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The Early English Caribbean, 15701700

Editors: Carla Gardina Pestana and Sharon V Salinger
4 Volume Set: c.1600pp: December 2014 978 1 84893 435 1: 234x156mm: 350/$625

The West Indies has captured the English imagination since the beginning of the sixteenth century. Though initially claimed by Spain, the English, French and Dutch were also keen to exploit the islands and their wealth. The Caribbean held both enormous potential and serious danger. Pirates, drawn by the possibility of riches, operated in the region, disease and disaster were rife and the Spanish were prepared to defend their colonies by force. In spite of such obstacles England established plantations on a number of Caribbean islands in the 1620s, before Oliver Cromwell began an ambitious military campaign to take the islands in 1655. Englands Caribbean colonies became the most profitable of her New World empire. Merchants and settlers arrived and bought land, they set up plantations, they traded in sugar and slaves. This four-volume collection brings together rare pamphlets from the formative years of the English involvement in the Caribbean. Through these writings the Caribbean became known and discussed in the drawing rooms and coffee-houses of England. Organized thematically, texts cover first impressions of the region, rivalries between European traders and settlers, labour, governance, religion, natural history and the experience of everyday life in the colonies. It will be of interest to those researching the early Caribbean, empire and colonization, Atlantic studies, maritime history, piracy and the history of slavery.

Quaker tobacco planters in the Bahamas, c.1700 Mary Evans Picture Library

Contains over one hundred rare texts, most published in full Sources include pamphlets, sermons, letters, broadsides, official memoranda and government acts Editorial apparatus includes a substantial general introduction, volume introductions, headnotes and endnotes A consolidated index appears in the final volume

Editors
Carla Gardina Pestana is the Joyce Appleby Chair of History at UCLA Sharon V Salinger is Dean of Undergraduate Education and Professor of History at the University of California, Irvine

