1. I speak English more fluently 2. She greeted me most politely 3. She smiled more happily 4.

This girl dances most gracefully 5. Could you write more clearly 6. Planes can fly higher

more fluently

now than last year. of all.

than before. of all. ? than birds. than before.

7. He had an accident last year. Now, he drives more carefully 8. Jim can run faster 9. Our team played worst 10. He worked harder than John. of all. than ever before.

Irregular comparisons
positive comparative superlative well better best badly worse worst ill worse worst little less least much more most far (place + time) further furthest far (place) farther farthest late (time) later latest [1] Engleska glagolska vremena u aktivu

(1) Sadanja vremena

1. Present Simple

a) nain graenja:

--> za prvo i drugo lice jednine i sva lica mnoine: od infinitiva glagola (go, work, speak, study). --> za trede lice jednine se na infinitiv dodaje nastavak "s" ili "es". (goes, works, speaks, studies). * Ako se glagol zavrava na "ss", "sh" "ch", "x" ili "o", u tredem licu jednine se dodaje "es" na infinitiv (kiss - kisses, finish - finishes, watch - watches, mix - mixes, go goes). * Ako se glagol zavrava na "y", u tredem licu jednine se "y" menja u "i" i dodaje se nastavak "es". (study - studies, copy - copies, try - tries, carry - carries)

b) upotreba: - za opis radnji koje se ponavljaju (+ predstavljanje navika): Blue gets up at 6 o'clock every morning. - za opis relativno trajnih (permamentnih) stanja: An AMF fights malware. - za opis generalnih istina: The Earth moves around the Sun. - za opis linih osobina: Saten likes chocolate. - za opis naunih injenica: Water boils at 100C. - za predstavljanje naslova u novinama: George Clooney's pet pig heads to Hog Heaven - za opis fiksnog reda vonje: The train leaves at 9.30 AM - kada govorimo o ljudima i stvarima u optem smislu: People make choices because they can't have everything they want. - kada dajemo instrukcije: Pour all ingredients into a mixing bowl and mix until smooth.

2. Present Continuous

a) nain graenja: --> prezent od pomodnog glagola "to be" + Present Participle glavnog glagola.

// oblik: infinitiv + ing se naziva Present Participle.

b) upotreba: - za opis akcija koje se deavaju u trenutku govora: Look, XY is trolling again. - za opis tekudeg procesa koji traje (ali se ne deava ba u trenutku govora): I am studying Medicine. - za opis planirane akcije u bududnosti: Srki is buying a car this week. - za opis privremenih akcija koje se deavaju u nekom vremenskom periodu (today, this week, this semester, this year): I'm living with my parents at the moment but soon I'll buy my own house. - za opis tekudih trendova: MyCity is rising constantly because of forum quality. - za opis radnji koje se ponavljaju i koje su iritantne za govornika: Aca is always getting into trouble in school.

3. Present Perfect

a) nain graenja: --> prezent pomodnog glagola "to have" + Past Participle glavnog glagola. //Past Participle se gradi kao "infinitiv" + "ed", kod pravilnih glagola. Kod nepravilnih treba pogledati i nauiti particip (III kolona iz tabele nepravilnih glagola).

b) upotreba: - za opis akcija zapoetih u prolosti, a koje su se upravo zavrile: I have just written my article. - za opis akcija koje su se desile u prolosti, sa vidljivim posledicama: I have twisted my ankle. - esto se koristi kada se ne pominju vremenske odrednice: Gerry has failed his exam again.

- za opis akcija koje su se desile u skorije vreme: Ben has just arrived in Victoria. - upotreba sa "for" i "since": * for - za oznaavanje vremenskog perioda: Greg has lived here for 20 years. * since - za oznaavanje poetka perioda: Greg has lived here since 1978. - za diskusiju o generalnom ivotnom iskustvu: Have you ever worked abroad? - za posmatrane akcije koje su se ved jednom desile u prolosti: She has already printed this page.

4. Present Perfect Continuous

a) nain graenja: --> present perfect od pomodnog glagola "to be" (dakle, have been ili has been) + present participle glavnog glagola.

b) upotreba: - za opis radnji koje su trajale neko vreme u prolosti i skoro zavrile (sa vidljivim rezultatom): I'm tired because I've been running. - za opis akcija koje su poele u prolosti i jo traju (esto se koriste "for" i "since"): I have been reading for 2 hours. - prilikom opisa nedovrenih radnji (u sprezi sa Present Perfect Tense): I have been cleaning the house but I still havent finished. - za naglaavanje trajanja aktivnosti: I have been writing letters all morning.

