8282
Garlic 1015 1015 100 100 50 50 60 60 60 80 40 40 2670
Ginger 80 80 80 55 80 45 45 20 20 20 20 20 565
BLM/daniya 50 50 60 70 70 70 60 60 60 60 70 70 750
Hot chilli 80 87 87 87 90 90 50 45 45 45 20 20 746
Carrot 156 150 170 170 646
5279 5520 5915 1690 1788 1785 6370 4280 2487 2035 2091 2166 41406

Table 8: Total Annual Vegetable Demanded by Retailers & Hotels in Hatiya, Narethati &
Dagathungdada, Kharbang Bazaars.
Total trade vegetable demand in Hatiya, Naretati and Dagathungdada
(Hotel and Retailers) in Quintal in different months.
Areas Baishakh Jestha Ashad ShrawanBhadraAshwinKartikMangshir Paush Magh FalgunChaitraTotal
Naretati and Hatiya 140.2 131 112.4 108.2 107.2 141.8 144.2 192.7 150.2142.7 126.1 1301626.7
Dagatungdada 52.79 55.2 59.15 16.9 17.88 17.85 63.7 42.8 24.8720.35 20.91 21.66414.06
Total 193 186 171.6 125.1 125.1 159.7 207.9 235.5175.07163.1 147 151.662040.8

16Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 16

Total annual vegetable demanded in Narethati & Hatiya is 1626.7 Qt. And Dagathungdada
Bazaar is only 414.06 Qt. Thus, total vegetable demanded by Vegetable traders (Hotels &
Retailers) is 2040.8 Quintal (Qt.) annually in study areas. Mangshir is highly vegetable
demanded month in local market nodes.

Total Vegetable Demanded in different months from Retailers and Hotels

Total Vegetable demanded in Quienta( 1 qt.=100Kg)

2500 Vegetable
demanded in Hatiya
& Narethati Bazaar
2000

1500 Vegetable
demanded in
Dagatunddada
1000 Bazaar

500 Total Vegetable

demanded in Hatiya
, Naretati and
0 Dagatungdada
Bazaar from
B an

As r a

tr a
P a ir

Ch n
ai a s

Sh ha d

l
As a

in
Je h

Fa h
M rtik

ta
h
ak

us

u
ag
d
hw
w

gs

Retailer and Hotels

To
e

ai
lg
st

ha

Ka
Ar
sh

M
ra

an
B

Month of vegetable dem anded from traders

Figure 4: Total annual vegetable demanded from retailers and hotels in Hatiya,
Narethati and Dagathungdada Bazaars.
Total Vegetable Demand and Supply in Hatiya &
Narethati .
Quintaty of Vegetable Demand and

250
Quntity of Vegetable supply
200
Supply in Quiental.

from producers of Hatiya and

Narethati VDCs
150

100 Quintity of vegetable

demanded by hotels and
50 retailers from Hatiya and
Naretati Bazaar
0
C n
Pa r
kh

M rti k

Fa h
As ra

a
ha

Sh ad

an

in

hi

itr
us

ag
ad
ha

hw

gs

lg
st

h
w

ha
Ka

M
As
Je

ra

Bh
is

an
Ba

Month of vegetable Demand and supply

Figure 5: Total annual vegetable demand and supply in Hatiya and Narethati.

17Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 17

 Total Vegetable Demand and Supply in Dagathungdada VDC

Q uantity of vegetable demand &

600

500
supply in Q uiental
400

300

200 Total Vegetable demanded by

100 Retailers and Hotels
Total Vegetable supply from
0
producers annually

Ch u n

l
Fa h
an k

h
Pa i r
As a

As dra

tra
J e kh

Sh h a d

ta
Bh a n

in
M r ti

ag
us
sth

To
lg
hw
a

gs

ai
Ka
w
a

M
i sh

ra
Ba

Month of Vegetable demand & supply

Figure 6: Total annual vegetable demand by traders and supply by farmers in

Dagathungdada.

Total Annual Vegetable Demand & Supply from Traders and

Producers in Hatiya, Narethati and Dagatungdada
A m o u n t o f v e g e ta b le d e m a n d a n d
s u p p ly in Q u ie n ta l( 1 Q t.= 1 0 0 K g )

2500

2000
Total Vegetable Supply by
1500 Farmers/producers
1000 Total Vegetable demanded by
Retailers and Hotels
500

0
ta l
Ch n
Fa h
M a r ti k

h
As a

A s ra

ra
Sh ad

Pa i r
Je h

in
Bh n

g
us

lg u
st h
ak

sh

To
ai t
ad
wa

Ma
hw
h

Ka
i sh

ng
ra
Ba

Month of vegetable demand and supply

Figure 7: Total Annual Vegetable Demand and Supply from Traders & Farmers in
Hatiya, Narethati and Dagathungdada VDCs.

18Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 18

 Total Tomato Demand and Supply in Hatiya and Narethati
VDCs.

Q uantity of tomato demand and s upply

350
300
250 Supply of tomat in
in Q uiental
200 market from farmers
150
100
Demand of tomato
50
from Narethati and
0 Hatiya Bazaar from
Retailers and Hotels

Ch u n

l
Fa h
a n ti k

h
Pa i r
As a

As ra

tra
Je h

ta
Sh h a d

Bh n

in

ag
us
sth
ak

h
wa
ad

To
r

lg
hw

gs

ai
Ka

M
i sh

ra
Ba

M
Month of tomato demand and supply

Figure 8: Total Annual Tomato Demand and Supply by Traders and Farmers in Hatiya
and Narethati VDCs.

4.1.3 Comparative analysis of vegetable demand and supply in Baglung Bazaar and its
periphery (Kattel, 2005. Survey Report)

Table 9: Total Annual Vegetable Demaded by differents traders and Supply by Commercial
Farmers in Baglung. 2004-2005 (Kattel, 2005. From survey report).
Baishakh Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashwin Kartik Mangshir Paush Magh Falgun Chaitra Total
Demand 2612.6 2535.4 2554 2316.2 2313.6 2284.8 2220.6 2358 2249 2137 2200 2007 27788.2
Supply 1717.3 1804.48 2038.3 1663.16 964.42 779.1 634.85 974.8 1019.55 962.6 829 517.55 13905.1

“Thus, total vegetable supply annually from Binhu, Tityang, Malika VDCs and
Baglung Municipality- Bokshe, Doblang and Kudule, Baglung District and
Naglibang VDC, Phoshre, Parbat was 13,905.1 Quintal. Whereas total vegetable
annually demanded by Wholesalers, Retailers and Hotels of Baglung Bazaar was
27,788.2 Quintal. So, 49.97% of vegetable deficit in local production, thought the
half amount of vegetable supply from Pokhara, Terai and Dhading.
This scenario of past report showed that, hugh amount of commercial production
and supply potentiality for the Baglung farmers regularly”.

19Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 19

 Total Vegetable Demand & Supply in Baglung during 2004- 2005
( Annual)
Quantity of Vegetable
Demand & Supply in Total Vegetable Demanded by
4000
3500 Retailers, Wholesalers & Hotels
3000
Quintal.
2500 in Baglung Bazaar.
2000
1500
1000 Total Vegetable Supply by
500 Commercial Farmers from Past
0
Survey Areas

Bh an

Fa h
As ra
in

Pa ir

C un
a

l
Sh ad

h
As a
Je h

an k

ta
M rti

ag
h
us

itr
ak

hw
ad

To
w

lg
gs
h
st

Ka

ha
sh

M
ra
i
Ba

Month of Vegetable Demand & Supply.

Figure 9: Total Annual Vegetable Demanded and Supply in Baglung (Kattel, 2005)

4.1.3 Vegetable Production Situation Analysis

4.1.3.1 Production Season Of Vegetable in Survey Areas
In Season: Cauliflower, Cabbage, Tomato, Radish, Broad Leaf Mustard (BLM), Potato,
Ginger, Bean, Cucumber, Sponge Gourd, Onion and Garlic.

Off Season: Tomato (In Hatya 6 commercial farmers have started to production of tomato in
Tunnel System), Bean (In Bhadra – Falgun), Cauliflower ( Falgun – Sharwan),
Cabbage(Ashad – Bhadra) and Cucumber ( Falgun to Bhaishak).

High Price Season of Vegetable: Low Price Season of vegetable:

• Off season • On season
• In Rainy Season • Winter
• Chilly in every month • Maghir- Paush (Cabbage
• Falgun- Chitra & Cauli)
• Bhadra- Kartik (Potato) • Sharwn- Ashwin (Sponge
• Ashwin – Kartik
(Cabbage &

4.1.3.2 Production Constraint Of Vegetable in Farmers Level:

Constraint Ranking
• Lack of full Knowledge for off-season vegetable production. 1st
• Highly infection from insects & diseases (White grub, Red Ant in Potato, 2nd
Aphid, Cabbage butter fly, Nematode in Tomato, Leaf wilting, Blight.
• Lack of Knowledge for vegetable production Calendar, Production cost 3rd
analysis and skillful training.
• Lack of proper quality vegetable seed in local markets. 4th
• Lack of market oriented vegetable demand market information and analysis 5th
of price in different seasons in different markets.

20Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 20

 • Low irrigation facilities in especially winter. 6th
• Low technical knowledge of utilization and application of bio-pesticide, 7th
organic fertilizers and chemical pesticide/ fertilizes in different crops properly.
• Few knowledge of pocket package vegetable production according to market 8th
demand and no any institutional concept for sustainable production and market
management.
• Low knowledge on soil testing and proper sustainable soil management for 9th
better production.
• No any Indigenous Knowledge for selection of crop verity and improvement 10th
of local crop species according to Niche Based Potentiality & Comparative
Advantages.
• Few initiative of off season vegetable production 11th
• Lack of proper knowledge of processing product for initiation of small scale 12th
local enterprisers. (Like potato processing and Ginger Processing).

4.1.3.2 Seasonal & Offseason Main Vegetable Verities introduction in Farms:

Vegetable Variety
Tomato 1.Thim-16,
2. Manisha (Late Blight Infected)
3.Lapsi Gede.
Cauliflower 1.Snow Crown
2.Kathmandu Local
3.White Flash (Late)
Cabbage Green Coronate
Radish 1. Mino Early
2. Toki Nase
3. 40- Days.
Green Chilly Surya Mukhi ( Jawala Mukhi)
Cucumber Bhakthapur Local
Bean 1.Chaumase (Thakre)
2. Kentuki Wander (Ghiu Shimi)
Carrot New Croda
Onion Red Crewal Set
Ginger 1. Nase
2. Bose

21Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 21

 4.1.3.3 PARTICIPATORY IMPACT MONITORING (PIM) & Situation Analysis of Sustainable Vegetable Production and
Market Management through Groups Discussion in Hatiya, Narethati & Dagathungdada VDCs, Baglung District.

Areas/ Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats

Site
IN ƒ Awareness, Unity among group o Unable to production of seasonal • Hugh potentiality of ¾ Lack of knowledge
Veget members for sustainable vegetable and offseason vegetable production seasonal and offseason of Organic/ Fresh
able production. according to local market demand. vegetable production Vegetable
Produ according to regular market consumption in
ction. ƒ Improvement the Socio- o No any sustainable production oriented demand consumer site and
economical, and gender situation mechanism development like difficult competition
after initiation of vegetable Production Calendar and Market • Pocket Package and with inorganic low
production and marketing. Production Committee Preparation comparative advantages cast basic vegetable
based potentiality of some produces.
o Lack of Knowledge of per Cast of vegetable like Tunnel
ƒ Mutual understanding and Production and cost- benefit System Tomato Production, ¾ Irrigation Problem
obligation among the farmers analysis. Cauliflower, Radish and for offseason
groups for better production of Potato. vegetable
vegetable and knowledge sharing. o Not prefect knowledge of off- production.
season vegetable production • Local resources and
ƒ 6 farmers in Hatiya initiate off- techniques. Indigenous Knowledge ¾ For local vegetable
season Tomato production in (IK) utilization for fresh seed production
Plastic Tunnel System effectively. o Technically poor for niche based vegetable production and (Technical difficulty
identification pocket package insect pest management, and for layman)
production according to local potentiality of Organic
ƒ Initiatives of kitchen gardening in market demand. Vegetable Production ¾ Poor in selection
all members and they are not buy sustainly. of Organic Pest from
vegetable now, whereas initiation o Not full technically sound for local available
of market and oriented toward Action Plan preparation and • Potentiality of Vegetable resources and
Food Security in farmers. Implementation (Design & Seed Production in application for
Delivery/ Destiny). Cauliflower, Potato, Radish particular crops
ƒ Annual earn Rs. 4,000 to 1,2500 and cabbage. diseases and insect

Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 22

 income from vegetable production • Pocket Packet potentiality of management
and help for making Ginger production and
independency and processing in ¾ Low Technical
interdependency. Dagathungdada VDC. know- how for
ƒ Awareness on Local Resources vegetable production
utilization for fresh vegetable in groups and scatter
production. So, develop export led hilly areas.
local policy and starting also
Import Substitution Policy in
community.

