Determination of the Base Concentration of Antacids and their Neutralizing Power

Dutong, Faye, Feliciano, Felimon Jr., Gorospe, Tryxia Althea Jenn A., Guzon, Abegail 1 Department of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Baguio October 3, 2013 ABSTRACT Antacids serve as stomach pains reliever specifically hyperacidity. They contain a basic component that usually reacts with the HCl found in the stomach. This study was undertaken to develop a clear description of Mg(OH)2 content of antacid brands and the HCl concentration neutralized by the basic compound. The said brands are Maalox, Kremil-S, and Geltazine. The used method for the experiment involves the back-titration where in an excess of solvents accustomed in dissolving the antacid samples. It was found that the least reactive among the three chosen brands is the Geltazine and the strongest one came from the Kremil S which has a neutralizing power of 0.04608 moles HCl per gram of antacid. In conclusion, it is best to use Kremil S when experiencing severe hyperacidity.

INTRODUCTION Many experience gas pains or stomach aches due to excessive gastric acidity. In order to reduce the pain felt , one may take antacid medicines which normally react with the Hydrochloric acid present in the stomach. The inner substance of the stomach will then be neutralized after some time after taking the antacid tablet. The major component existing in many antacids that reacts with the acid is usually Magnesium Hydroxide (MgOH2) but other components are also expected to be present. The creation of the antacids was indeed another improvement to human life. It does not only reduce provisional pains in stomach but it also prevents long-term stomach diseases or disorders like the disintegration of the gastric lining that may lead to successive disorders or even worst to death. So, one may conclude that antacids mainly function in relieving indigestion and heartburn. The aim of the study is to determine the concentration of HCl neutralized by the antacid

samples and of course the mass of Mg(OH)2 present in the various antacids. Three different brands of antacids are taken as samples Maalox, Kremil-S, and Geltazine () and the intention is to know which among the three has the highest or lowest capability of neutralizing hyperacidity in stomach. Thus the study offers a rapid and ideal conception on to which antacid is better to take when experiencing mild, moderate, or severe stomach pains due to excessive acid. METHODOLOGY Standardization of NaOH solution We began this experiment by weighing approximately 0.1g of NaOH pellets. We then laced it into a volumetric flask, added a bit of distilled water, stirred it untilit dissolved then diluted it up to the mark. Next,we washed the base burette with a little amount of the prepared sodium hydroxide solution and filled this up with the same solution. We weighed approximately 0.3 g of KHP into a clean flask and dissolved it with 50mL of distilled water.

We then added 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator and titrated with the prepared sodium hydroxide solution until a permanent faint pink color was obtained. We recorded all volumes and performed 3 trials. Analysis of Antacid Tablets We weighed approximately 0. 1g of ground antacid tablet and placed it in a clean 250 volumetric flask. We added 50 ml of HCl to the flask containing the tablet and diluted it to the mark . We then obtained an aliquot of 50 mL, added 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator and titrated the solution with the standard NaOH solution until a faint pink color appeared. We recorded all data and performed this step thrice for every sample.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE In the modern period, most laboratories are popular for the chemicals and drugs that are used for the enhancement of life. Most of the products of chemical laboratories are used for the cure or aid of some sicknesses. One example product would be the antacid which is used to prevent, counteract, or neutralize acidity especially in the stomach, which has cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (Encarta, 2003). But with the widespread production of medicines, including antacids, it is a great question of how effective one brand would be compared to others. The determination of acid-neutralizing power in antacids using acid-base titration is a common experiment. Experiments related to antacids such as rating antacids and brand identification have been also published (Yang and Tsai, 2006). A data from Medline Plus says, majority of the common brands of antacids from the

United States contain aluminum and magnesium ions, with few containing calcium ion. With these, antacid tablets can neutralize the HCl in the stomach depending on the active ingredient. But what factor/s should be considered for determining which antacid provides the most relief for acid ingestion? Studies have shown that the neutralizing strength should not be the only factor considered but also others, like recommended dosage, inert ingredients and ways to take in tablets orally, which may also affect the effectiveness of the antacid. For dosage, number of time to take in antacids daily and the taking time should be considered, too (Kwok and Lam). But some side effects are observed as well when too much antacid is taken. It could result to acid rebound in which the stomach commences to produce too much acid in order to make up for the quantity that is being neutralized. Overtaking of antacid containing aluminum hydroxide can weaken bones by removing the body of phosphorus and calcium. Meanwhile, too much magnesium hydroxide will initiate serious muscle cramping and lead to diarrhea or constipation. Also, fatal metabolic imbalance may occur. That is why further studies and experiments are still made at present to improve the composition of antacids.