PUBLISHERS

PICKERING & CHATTO

Contents
Volume 1: Conceptualizing the West Indies
The texts in this volume chart the growth of English interest in the West Indies, as seen through the publications of the time. Beginning with the Spanish discovery and colonization there followed reports of Spanish cruelty. Gradually the English started to make incursions into the area and this new era of colonization is reflected in the sources. Later publications document the landscape of the islands, the native inhabitants and the other settlers who began to arrive.
George Abbot, A Briefe Description of the Whole World (1664)*; Martin Fernandez de Enciso, A Briefe Description of the Portes, Creekes, Bayes, and Hauens, of the Weast India (1578); Antonio Galvao, The Discoveries of the World ... Yeere of Our Lord 1555 (1601)*; John Gadbury, The WestIndia or Jamaica almanack 1674 ([1673])*; Robert Hunt, The island of Assada, near Madagascar impartially defined ([1650]); Vincent Leblanc, The World Surveyed (1660)*; Arnoldus Montanus, America: Being the Latest, and Most Accurate Description of the New World (1670)*; John Nicholl, An Houre Glasse of Indian Newes (1607); Charles de Rochefort, The History of Barbados, St Christophers, Mevis, St Vincents, Antego, Martinico, Monserrat, and the Rest of the CaribbyIslands (1666)* This Commonwealth, the Justice of Their Cause Against Spain (1655); Edward Doyley, A Brief Relation of a Victory ... in the Island of Jamaica (1659); [Edward Doyley], A Narrative Of the Great Success God hath been pleased to give His Highness Forces in Jamaica, against the King of Spains Forces (1658); I S, A Brief and Perfect Journal of the Late Proceedings and Successe of the English Army in the West-Indies (1655); Henry Savile, A Libell of Spanish Lies: Found at the Sacke of Cales, Discoursing the Fight in the West Indies, Twixt the English Nauie Being Fourteene Ships and Pinasses, and a Fleete of Twentie Saile of the King of Spaines, and of the Death of Sir Francis Drake (1596); Thomas Scott, An Experimentall Discoverie of Spanish Practises or the counsell of a well-wishing Souldier for the good of his Prince and State (1623)*; Thomas Scott, The Spaniards Cruelty and Treachery to the English in the Time of Peace and War (1656)*; Thomas Scott, A True and Faithful Relation of the Proceedings of the Forces of Their Majesties K. William and Q. Mary, in Their Expedition against the French, in the Caribby Islands in the West-Indies (1691); John Tosier, A letter from Captain John Tosier, commander of His Majesties ship the Hunter at Jamaica. With a narrative of his embassy ... to ... Havannah, to demand His Majesty of Great Brittains subjects kept prisoners there (1679) Trade: Anon., A brief account of the present declining state of the West-Indies: in reference to its trade and in particular, that of the Barbadoes (1695); Anon., By the merchants owners of ships and mariners, trading to His Majesties sugar-plantations (c.1660); Anon., The case of the refiners of sugar in England (c.1670); Anon., The case of the refiners of sugar in England, stated (c.1670); Anon., A discourse of the duties on merchandize, more particularly of that on sugars (1695); Anon., The interest of the nation, as it respects all the sugar-plantations abroad, and refining of sugars at home (1691); Anon., The Irregular and Disorderly State of the Plantation Trade ([1695]); Anon., The present case of a Barbados planter, and reasons against laying a further duty on sugar ([1695]); Anon., Reasons humbly offered (in behalf of the island of Barbados) to the Honorable House of Commons against laying a further duty on sugar ([1695]); Anon., Reasons humbly offered against laying a farther imposition upon sugar ([c.1695]); Anon., The state of the case of the sugar plantations in America (c.1698); Anon., A state of the present condition of the island of Barbadoes: with some reasons, why there ought not to be any more duties or imposts laid on sugars ([c.1698]); Edward Littleton, The Groans of the Plantations: Or A True Account of Their Grievous and Extreme Sufferings by the Heavy Impositions Upon Sugar, and Other Hardships (1689) Imperial Governance: Anon., Bloudy Newes from the Barbadaes (1652)*; Anon., The case of Samuel Hanson, merchant and planter in Barbados ([1684]); Anon., Certaine Inducements To well minded People (c.1643); Anon., A full and True Account of the Beseiging and Taking of Carrickfergus by the Duke of Schomberg. As also a Relation of what has lately passd in the Islands of Antego, Mevis, and Montserrat in the West Indies Where Their Majesties have been Solemnly Proclaimd (1689)*; Anon., A letter to S[ir] C. M. a member of Parliament, from an inhabitant of the island of Barbadoes (c.1700); A B, A Brief Relation of the Beginning and Ending of the Troubles of the Barbados, With the true Causes thereof (1653); Aphra Behn, To the most illustrious Prince Christopher duke of Albemarle, on his voyage to his government of Jamaica. A pindarick (1687); Barbados, A Declaration set forth by the Lord Lieutenant Generall the Gentlemen of the Councell & assembly occasioned from the view of a printed paper (1651); Charles II, By the King. A Proclamation for the Encouraging of Planters in His Majesties Island of Jamaica in the West-Indies (1661); Oliver Cromwell, A Proclamation Giving Encouragement to such as shall transplant themselves to Jamaica (1655); Daniel Gookin, To all Persons whom these may Concern, in the Several Townes, and Plantations of the United Colonies, in New England (1656); T H, A true and exact narrative of the proceedings of the Parliaments fleet, against the island of Barbadoes (1652); Sir Thomas Lynch, A narrative of affairs lately received from His Majesties island of Jamaica (1683)

