MODERN BIOLOGY (BT 101) Quiz 2, 13.04.2011 1. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Glycolysis is controlled by allosteric inhibition B) Pyruvic acid is an end-product of fermentation in absence of oxygen C) Pyruvate dehydrogenase is a multienzyme complex Ans: Pyruvic acid is an end-product of fermentation in absence of oxygen Hint: Slides 19 and 20 of http://shilloi.iitg.ernet.in/~biotech/BT101/metabolism.pdf 2. Enzymes catalyzing oxidative phosphorylation are primarily present in: A) Inner Mitochondrial Membrane B) Endoplasmic reticulum C) Ribosomes Ans: Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Hint: Slide 41, http://shilloi.iitg.ernet.in/~biotech/BT101/metabolism.pdf 3. Glycolysis is increased by: A) Glucagon Ans: Insulin Hint: Slide 27, 30, 31, http://shilloi.iitg.ernet.in/~biotech/BT101/metabolism.pdf 4. Fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate is formed by the action of A) Phosphofructokinase-1 B) Phosphofructokinase-2 C) Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase Ans: Phosphofructokinase-2 Hint: Slide 30, http://shilloi.iitg.ernet.in/~biotech/BT101/metabolism.pdf 5. X45 is a small peptide produced by a bacterium which can create a pore in the mitochondrial membranes through which H+ can flow. Treatment of human cells growing in a flask with X45 will lead to: A) Inhibition of Glycolysis in these cells B) Reduced energy production in these cells C) Massive growth of these cells Ans: Reduced energy production in these cells Hint: Slide 41, http://shilloi.iitg.ernet.in/~biotech/BT101/metabolism.pdf B) Heparin C) Insulin

6. A protein gets degraded by hydrolysis which follows first order kinetics. The first order rate constant for degradation of this protein is 0.035 per hr. Calculate the half life of this protein. A) Approximately 50 hr Ans: Approximately 20 hr Hint: Slide 5, http://shilloi.iitg.ernet.in/~biotech/BT101/kinetics1.pdf 7. The dissociation constant of a ligand binding to a receptor is 10-9 M. The rate constant for dissociation is 10-4 1/sec. What is the association rate constant for this ligand? A) 105 1/M.sec Ans: 105 1/M.sec Hint: Slide 7, http://shilloi.iitg.ernet.in/~biotech/BT101/kinetics2.pdf 8. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Decrease in pH reduces oxygen binding affinity of Hemoglobin B) Hemoglobin can be in two different states with varying affinity for oxygen C) Formation of Carbamate increases oxygen binding affinity of Hemoglobin Ans: Formation of Carbamate increases oxygen binding affinity of Hemoglobin Hint: slide 20, http://shilloi.iitg.ernet.in/~biotech/BT101/kinetics4.pdf 9. The oxygen binding behavior of Hemoglobin in presence /absence of a drug G67 is shown here. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) G67 increases the affinity of Hemoglobin for Oxygen B) G67 decreases the affinity of Hemoglobin for Oxygen C) G67 increases the number of oxygen molecules that can bind to Hemoglobin B) 105 1/sec C) 10-13 1/sec B) Approximately 20 hr C) Approximately 5 hr

Ans: G67 decreases the affinity of Hemoglobin for Oxygen Hint: slide 11, http://shilloi.iitg.ernet.in/~biotech/BT101/kinetics4.pdf

10. Lineweaver-Burk plots for two enzymes E1 and E2 are shown bellow. Both of these enzymes follow Michaelis Menten kinetics. MichaelisMenten constants for E1 and E2 are K1 and K2 respectively. Which of the following is TRUE? A) K1 > K2 B) K1 < K2 C) K1 = K2

Ans: K1 > K2 Hint: slide 34, http://shilloi.iitg.ernet.in/~biotech/BT101/kinetics4.pdf 11. Which RNA molecule is small and has a very specific secondary and tertiary structure so that it can bind an amino acid at one end and messenger RNA at the other?

A) RNA nucleotide
Ans: transfer RNA

B) transfer RNA

C) ribosomal RNA

12. The defective protein causing sickle cell anemia is caused by the substitution of one nucleotide in the gene HBB on chromosome number 11, resulting in the change of the amino acid glutamic acid to valine. This is an example of what kind of mutation?

A) missense
Ans: missense

B) nonsense

C) frameshift

13. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, infects only cells with the CD4 receptor protein in their outer cell membranes. Why do some cells in the human body have the CD4 protein while others do not? A) Cells with CD4 protein have mutated. B) The CD4 gene is active only in certain cells. C) Cells with CD4 proteins are aneuploid. Ans: The CD4 gene is active only in certain cells. 14. Normally, cells lose a bit of the tips of their chromosomes each time they go through a cell cycle. When the tips of the chromosomes degrade too much the DNA can no longer be replicated and the cell can no longer divide. Cancer cells avoid this problem and continue to divide indefinitely by producing:

A) DNA polymerase
Ans: telomerase

B) RNA polymerase

C) Telomerase

15. Sequencing of a 5 base-long segment of DNA using the Sanger method produced the set of DNA fragments listed below. Each fragment ends with the fluorescent dideoxynucleotide indicated by the letters A, C, G, or T. Construct the sequence of this complementary strand and determine the sequence of the ORIGINAL DNA molecule. Complementary DNA Fragments produced during sequencing: O-O-C O-O-O-O-G O-T O-O-O-A A

Choose the Original DNA Sequence A) 5 A-T-C-A-G 3 Ans : 5 C-T-G-A-T 3 16. Shania Twain produced a two-disk set of original songs. One disk is a collection of nineteen songs, performed in a country style. The other disk includes the same nineteen songs in the same order, but performed in a "pop" style. If we think of music CDs as being analogous to chromosomes, these two disks would be analogous to ____________________ B) 5 T-A-G-T-C 3 C) 5 C-T-G-A-T 3

A) sister chromatids B) different numbered chromosomes C) homologous chromosomes

Ans: homologous chromosomes 17. One complete turn of the double helix contains 10 pairs of bases and is 3.4 nm long. What is the approximate length of the DNA coding sequence of lysozyme, a protein of 129 amino acids? A) 132 nm Ans: 132nm 18. Neuromuscular junction is a specialised A) electric synapse B) chemical synapse Ans: chemical synapse 19. The diagram shows the structure of a neuromuscular junction. Identify structure G C) ephaptic coupling B) 113 nm C) 129 nm

A) Post synaptic membrane Ans: Post synaptic membrane

B) Synaptic vesicle

C) Motor neuron

20. The resting membrane potential of a motor neuron at a neuromuscular junction is around -50mV. What would happen to the action potential when they are depolarised? A) increases Ans: increases B) decreases C) do not change