RESULT KHP: Weight(g) NaOH: Initial Volume(mL) Final Volume(mL) Total volume(mL) 0.1546 0.0 0.1531 7.0 0.1627 13.9

7.0 7.0

13.9 6.9

21.1 7.2

Molarity 0.1082M 0.1071M Ave. 0.1097M Molarity Table 1 Standardization of NaOH

0.1138M

DISCUSSION The analyzed results of the back titration of the different samples are presented in Tables 2, 3 and 4. It was found that the antacid with the brand of Kremil-S has the highest capability of neutralizing HCl acids while brand Geltazine is the least reactive among the three. Brand Maalox is stocked between the two other brands. The calculated concentration of HCl reacted was 0.004755 mol, 0.004625 mol , and 0.0046 mol, respectively. In conducting the experiment, nearly same mass of antacids are used to be dissolved in an excessive HCl solution. But before doing this, 0.1 M NaOH titrant was standardized. The standardization process turns out to be successful and gave a 0.1097 M concentration of NaOH. After the addition of acid solution to dissolve the samples, the aliquots are titrated with the standardized NaOH. The exact value of the titrant is taken and then certain calculations are handled to find separately from the brand sample for the HCl concentration reacted. The lists can be viewed in Table 1.

The table above shows the average molarity of NaOH after standardizing it with KHP. Trial 1 3.1 Trial 2 5.5 Trial 3 7.8 Trial 4 10.0

Initial Volume(mL) Final 5.4 7.8 10.0 12.1 Volume(mL) Total 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.1 volume(mL) Weight (g) 0.1035 Ave. 0.0459 moles of HCl/ g antacid Neutralizing power Table 2 Back titration of Maalox Trial 1 12.1 Trial 2 15.4 Trial 3 16.8

Initial Volume(mL) Final 15.4 18.6 21.9 25.2 Volume(mL) Total 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 volume(mL) Weight 0.1001g Ave. 0.004625 moles of HCl/ g Neutralizing antacid power Table 3Back titration of Kremil-S Trial 1 28.8 Trial 2 32.4 Trial 3 36.0

Trial 4 21.9

CONCLUSION Based on the data we have gathered, the antacid that neutralizes the most hydrochloric acid in the stomach is Kremil-s, which is 0.04608 moles of hydrochloric acid/ g of antacid but Maalox just follows closely, having 0.0459 moles of HCl/ g antacid as its neutralizing power. The least neutralizing of the three brands is Geltazine, with 0.03903 moles of HCl/ g antacid. From this, we can say that the neutralizing power of Maalox and Kremil_-S are not significant from each other. Kremil-s, however, is what we would recommend for people who suffer gastric illnesses because not

Initial Volume(mL) Final 32.4 36.0 39.7 43.3 Volume(mL) Total 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 volume(mL) Ave. 0.0459 moles of HCl/ g antacid eutralizing power Table 4 Back titration of Geltazine

Trial 4 39.7

only is it the most neutralizing antacid of the three, it is also the cheapest. Geltazine, the least neutralizing, may contain less base than Kremil-S and Maalox, may perhaps be the costly of the three due to the reason that it is a capsule (liquid inside). What this means is that It woks faster than the tablets since it easily diffuses into the stomach. LITERATURE CITED http://www.thefilipinodoctor.com/searchdrug.php?keyword=Hyperacidity+(antacid)&cat =1&indi=1&disid=20030954 http://www.yenka.com/activities/Back_Titratio n_-_Activity/?decorator=yenkaactivityprintable

= 0.1138M NaOH

Average CNaOH= ( 0.1082M + 0.1071M+ 0.1138M)/3 = 0.1097 M NaOH Neutralizing Power Sample 1 Trial 1 Moles acid added= 0.1 MHCl x 0.050L =0.005 mol HCl

APPENDIX Standardization of NaOH: Trial 1 CNaOH=

Mol excess HCl= 0.1097M NaOH x 0.0023L NaOH =0.00025 mol HCL Mol acid consumed= 0.005mol-0.00025mol =0.00475 mol HCl Neutralizing power= 0.00475molHCl/0.1035g =0.0459 moles of acid/g antacid

= 0.1082M NaOH Trial 2 Trial 2 CNaOH= Moles acid added= 0.1 MHCl x 0.050L =0.005 mol HCl Mol excess HCl= 0.1097M NaOH x 0.0024L NaOH =0.00026 mol HCL = 0.1071M NaOH Trial 3 CNaOH= Mol acid consumed= 0.005mol-0.00025mol =0.00474 mol HCl Neutralizing power= 0.00474molHCl/0.1035g

