Estimation of In-situ stress using Tunnel Deformation Measurements and Numerical Approach at CGT Ramp down, Gudang Handak

Mine, PT. Antam Tbk, UBPE - Pongkor, West Java, Indonesia

Patrick Marcell FANDY1, Made Astawa RAI, Prof.Dr.Ir.DEA1 and Budi SULISTIANTO, Dr.Ir.MT1 1Faculty of Mining and Petroleum, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung 40191, Indonesia

INTRODUCTION Ramp down is an underground mining access roadway towards ore deposit which its function is very important. Therefore, one of the most important subject in doing excavation activities or construction design is to understand the initial insitu stress condition for determining support or rock mass reinforcement in Ramp down. In this research the insitu stress magnitude is predicted from tunnel deformation measurement result using convergence measurement result, and then supported by trial & error back analyze using Phase2 2D numerical modelling software which is based on Finite Element Method (FEM). CONVERGENCE MEASUREMENT Research location is shown in figures 1, while rock parameter is given in tabel 1. Figure 3 shows the measurement sketch and measuring device. Convergence (Cn) is then calculated using Cn = l0 ln, where as l0 is the distance between 2 points at the time t0 and ln is the distance between 2 points at the time tn. Based on the tunnel deformation measurement result, it can be seen that: elongation occurs about 13.10 mm for AB, and 7.43 mm for AC, while shortness occurs about 5.48 mm for BC (see figure 4). Trial & error back analysis is then carried out using Phase2 2D software by inputing modulus elasticity (E) of rock mass into the model (given in figure 5) until the displacement output result achieves the value which close to convergence measurement result.

Figure 3. Result of relative displacement against time DISCUSSION For the value of E = 1373.5 MPa (about 20% of E lab) and major principal stress (s1) = 1.79 MPa, minor principal stress (s3) = 0 MPa and = 820 yields CAB- = -0.18 mm, CAC = 0.68 mm and CBC = 0.27 mm. In order to understand the condition of insitu stress component in research location, vertical section model perpendicular to Ramp down tunnel axis is also prepared (figure 5). Using this model and E = 1373.5 MPa, the revealed stress components at research location are major principal stress (s1) about 1.79 MPa, minor principal stress (s3) about 0.33 MPa and the major principal stress direction about 820.

Gudang Handak Mine Portal

CGT Ramp down

CGT Ramp down

(b) (a)
Figure 5. Result of stress trajectories modeling at observed location Figure 1. Topography and location of Research Figure 2. a). Digital tape extensometer type E3 from Soil Instruments Ltd., b). Convergence measurement type Figure 4. 2D Model of Ramp Down Tunnel

CONCLUSSION From this research it can be seen about the similarity between stress component produced from back analysis and the result from calculation at vertical section. Therefore, it can be concluded that the convergence result can be used for predicting the insitu stresses ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Author would like to thank the Management of PT. Antam. Tbk, UBPE Pongkor, who have given permission to the author to conduct this research. The authors also thanks to the members of Geomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mining Engineering ITB for their help. REFERENCES Brady, B.H.G. and Brown, E.T. , 1985, Rock Mechanics for Underground M ining, George Allen & Unwin, London Hoek, E., and Brown, E.T., 1980, Underground Excavations in Rock, The I nstitution of Mining and Metallurgy, London. Rocscience, 1998 2001, Phase2 Users Guide

Table 1. Physical and mechanical properties of rocks at CGT Ramp down

Sample Code RD Uniaxial Compressive Strength test Types of Rock c E (MPa) (MPa) Tuff Lapili 33.22 6487.29 0.2 Triaxial Test c (MPa) 1.25 Density

(MPa) (ton/m3) 31.29 2.5

Note: c = Uniaxial compressive strength, E = Modulus of elasticity, = Poisson ratio, c = cohesion , = friction angle, = Rock density

Based on the tunnel deformation measurement result, it can be seen that: elongation occurs about 13.10 mm for AB, and 7.43 mm for AC, while shortness occurs about 5.48 mm for BC (see figure 3). Trial & error back analysis is then carried out using Phase2 2D software by inputing modulus elasticity (E) of rock mass into the model (given in figure 4) until the displacement output result achieves the value which close to convergence measurement result.

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