(2) Prola vremena

1. Past Simple (Preterite)

a) nain graenja: Potvrdni oblik *++: gradi se od prolog vremena glagola, koji se kod pravilnih glagola dobija dodavanjem nastavka -ed na infinitiv (ili nastavka -d kad se infinitiv zavrava na -e). Kod nepravilnih glagola, prolo vreme se "ui napamet", i to je druga kolona iz tabele nepravilnih glagola. * Primer sa pravilnim glagolom: "I helped." * Primer sa nepravilnim glagolom: "I saw an interesting post yesterday."

Odrini oblik *-+: gradi se tako to se na odrian oblik prolog vremena glagola "to do" (did not ili skradeno didn't) doda infinitiv glavnog glagola. Primer: "I didn't pay my rent."

Upitni oblik *?+: gradi se pomodu prolog vremena glagola to do (dakle did) i glavnog glagola u infinitivu, s tim da --> prvo ide pomodni glagol, pa subjekat pa glavni glagol. Primer: "Did you go?" Upitne reenice mogu poinjati i sa upitnim reima (when, where, what, why ). Primer 1: "When did you travel to America?" Primer 2: "Where did he go last night?"

b) upotreba: - zavrene radnje u odreeno (poznato) vreme u prolosti: Last month, I traveled to a concert in Uzice. - za nekoliko radnji u prolosti koje se dogaaju zaredom: I finished work, went to Rzav, and found a nice beach. - za trajanje neke radnje u prolosti: We talked on the phone for half an hour. - za neku naviku iz prolosti: I worked in a bar after school. - za neke injenice iz prolosti: He didn't like tomatoes before. - za neke reenice sa uslovom, koje poinju sa when: When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.

2. Past Continuous

a) nain graenja: Potvrdni oblik *++: gradi se tako to na prolo vreme glagola to be (was ili were) dodamo particip prezenta glavnog glagola. //particip prezenta se gradi dodavanjem nastavka -ing na infinitiv. Primer 1 (sa was): "She was reading." Primer 2 (sa were): "We were playing." Odrini oblik *-+: gradi se isto kao i potvrdni oblik s tim to na was ili were dodajemo not (was not ili wasn't i were not ili weren't) Primer: "She was not/wasn't reading. " Upitni oblik *?+: gradi se inverzijom, odnosno menjanjem mesta subjekta i prolog vremena glagola "to be" u reenici. Primer: "Was she playing?". b) upotreba: - prekinuta radnja u prolosti: I was watching TV when she called. - dve istovremene radnje u prolosti: I was studying while he was making dinner. - konstantno ponavljanje neke iritirajude radnje u prolosti (najesce rei su always ili constantly): He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.

Vano: Razlikujte Past Continuous i Past Simple! Past Simple: "Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner." To znai da je radnja poela tano u 18h. Past Continuous: "Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner." To znai da je radnja poela pre, ali da je trajala i u 18h.

Takoe, razlikujte i ove dve upotrebe Past Simple-a i Continuous-a: Past Simple: "I was studying when she called." Past Continuous: "While I was studying, she called."

3. Past Perfect (Pluperfect)

a) nain graenja: Potvrdni oblik *++: gradi se od prolog vremena glagola "to have" (had) i prolog participa glagola. //proli particip glagola moe biti pravilan (gradi se dodavanjem nastavka -ed na infinitiv), ili nepravilan (treda kolona u tabeli nepravilnih glagola). Primer: "I had saved my document before the computer crashed. " Odrini oblik *-+: gradi se isto kao i potvrdni oblik s tim to na had dodajemo not(had not) Primer: "You had not studied English before you moved to New York. " Upitni oblik [?]: gradi se inverzijom, odnosno menjanjem mesta subjekta i prolog vremena glagola "to have" u reenici. Primer: "You had not studied English before you moved to New York?"

b) upotreba: - upotrebljava se za radnju koja se zavrila pre neke druge radnje I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai. - trajanje neke radnje u prolosti pre neke druge (kod svrenih glagola): We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. - tano odreeno vreme neke radnje: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. * za razliku od Present Perfect-a, uz Past Perfect je mogude koristiti tane vremenske odrednice. Iako je mogude, najede nije potrebno.