=0.0458 moles of acid/g antacid

Moles acid added= 0.1 MHCl x 0.050L =0.005 mol HCl

Trial 3 Moles acid added= 0.1 MHCl x 0.050L =0.005 mol HCl Mol excess HCl= 0.1097M NaOH x 0.0022L NaOH =0.00024 mol HCL Mol acid consumed= 0.005mol-0.00025mol =0.00476 mol HCl Neutralizing power= 0.00476molHCl/0.1035g =0.0460 moles of acid/g antacid Trial 4 Moles acid added= 0.1 MHCl x 0.050L =0.005 mol HCl Mol excess HCl= 0.1097M NaOH x 0.0021L NaOH =0.00023 mol HCL Mol acid consumed= 0.005mol-0.00025mol =0.00477 mol HCl Neutralizing power= 0.00477molHCl/0.1035g =0.0461 moles of acid/g antacid Ave Neutralizing power= (0.0459 + 0.0458 + 0.0460 + 0.0461)/4 =0.04595 moles of acid/g antacid

Mol excess HCl= 0.1097M NaOH x 0.0033L NaOH =0.00036 mol HCL Mol acid consumed= 0.005mol-0.00036mol =0.0046 mol HCl Neutralizing power= 0.0046molHCl/0.1001g =0.04595 moles of acid/g antacid Trial 2 Moles acid added= 0.1 MHCl x 0.050L =0.005 mol HCl Mol excess HCl= 0.1097M NaOH x 0.0032L NaOH =0.00035 mol HCL Mol acid consumed= 0.005mol-0.00035mol =0.0047 mol HCl Neutralizing power= 0.0047molHCl/0.1001g =0.04645 moles of acid/g antacid Trial 3 Moles acid added= 0.1 MHCl x 0.050L =0.005 mol HCl Mol excess HCl= 0.1097M NaOH x 0.0033L NaOH =0.00036 mol HCL Mol acid consumed= 0.005mol-0.00036mol =0.0046 mol HCl

Sample 2 Trial 1

Neutralizing power= 0.0046molHCl/0.1001g

=0.04595 moles of acid/g antacid Trial 4 Moles acid added= 0.1 MHCl x 0.050L =0.005 mol HCl Mol excess HCl= 0.1097M NaOH x 0.0033L NaOH =0.00036 mol HCL Mol acid consumed= 0.005mol-0.00036mol =0.0046 mol HCl Neutralizing power= 0.0046molHCl/0.1001g =0.04595 moles of acid/g antacid Ave. neutralizing power = (0.04595+0.04645+0.04595+0.04595)/4 =0.04608 moles of acid/g antacid Sample 3 Trial 1 Moles acid added= 0.1 MHCl x 0.050L =0.005 mol HCl Mol excess HCl= 0.1097M NaOH x 0.0036L NaOH =0.00039 mol HCL Mol acid consumed= 0.005mol-0.00039mol =0.0046 mol HCl Neutralizing power= 0.0046molHCl/0.1176g =0.03903 moles of acid/g antacid Trial 2 Moles acid added= 0.1 MHCl x 0.050L =0.005 mol HCl

Mol excess HCl= 0.1097M NaOH x 0.0036L NaOH =0.00039 mol HCL Mol acid consumed= 0.005mol-0.00039mol =0.0046 mol HCl Neutralizing power= 0.0046molHCl/0.1176g =0.03903 moles of acid/g antacid

Trial 3 Moles acid added= 0.1 MHCl x 0.050L =0.005 mol HCl Mol excess HCl= 0.1097M NaOH x 0.0037L NaOH =0.00041 mol HCL Mol acid consumed= 0.005mol-0.00041mol =0.0046 mol HCl Neutralizing power= 0.0046molHCl/0.1176g =0.03903 moles of acid/g antacid Trial 4 Moles acid added= 0.1 MHCl x 0.050L =0.005 mol HCl Mol excess HCl= 0.1097M NaOH x 0.0036L NaOH =0.00039 mol HCL Mol acid consumed= 0.005mol-0.00039mol =0.0046 mol HCl Neutralizing power= 0.0046molHCl/0.1176g =0.03903 moles of acid/g antacid

Ave. neutralizing power = (0.03903+0.03903+0.03903+0.03903)/4 =0.03903 moles of acid/g antacid