ƒ Ginger production commercially

and initiate processing and market
supply (especially in
Dagathungdada).

In ƒ Groups’ members have o Lack of Market oriented offseason • Focused on Group Unity for ¾ Need Vegetable
knowledge and awareness for vegetable supply in local market Market Management. Production &
Mark marketing of product vegetable. nodes. Market Management
et • Incensement of vegetable Trainings and
Mana ƒ Group unity and way of better o Little knowledge on Market production potentiality and Workshops.
gemen discussion for preparation of Information Collection and local supply in local markets and
t future marketing management market vegetable demand Baglung Bazar. ¾ Transportation
planning and strategically monitoring and analysis. problem in rainy
initiation mind make of for season.
supplying their product in local o Worry on vegetable supplying local • Preparation of Production
market nodes and wider strength. market problem without market and Marketing Colanders
information collection and and supply of vegetable in ¾ Organic and fresh
monitoring. market nodes regularly and vegetable price in
ƒ Wish for regular market oriented develop independency. market not differ
vegetable supply and price o No any sustainable marketing than inorganic due to
determination and same pricing approaches developed and • Market information lack of awreness of

Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 23

 for same vegetable from farmers. establishment of local market collection, sharing among fresh/organic
institution and management group members and pricing vegetable
committee. per unit for supplying need consumtion in
to be fixed. markets.

o No strong coordination between

vegetable local traders (Retailers, • Local Vegetable Market
Wholesaler, Hotels, Middlemen and Nodes strengthen like
Direct Consumers) and Farmers. Harithati, Dagathungdada,
Hatiya and Narethati.

Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 24

 4.1.4 Market Site of Vegetable
4.1.4.1 Marketing Channel of Vegetable Survey Areas.
Marketing Channels of different vegetable are route through this products move from
producer/farmers to consumers. The length of channel varies from commodity to commodity
depending on the quality and quantity to be moved, thus form of consumer demand and
degree of regional specialization in production. The marketing channel of vegetable in survey
areas is as follows:

Vegetable
Producers

25.8%
38.6%
35.6%

Hotels
Consumers

Retailers

Figure10: Marketing Channel of Vegetable in Hatiya, Narethati & Dagathungdad VDCs.

(Selling Percentage of vegetable from farmers to different local traders and consumers)

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 Vegetable Market Route in different traders level

Farmers
(Vegetable growers)

Local Retailers
39.7%
48.7%

Middlemen
42.6%

Wholesalers- Baglung 13.2%

Bazar

Retailers 7.7%
5.1%

38.5%

Hotel

Figure 11: Demand of Vegetable from different traders (Retailers and Hotels) in
Hatiya, Narethati & Dagathungdada, Kharbang Bazars, Baglung.

Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 27

4.1.4.2 Price and Market Margin of major Vegetable

Tomato: Rs. 25- Rs 60/kg of farm gate price (Rs.10 MM)

Green Chilly: Rs. 80 – 100/kg (Retailer Price)
Cauliflower: Rs. 20 – 40/kg of farm gate price (Rs. 5- 15 MM)
Cabbage: Rs. 10 – 30/kg farm gate price (Rs. 5-10 MM)
Potato: Rs. 10- 20/kg market price (Rs. 5 MM)
Ginger: Rs. 25- 40/kg Market Price.

Note: MM= Market Margin (Retailer Price- Farm Gate Price)

4.1.4.3 Marketing Limitation of Vegetable in Retailers and Hotels (View collection)

1 Lack of coordination between producers and traders.
2 Little knowledge of vegetable market information
3 High production of vegetable in season so, creates local market problems.
4 Lack of market oriented vegetable production according to market demand in
season and off-season.
5 Small and scatter local vegetable traders.
6 Lack of vegetable market management technical skill and training, workshop,
seminar.
7 Transportation problem in rainy season and high transportation cost for long run
market horizon supply.
8 Varies of same vegetable price in same time due to lack of farmer to farmer and
farmers to traders strong and mutual linkages.

4.1.4.4 Marketing Function of Vegetable (In grading and Packaging scenario)

Packaging:
Most of the farmers package vegetable locally and very little technical knowledge of better
packaging system.
¾ 98 % farmers supply vegetable without better packaging (In bags and Doko).
¾ Only 2% farmers initiate improve packaging in Doko, Bag and Create.

Grading:
Most of the farmers have no knowledge of grading and size separation of vegetable for better
price.
• 82% farmers sell vegetable without grading in local market.
• 15 % farmers supply vegetable in market both grading and no grading.
• Only 3% farmers supply vegetable through size grading.

Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 28

4.2 Socio- Economic Aspect of Vegetable Production and Marketing
4.2.1 Land Holding and vegetable Production Areas:

Areas Average cultivated Land Average Vegetable production

(Ropani) Land (Ropani)
Kheta Bari Kheta Bari AVLT
Hatiya & Narethati 3.1 2.26 0.64 0.19 0.83
Dagathungdada 3.19 4.1 - 0.68 0.68
Total Average 3.15 3.18 0.64 0.44 0.75
Note: AVLT= Average Vegetable Production Area in Ropani (1 hectare = 20 ropani).
Thus average vegetable prodtion in Dagathungdada is 0.68 Ropani in Bari (Up Land only)
and 0.83 Ropani IN Hatiya and Narethati in both Bari (Up land) and Kheta( Upland). So
Average landholding is 3.16 ropani and vegetable cultivation in ).75 Ropani in survey areas.
4.2.2 Gender issue:
Women Participation in Vegetable Marketing and Income sharing:
¾ Women participation in vegetable production and income sharing is high (80% in
production and 55% in income sharing) in Hatiya, Narethati and Dagathungdada
VDCs, so highly gender equality/equity in these areas in farming system
management and marketing as well as income sharing.

In Vegetable Production: In Income sharing:

• 80% only women involvement
• 14.5% both women and men
• 5.5% only men involvement in
vegetable production
• 55% only women involvement
• 20% both women and men
• 25% only men involvement in
sharing of income and power of
income utilization.

4.2.3 Women Load Increment Aspect After initiation of Vegetable production and
Marketing
¾ 80 % women are not worry from load increment because they have developed power
in income generation and domestic need fulfillment from supplying vegetable in
market.
¾ 15% women worry from load increment after production of vegetable
¾ 5 % women did not give their view about this aspect.
4.2.3 Different pesticide application practices in survey areas for vegetable production
• 75% farmers product vegetable only application of organic fertilizers and pesticides.
• 25% farmers product vegetable in their land by application of organic and judicial
chemical fertilizers and pesticides application
• No any farmers only used of chemical fertilizers and pesticide for vegetable production
in there farming system.

So, most of the farmers aware about harmful effect of chemical pesticides and pesticide in
their soil, environment and health, that is their strength for promotion of organic vegetable in
their land.

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 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusions:
¾ In Hatiya, Narethati and Dagathungdada VDCs, annual vegetable production market
supply by 125 semi- commercial farmers was 1238.66 Quintals (1 Qt= 100 Kg.)
annually, whereas 1087.18 Qt produced by Hatiya and Narethati `s farmers and only
151.48 Qt vegetable was produced by Dagathungdada VDC `s farmers annually. But
farmers have commitment of strength for sustainable vegetable production and
promotion in their farming system at future.
¾ Total annual (12 months) vegetable demanded by Hatiya, Narethati and Dagthungdad
`s Retailers and Hotels was 2040.8 Qt, whereas 1092.2 Qt and 534.6 Qt from
Retailers and Hotels in Hatiya and Narethati Bazars respectively. Only 414.06 Qt.
Demanded from Dagathungdada, Kharbang Bazar Hotels and retailers. In market
tomato, cauliflowers, cabbage, radish and Green hot chilli demanded high than other
vegetable.
¾ From these scenarios, total vegetable demanded is 2040.8 Qt annually from traders
and only 1238.66 Qt was supply annually from framers in survey areas, so, 39.31%
(802.14 Qt.) Vegetable supply from outside (Baglung Bazar, Butwal) in the local
markets of Hatiya, Narethati and Dagathungdada. Thus, there is huge potentialities of
seasonal and offseason vegetable production according to market oriented demand.
¾ Most of the farmers produced tomato, cauliflower, cabbage, radish and Ginger in
sustainable commercial scale. In Hatiya 6 farmers have grown Tomato in plastic
tunnel system and produced 145.76 Qt annually. In Hatiya and Narethati VDCs,
annually production market supply of Potato- 191.6 Qt, Cauliflower- 141.8 Qt., and
Cabbage- 125.8 Qt. Participatory group discussion and situation analysis are effective
tools of identification of community strength that help future action plan preparation
according to need based potentiality. All of the group members were committee for
sustainable cum commercial vegetable production according to market demand and
they have strong willingness to manage production and marketing of vegetable by
strengthen local market nodes first and the proceed in long run market horizon
through cost benefit analysis.
¾ Women participation in vegetable production and income sharing is high (80% in
production and 55% in income sharing) in Hatiya, Narethati and Dagathungdada
VDCs, so highly gender equality/equity in these areas in farming system management
and marketing as well as income sharing.
¾ 80 % women are not worry from load increment because they have developed power
in income generation and domestic need fulfillment from supplying vegetable in
market. 15% women worry from load increment after production of vegetable. 5 %
women did not give their view about this aspect.
¾ 75% farmers product vegetable only application of organic fertilizers and pesticides.
25% farmers product vegetable in their land by application of organic and judicial
chemical fertilizers and pesticides application. No any farmers only used of chemical
fertilizers and pesticide for vegetable production in there farming system.
¾ In case of market channel, farmers supply vegetable 35.6 % to the Retailers, 38.6 %
in Hotels and 25.8 % to the direct consumers. No any farmers in survey areas supply