Volume 2: Fitting Into the Empire

This volume documents the political situation in the Caribbean within the context of imperial rivalries. The Spanish tried to repulse all other newcomers, and by the 1660s territorial disputes between the English, the French and the Dutch were commonplace. Eventually, English, French, Dutch, Portuguese and Spanish territories were established, ushering in a new era of small colonial outposts. Trading networks were built up, with sugar becoming the main export and the source of both wealth and controversy. Documents attest to the strong feelings provoked by the high duty on sugar as well as giving an insight into the day-to-day problems of managing plantations. New territories required new systems of governance. Issues surrounding these were reported and discussed in various publications aimed at an English readership. Printed compilations of colonial laws also gave readers back in England the chance to gain insights into the whole legal framework needed to meet the needs of Caribbean settlements. Proclamations by both Charles II and Oliver Cromwell encouraging people to settle in the Caribbean are included alongside writings by Aphra Behn, (author of Oroonoko (1688) which she wrote after visiting Surinam), and Sir Thomas Lynch, Governor of Jamaica.
Imperial Rivalries: Anon., A book of the continuation of forreign passages (1657)*; Anon., A Dialogue, containing a Compendious Discourse concerning the Present Designe in the West-Indies (1655); Anon., A great and wonderful Victory Obtained by the English Forces, under the Command of General Pen, and Gen. Venables, against the French, and others, In the West Indies (1655); Anon., Sad and dreadful news from New-England, being a true relation of the barbarous cruelty lately committed by the Spaniards upon the English (1684); Anon., Three Great and Bloody Fights between the English and the French (1655); Anon., A True and faithful account of an intire and absolute victory over the French fleet in the West-Indies by two East-India ships and other vessels at Barbadoes (1690); Anon., Two Famous Sea-Fights (1639)*; E B [Peter Constant], A letter sent from Barbados to a friend in London. Being a true relation of the surrender of the island of Tobago (1673); Alonso de Cardenas, A Speech, or Complaint, Lately Made by the Spanish Embassadour to His Majestie at Oxford, Upon Occasion of the Taking of a Ship Called Sancta Clara in the Port of Sancto Domingo (1643); Charles II, Articles of peace & alliance between ... Charles II ... and ... Lewis XIV (1667); Charles II, A Treaty for the Composing of Differences, Restraining of Depredations, and Establishing of Peace in America, between the Crowns of Great Britain and Spain (1670); Oliver Cromwell, A Declaration of His Highnes, ... on the Behalf of

Volume 3: Living in the Caribbean

Once settlements were firmly established articles began to appear promoting the way of life to those back at home. Numerous texts advertised the climate, the crops and the social life, and the recruitment of settlers generated a literature offering land, liberty and other benefits to those who migrated. Recruiting labour on the islands presented a particular problem. A transatlantic trade in servants was developed initially and some groups, including Quakers, and those convicted after the Monmouth Rebellion, were coerced into settling, but in the end the colonists came to rely on slavery. Sources document the growing involvement of English traders in the sale of enslaved Africans as well as the development of laws and the administration of justice on the islands.
Settling: Anon., The present state of Jamaica. With The life of the great Columbus the first discoverer (1683)*; Anon., A true description of Jamaica, with the fertility, commodities, and healthfulness of the place (1657); E[dmund] H[ickeringill], Jamaica Viewed, 2nd edn (1661)*; Jamaica Assembly, The laws of Jamaica ... confirmed ... To which is added, The state of Jamaica ... under the government of Sir Thomas Lynch (1683)*; John Poyntz, The Present Prospect of the Famous and Fertile Island of Tobago to the Southward of Barbadoes, 2nd edn (1683); Thomas Trapham, A Discourse of the State of Health in the Island of Jamaica (1679)* Labour: Anon., A brief, but most true relation of the late barbarous and bloody plot of the Negros in the island of Barbados (1693); Anon., News from Jamaica in a Letter from Port Royal (1671); Anon., One cry more of the innocent and oppressed for justice: being A fourth relation of the unjust proceedings of the magistrates in ... London ... against ... Quakers (1665); Anon., A true and impartial naration of the remarkable providences of the living God of heaven and earth, appearing for us ... Quakers (1664); James Hay Carlisle, A declaration by James, Earl of Carlile, Lord of the Caribee Islands (1647); John Coad, A Contemporary Account of the Sufferings of the Rebels Sentenced by Judge Jefferies (1849)*; Henry Pitman, A Relation of the Great Sufferings and Strange Adventures of Henry Pitman, Chyrurgion to the Late Duke of Monmouth (1689); [Marcellus Rivers and Oxenbridge Foyle], Englands Slavery, or Barbados merchandize; represented in a petition to the high court of Parliament (1659); M T, A Letter from Jamaica to a friend in London, concerning kid-napping ([1682]); G W, Letter from Barbados, in Anon., A Continuation of the State of NewEngland (1676)* Local Governance: Anon., A brief and true Remonstrance of the Illegall Proceedings of Roger Osburn ... Governor of Mount-Serrat one of the Caribba Islands ([c.1654]); Barbados Assembly, Acts and statutes of the island of Barbados ... Together with the charter of the said island [c.1654]; William Byam, An exact relation of the most execrable attempts of John Allin, committed on ... Francis Lord Willoughby of Parham, captain general of Guiana and of all the Caribby-Islands (1665); Jamaica Assembly, The laws of Jamaica ... To which is added, A short account of the island and government thereof (1684)*; Robert Sanford [and William Byam], Surinam Justice. In the Case Of several persons proscribed by certain Usurpers of Power in that Colony (1662)

