Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
): ____ ( )
Secondary 4 Biology Name: ___________________
GEP Term 3 Lesson 1: Topic 5 Date: _____________
Transport In Man MS
1. Transport in Mammals: Question 1
a. Draw two large labeled diagrams to show the structure of a red cell and a white
cell in mammalian blood.
c. Name the fluid part of blood and describe its composition and functions.
Plasma composition: Water, digested food (eg. Amino acids, glucose), hormones,
minerals, vitamins, bicarbonate ions, urea, plasma proteins (eg. Fibrinogen,
prothrombin)
Function: Transport medium, carries materials, allows for clotting
c. Explain briefly how the blood defends the body against disease organisms.
White blood cells: Phagocytes ingest foreign particles that may cause disease, while
lymphocytes produce antibodies which,
1. Neutralize toxins that may be produced by disease organisms.
2. Cause agglutination of foreign particles, eg. bacteria, which are then ingested by
the phagocytes.
3. Allow foreign particles to be easily ingested by the phagocytes.
b. The pancreas
Increase in levels of insulin (if levels of glucose are higher than usual).
Increase in levels of glucagon (if levels of glucose are lower than usual).
Increase in levels of carbon dioxide, decrease in levels of oxygen.
b. How do the two parts of a double circulation differ from one another?
Pulmonary circulation: Links heart to lungs, lower pressure, slower blood flow.
Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, and
oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins.
Systemic circulation: Links heart to other parts of body, higher pressure.
Arteries branching from aortic arch carry oxygenated blood to the rest of the body,
and veins carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.
(ii) Deals with bacteria which may have entered the cut
Bacteria which enter the blood are destroyed by antibodies (produced by the
lymphocytes) which coat/cause agglutination of the bacteria, making ingestion by
phagocytes easier. Antibodies may also neutralize the toxins produced by the
bacteria.