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 the vegetable to the wholesalers and middlemen, so market margin in local market is
not so high till.
¾ White grub and red ant are major problem facing by farmers give in first ranking also
marketing information, cost analysis, irrigation and lack of proper technical
knowledge and skill for pocket package off season vegetable production, variety
selection and better market management are other issues of problem in these areas.

5.2 Recommendations and Action Plan

It is required collection and dissemination of price information in both vegetable producers
and traders for quick and effective vegetable marketing information. To conclude of these
issues to be address which require attention in discovery, designing, implementing and
destiny/delivery of fresh locally produced vegetable market information system skillfully
must be realistic of solving present weakness in surveying areas. The some of
recommendation and strategically realistic action plan for better purposive management of
vegetable production and marketing system are as follows:
1 Timely collection of basic vegetable marketing information from local market
nodes and Baglung Bazar in appropriate form in regular basis should be needed for
better marketing and production linkage.
2 Adequate marketing information system and coordination meeting between farmers
and traders (Retailers, wholesalers and Hotels) should be needy for transmission,
dissemination and feedback in local level. (Actors;/ Factors Micro- Analysis
Approach).
3 Pocket package Niche based & Comparatively Advantage Vegetable production
could be effective for sustainable Income Generation Promotion (IGP) by utilizing
optimum local level resources.
4 Need Market management training to the local farmers and coordination meeting
and workshop between farmers and local traders.
5 Organic vegetable consumption and promotion Awareness Campaign is effective
tools for local fresh vegetable supplying in local market nodes in reasonable price.
(Like: Rallies, Street Drama etc.)
6 Need to prepare and to quick action vegetable production and marketing Annual
calendars in farmers group level (For production of vegetable in rotation basic)
7 Establish vegetable collection center and basket fund for sustain/longitivity of
production marketing system. (Different Production and Market Management
Committee preparation)
8 Need to train the farmers for production cost, per unit price determination and cost
benefit analysis in different market nodes of vegetable production and marketing.
9 For sustainable and Community strength respect and promotion, establishment
Farmers CBOs/or Cooperative in local level, that ensure address social inclusion,
farmer unity, sharing and local institution initiative.

Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 31

 Vegetable Production and market Management Sustainable Model.

Partner’s ( SSMP,…..

NGO ( CYC,…)

Community
Group
Farmers
Group CGs FG
FG
Basket
Fund (2-
5% of
total
profit)
Vegetable Production /Processing and Market
Management Committee (15-25 mbs; Coordinator-1

Vegetable Production/Processing Vegetable Market Management

Management Committee (5-10 mbs), Sub- Committee (5-10 mbs), Sub-
cordinator-1 coordinator-1

Local Market Nodes

Production Calendar
Action Plan Preparation
Technical Support
Promotion
Parito-efficiency creation
in production regime; long MN
run market horizon.

Market
Information, Extension Nodes
M

Figure 12: Better Marketing Strategy and Action Plan of Vegetable for Survey Areas.

Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 32

 Break Even Point

TC
TR
O
U
T
C Short down
O Point
M
E/
I
N
P # Impact
U
T
BEK

TIME

Figure 13: INPUT…. PROCESS…. RESULT OUTCOMES…IMPACTS of

Sustainable Vegetable Production and Cost benefit analysis in farmers
site.
Note: BEK= Break Event Point (Pay back period/ Input= Output Period)
TC= Total Cost of Vegetable Production
TR= Total Revenue/ Income from vegetable production from same land
holding.

Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 33

 Organization (SSMP,…….)

Partner’s NGO (CYC Baglung,……..)

Farmers
Group -1 FG-
10
FG-3 FG-4
1 F
G
-2

Action Plan Preparation

Network Committee-
@ 2-3 members/ group.
Production Calendar

Core Committee
Monitoring &
Evaluation

Sustainability/longitivity/Comprehensive Package

Cooperative CBO/Broad Registration the group/ Core

CBOs Community in VDC/
District/DADO.

Figure 14: Program “sustainable Model”.

Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 34

 6 REFERENCES CITES
FAO. 1998. Vegetable Supply to Selected Urban Centers in Nepal, Bharatpur municipality.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Kathmandu, Nepal. 13p.

HMG/N. 1999. A Study on Mandarin Orange Marketing: A Case Study of Tanhu and
Syangja Districts. Marketing Development Division, Harihar Bhawan. 9p.

HMG/N. 1999. Marketing Development and Management- Training Manul. United Nations
Capita Development Fund Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and Department
of Agriculture (DoA). Small Marketing Infrastructure Development Project
(SMDP).32p.

HMG/Winrock International. 1993. Policy Analysis as an Aid to Agricultural Development:

The Case of Tomato Marketing, Nepal Agribrif, HMG/N/ Winrock International (7).

Kattel, R. R. 2004. Commercial Vegetable Production and Marketing in Sindhupalchowk

District”- Present Reality and Future Strategies. SSMP/Helvetas Nepal and
Sindupalchowk SSMP/ CIs.

Kattel, R. R. 2005. Commercial Vegetable Production and Market Management in Baglung

District Report. Present Reality and Future Perspective, SSMP/Helvetas Nepal.
Collaboration with Chartare Youth Club (CYC), Baglung.

Kohls, R. and J. N. Uhl. 1985. Marketing of Agriculture Products.Macmillan Publishing

Company, New York. 5-6pp.

Mathema, P. R. 1998. National Agricultural Marketing Information System: Objectives and

Activities. In Proceedings of the National Seminar on Agricultural Marketing System
in Nepal, FAO, Kathmandu, Nepal. 1-8pp.

NARC. 1999. Study on Off-season Tomato Production, Nepal Agriculture Resource

Councial, Horticulture Research Division, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Panta, K.R. 2061. Nepalese Agriculture and World Trade Organization. (In Nepali).
Agriculture Information and Communication Center, Hariharbhawan, kathmandu.

Piadoza, E. S. 1987. Syllabus on Agricultural Marketing. Department of Agricultural

Economics. Collage of Economics and Management, U.P., Los Bans.

Taragola and Van-Lierde D. 2000. Competitive Strategies in the Sector of Greenhouse

Tomato Production in Belgium. Acta Horticulturae, no.524: 149-156, 2000.

Wener, A. Reni. 1998. Planned Activities and Plan of Action in Marketing Information. In:
Agiculture Marketing Information System in Nepal. NEP/91/035, FAO/UN,
Kathmandu, Nepal.