Volume 4: Making Meaning

The flora and fauna of the islands and their economic potential was documented in a number of tracts which also helped to promote the colony as an attractive and bountiful place to settle. Running counter to the promotional literature was a whole sub-genre on natural disasters. Hurricanes and earthquakes were relatively common, and the commentators who wrote about them did so from a variety of motives: to entertain, to shock, to warn or simply to record them. Often portrayed as irreligious, settlers engaged energetically in the religious debates of the time. Dissenters were encouraged or coerced into leaving for the colonies and a number of Quaker publications condemned the transportation of their coreligionists. Though most settlers were members of the Church of England, its textual footprint was quite small and many more dissenting tracts have survived.
Natural History: Anon., The Natural History of Coffee, Thee, Chocolate, Tobacco ... (1682)*; Richard Blome, A Description of the island of Jamaica with the other isles and territories in America (1672)*; John Gadbury, Diarium astronomicum: or, a West-India almanack (1675)*; William Hughes, The American Physitian; or, A Treatise of the Roots, Plants, Trees, Shrubs, Fruit, Herbs, etc. growing in the English Plantations in America (1672); George Warren, An impartial description of Surinam ... with a history of ... beasts, birds, fishes, serpents, insects, and customs of that colony (1667) Natural Disasters: Anon., An account of the late dreadful earthquake in the island of Mevis, St. Christophers, &c (1690); Anon., A true and perfect relation of that most sad and terrible earthquake, at Port-Royal in Jamaica ([1692]); Anon., The Truest and Largest Account of the Late Earthquake in Jamaica (1693)*; [John Bushell and Francis Bond], A true and perfect narrative of the late dreadful fire which happened at Bridge-Town in the Barbadoes ([1668]); Thomas Doolittle, Earthquakes explained and practically improved ... Jamaicas miseries shew Londons mercies (1693)*; E Heath, A full account of the late dreadful earthquake at Port Royal in Jamaica; written in two letters from the minister of that place (1692); John Taylor, Newes and strange newes from St. Christophers of a tempestuous spirit, which is called by the Indians a hurry-cano or whirlewind (1638)* Religion: Henry Adis and Francis, Lord Willoughby of Parham, A letter sent from Syrranam (1664); Anon., For the king and both houses of Parliament. Being a short relation of the sad estate and sufferings of the . . . Quakers (1661)*; Anon., A Short Account of the Manifest Hand of God That Hath Fallen Upon Several Marshals and Their Deputies Who Have Made Great Spoil and Havock of the Goods of the People Called Quakers in the Island of Barbadoes (1696); Thomas Clarke, The voice of truth, uttered forth against the unreasonablenes, rudenes, and deboistnes of the rulers, teachers and people of the island Barbados (1661); William Edmundson, A Journal of the Life, Travels, Sufferings, and Labour of Love in the Work of the Ministry, of that Worthy Elder, and Faithful Servant of Jesus Christ, William Edmundson (1715)*; John Featley, A Sermon Preached to the Nobely-Deseruing Gentleman, Sir Thomas Warner: And the Rest of His Companie: Bound to the West-Indies (1629); Lydia Fell, A Testimony and Warning ... for the Governour, Magistrates & People Inhabiting on the Island of Barbadoes (1676); [William Fortescue, et al], A Short Relation Concerning the Life and Death OF That man ... Who laid down his Body in the Island of Barbadoes (1671); George Fox, Gospel family-order, being a short discourse concerning the ordering of families, both of whites, blacks and Indians (1676)*; George Fox, To The Ministers, Teachers, And Priests, (So Called, and so Stileing Your Selves) in Barbadoes (1672)*; J L, A Sermon Preached ... at Port-Royal in Jamaica (1681); Jonas Langford, A brief account of the sufferings of the servants of the Lord called Quakers (1706); Robert Maylins, A letter which was delivered to the King ... on the behalf of many thousands in the West-Indies (1661); Richard Pinder, A loving invitation (to repentance and amendment of life) unto all the inhabitants of the island Barbados (1660); John Rous, A Warning to the Inhabitants of Barbadoes ([1656]); John Taylor, A loving & friendly invitation to all sinners to repent (1683); Joan Vokins, Gods Mighty Power Magnified (1691)*

*text is excerpted

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