Napomene: Ako u reenici postoji before/after, mogude je Past Perfect zameniti Past Simple-om: She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. Obe reenice su pravilne.

Obrati panju! Ako se ne naglasi tano vreme u reenici, Past Simple ne moe zameniti Past Perfect. She never saw a bear before she moved to Alaska. She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska.

4. Past Perfect Continuous

a) nain graenja: Potvrdni oblik *++: gradi se od prolog vremena glagola "to have" (had) , prolog participa glagola "to be" (been) i sadanjeg participa glavnog glagola. Primer: "You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived. " Odrini oblik *-+: gradi se isto kao i potvrdni oblik s tim to na had dodajemo not(had not) Primer: "You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived." Upitni oblik [?]: gradi se inverzijom, odnosno menjanjem mesta subjekta i prolog vremena glagola "to have" u reenici. Primer: "Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived?"

b) upotreba: - trajanje neke radnje u prolosti pre neke druge: They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived. - razlog za neto u prolosti: Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.

Past Continuous vs. Past Perfect Continuous Ako se u reenici ne nae neka re koja odreuje duinu radnje, englezi koriste Past Continuous ede nego Past Perfect Continuous. Budite oprezni jer to moe promeniti znaenje reenice. --> Past Continuous naglaava prekinute radnje, --> dok Past Perfect Continuous naglaava trajanje radnje pre neke druge. Prouite primere ispod da biste shvatili razliku. Primeri: He was tired because he was exercising so hard. Ova reenica nam pokazuje da je on bio umoran zato sto je vebao u tom momentu. He was tired because he had been exercising so hard.

Ova reenica nam pokazuje da je on bio umoran zato sto je vebao due vreme. Mogude je da i dalje veba, ili da je upravo zavrio sa vebanjem.

(3) Bududa vremena

1. Future Simple

a) nain graenja: Gradi se od pomodnog glagola will/shall + infinitiv glavnog glagola. * shall se moe koristiti u prvom licu jednine i mnoine (nije greka ako se stavi will).

b) upotreba: - za radnju koja de se desiti u bududnosti u odreeno vreme He will get up at 6 AM. - za dobrovoljnu akciju I will get you some juice. - za davanje obedanja I will call you, as soon as I return from Parise. - za izraavanje planske odluke I will spend my vacation in Egypt.

2. Future Continuous

a) nain graenja: Gradi se od pomodnog glagola will + pomodni glagol to be + present participle glavnog glagola.

b) upotreba:

- Trajno budude vreme oznaava radnju koja de trajati izvesno vreme u bududnosti. I will be playing rugby at 9 am tomorrow. It will be raining when you return.

3. Future Perfect

a) nain graenja: Gradi se od pomodnog glagola will + pomodni glagol to have + past participle glavnog glagola

b) upotreba: - za radnju koja de se desiti pre neke druge radnje u bududnosti When you arrive, the bus will have left. - za radnju koja de se desiti i zavriti do odreenog vremena u bududnosti They will have left the library by 4 PM.

4. Future Perfect Continuous

a) nain graenja: Gradi se od pomodnog glagola will + pomodni glagol to have + past participle od glagola to be + present participle glavnog glagola.

b) upotreba: - za izraavanje radnje koja traje, i trajade do odreenog bududeg vremena ili trenutka u bududnosti, a ne u nekom odreenom trenutku u bududnosti. At 8 PM, I will have been working for 12 hours

[2] Pregled ekvivalenata u pasivu

Glagoli imaju dva stanja: a) aktiv (radno stanje) b) pasiv (trpno stanje). * Ako subjekat reenice vri radnju, glagol je u aktivu. Mcrule plays basketball every day. * Ako subjekat reenice trpi radnju, glagol je u pasivu. Basketball is played every day. Nain graenja: --> objekat aktivne reenice (basketball) postaje subjekat pasivne reenice --> gradi se od odgovarajudeg vremena od glagola to be + past participle glavnog glagola. * "odgovarajude vreme" glagola to be, je konzistentno sa vrstom vremena koje se koristi u aktivnoj reenici. // gore, u primeru, glagol aktiva je bio u Present Simple Tense (plays), pa je zbog toga u oblik u pasivu is played. za ostale oblike pasiva, pogledati tabelu.