Marketing Study Report, Baglung District, rrkattel@yahoo.com 35

 Annex: I Name of Vegetable Producers, Address, Group and Land Holding (Survey
Participant). Note: 20 Ha=1 Ropani and 1 Hall =1 ropani (ass.)
Sn Name Address Group Name Cultivated Land Vegetable
(Ropani) producing areas
( Ropani)
Lowland Upland Lowland Upland
1 Kausila Karki Hatiya-3 Namuna Atma Nirvar 1 1 - 1
Samuha
2 Man Shahani Hatiya-3 ‘’ ” ” ”” ” 3 2 1 -
3 Bishnu Khattri Hatiya-3 ‘’ ” ” ”” ” 4 2 0.5 -
4 Shiva Kumari Khattri Hatya-6 Bishnu atma Nirvar 4 4 1 -
Ama Kendra
5 Hari Kala Bhandari Hatiya-3 Milan Atmanirvar 4 1 1 -
Mahila Kendra
6 Karna Kumari Kaucha Hatiya-3 Shiva Krishak 0.5 - 0.5 -
Samuha
7 Lal Kumari Khattri Hatiya-3 “” “ “ “ 0.5 1 0.5 -
8 Man Kumari Bhandari Hatiya-3 “” “ “ “ 9 - 1 -
9 Shusila Bhandari Hatiya-3 “” “ “ “ 4 1 1 -
10 Kamala Dargi Hatiya-3 “” “ “ “ - 4 - 0.5
11 Yam Kumari Khattri Hatiya-3 “” “ “ “ - 26 - 1
12 Dil Kumari Khattri Hatiya-3 “” “ “ “ 12 1 1 -
13 Nanda Kali Shahani Hatiya-4 “” “ “ “ 6 - 1 -
14 Dhan Kumari Dhakal Hatiya-4 “” “ “ “ 9 4 1 -
15 Guman Sing Khattri Hatiya-3 “” “ “ “ 1.5 - 1.5 -
16 Dil Kumari Bohara Hatiya-2 “” “ “ “ 3 - 0.5 -
17 Sita Bohara Hatiya-2 Shiva Athmanirvar 2 1 - 0.5
Mahila Kendra
18 Gomati Bohara Hatiya-2 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ 2 2 0.5 -
19 Bal Bdr. Bohara Hatiya-2 Janagagriti Athma 2 3 0.5 -
Nirvar Mahila
Samuha
20 Jhuma Kumari Sharma Hatiya-2 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ 5 0.5 - 0.4
21 Dhani Adhikari Hatiya-2 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ 5 2 0.5 0.5
22 Sita Sharma Poudel Hatiya-2 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ - 1 - 0.4
23 Ganga Bohara Hatiya-2 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ - 0.5 - 0.5
24 Chandra Bdr. Chhetri Narethati-1 Jagaruk Taga Tarkari 8 40 1.5 -
Krishak Samuha
25 Bum Bdr. K.C. ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ 4 4 1.5 -
26 Sita Kharel Dagathung Tribeni Athma Nirvar 7 3 - 1
dada-7 Mahila Samuha
27 Man Maya Rana Dagathung “ “ “” “” “””
dada-7
28 Gita Rana Dagathung ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’
dada-7

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29 Laxmi Pathak Dagathung ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ - 0.5 - 0.5
dada-7
30 Maya Ghimire Dagathung Dovan ANMS. 5 1 - 1
dada-7
31 Shalik Ram Pandey Dagathung
dada-6
32 Ankadhar Khanal Dagathung Outside Group 10 20 - 3
dada-6
33 Kamala Poudel Dagathung Hatemalo Atma 0.8
dada-6 Nirvar Mahila S.
34 Simanta Bdr. Sapkota Dagathung Hatemalo ANMS 0.5
dada-6
35 Tek Narayan Sapkota Dagathung Hatemalo ANMS 0.5
dada-6
36 Lok Narayan Poudel Dagathung Hatemalo ANMS 3 7 - 1
dada-6

Annex II: Name of Vegetable Retailer in selected survey areas.

Sn Name
1 Bhim Bdr. Pun
2 Chiranghive Kandel
3 Krishna Prasad Gyawali
4 Harilal Sapkota
5 Tek Bdr. Balami
6 Harka Karki
7 Vhir Prasad Khanel
8 Babu Ram G.C.
Address
Hatiya Bazar
Narethati-2 , Bazar
Hatiya Bazar
Hatiya Bazar
Dagathungdada-7, Kharbang
Dagathungdada-7, Kharbang
Dagathungdada-9, Kharbang
Dagathungdada-7, Kharbang
Permanent Address
Righa-3, Baglung
Bhiun-4, Baglung
Butwal
Rishmi, Baglung
Gawalichour-1, Balayetol
Dagathungdada-7, Kharbang
Dagathungdada-7, Kharbang
Gunmi-9, Badghaun.

Annex II: Name of Hotels/ proponent in selected survey areas.

Sn Name Address Permanent
Address
1 Rupa KC (Rupa Hotel) Hatiya Bazar Kandebar
2 Tika shrish (Burdhibang Hatiya Bazar Kansing, Kitini
Karnasing Hotel)
3 Devi Raj Bhandari (Sugam Chinese Hatiya Bazar Hatiya-3
Resturent)
4 Krishna Khattri (Lavakush Hotel) Hatiya Bazar Hatya-3
5 Nar Bdr. Balami (Hotel Sagar) Kadebash,
Baglung
5 Krishna Pun (Kharbang Guest Dagathungdada-7, Jaljala
House) Kharbang
6 Dhan Bdr. Buda (Shikar Hotel) Dagathungdada-7, Jaljala
7 Babu Ram Poudel (Santosh Hotel) Dagathungdada-7, Dagathungdada-7
8 Giri Prasad Shrish (Parbin Hotel) Galkot-3 Righa-6.

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