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  • Protocol Reverse Engineering: July 17, 2012

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    josh8884
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    23 vues16 pages

    Protocol Reverse Engineering: July 17, 2012

    Transféré par

    josh8884
    Webcast

    Droits d'auteur :

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 16

    Smarter Incident Response with

    Protocol Reverse Engineering


    July 17th, 2012
    Michael Cloppert Chief Research Analyst Lockheed Martin CIRT

    What would you do with this?


    <html> <!-- V0VMTCBOT1csIEFSRU4nVCBZT1UgQ0xFVkVSPw== --> ZHEFRQWHQW </html>

    H4sIACeKBVAAA8soKSmw0tcvLy-XS0pM0UvOz9VPy8xJNdRLrUgFADXOOVIcAAAA.bad.com H4sIACeKBVAAA8soKSmw0tcvLy-XS0pM0UvOz9VPy8xJNdJLrUgFAOW0mRUcAAAA.bad.com H4sIACeKBVAAA8soKSmw0tcvLy-XS0pM0UvOz9VPy8xJNdZLrUgFAFWd_SgcAAAA.bad.com H4sIACeKBVAAA8soKSmw0tcvLy-XS0pM0UvOz9VPy8xJNdFLrUgFAEVB2ZocAAAA.bad.com H4sIACeKBVAAA8soKSmw0tcvLy-XS0pM0UvOz9VPy8xJNdVLrUgFAPVouaccAAAA.bad.com

    Incident response is fast


    Scope is initially unknown

    Detections cannot wait


    Often information is incomplete

    Reverse Engineering can be slow


    Complex code is laborious and time-consuming

    Bandwidth may not accommodate all

    specimens in need of analysis short-cut

    Tactical profiling of network activity needs a

    Protocol Reverse Engineering


    PRE is the process of extracting the structure, attributes, and data from a network protocol implementation without access to its specification

    'XDOJRDOV
    Tactical Strategic

    Network signatures

    Protocol Decoders

    Available Data
    Network activity (PCAPs)

    Client binary / source code


    Server binary / source code

    The PRE Workflow

    What Defines a Protocol?


    Structure Protocol flow Encapsulation Command list Input range Output range Encoding

    Easy example... ?
    Below is a pcap from an iMessage WUDQVPLVVLRQ

    22:08:00.050911 IP 10.0.0.116.22 > 10.0.0.100.60518: Flags [P.], seq 49:177, ack 48, win 8192, options [nop,nop,TS val 515235000 ecr 683597755], length 128 0x0000: 4510 00b4 6b48 4000 4006 ba14 0a00 0074 E...kH@.@......t 0x0010: 0a00 0064 0016 ec66 0ed8 8eae 2fb0 ec70 ...d...f..../..p 0x0020: 8018 2000 4400 0000 0101 080a 1eb5 dcb8 ....D........... 0x0030: 28be dfbb b58b e786 717d 1f3a 2a55 b828 (.......q}.:*U.( 0x0040: 230f cd47 43d7 8a14 4b4c ff85 b6ab ebfd #..GC...KL...... 0x0050: 732b 14ff 9c3b 2589 62dd 078d 5b81 da92 s+...;%.b...[... 0x0060: 850f 1d4d 9d97 8380 e642 303b 64d0 f3c5 ...M.....B0;d... 0x0070: 7bf4 186d 1487 a5f1 05f7 4607 4572 6d2a {..m......F.Erm* 0x0080: bdce c15d 0383 8f1f 4ef2 2ab0 5c68 7509 ...]....N.*.\hu. 0x0090: 128f 45f5 28c1 cc52 13d9 c1e4 620d a133 ..E.(..R....b..3 0x00a0: 880f 5cfd fd74 81c6 c920 1e18 be76 ed94 ..\..t.......v.. 0x00b0: 851c 2cba ..,.

    Where can we get this information?

    Protocol States
    Protocols may exhibit behavior differently depending on what state they are in. I divide this five ways:
    1. Idle

    2. Interactive
    3. Upload

    4. Download
    5. Errant

    Principles of Analysis & Development


    Completeness

    Correctness
    Spiral

    Configuration

    Analytical Techniques
    Entropy analysis

    Bitmasking
    Manual structure identification

    PCAP Construction
    Behavioral & Code Analysis (FOR 610)

    %DFNWRWKRVHH[DPSOHV
    <html> <!-- V0VMTCBOT1csIEFSRU4nVCBZT1UgQ0xFVkVSPw== --> ZHEFRQWHQW </html>

    H4sIACeKBVAAA8soKSmw0tcvLy-XS0pM0UvOz9VPy8xJNdRLrUgFADXOOVIcAAAA.bad.com H4sIACeKBVAAA8soKSmw0tcvLy-XS0pM0UvOz9VPy8xJNdJLrUgFAOW0mRUcAAAA.bad.com H4sIACeKBVAAA8soKSmw0tcvLy-XS0pM0UvOz9VPy8xJNdZLrUgFAFWd_SgcAAAA.bad.com H4sIACeKBVAAA8soKSmw0tcvLy-XS0pM0UvOz9VPy8xJNdFLrUgFAEVB2ZocAAAA.bad.com H4sIACeKBVAAA8soKSmw0tcvLy-XS0pM0UvOz9VPy8xJNdVLrUgFAPVouaccAAAA.bad.com

    Common encoding techniques


    Keep a look out for these!
    Base64 encoding
    LZH (zip) compression

    Hex-ASCII encoding
    Simple XOR obfuscation

    %UXWHIRUFH"

    Thank you!
    For more in-depth training on malware reverse engineering, please register for FOR 610!

    https://www.sans.org/community/event/for610- baltimore-aug-2012 For more on PRE, see http://computer- forensics.sans.org/blog/

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