Faults and Mountains

Good day students! Do you know how mountains were form? And how faults are also form. Mountains can be explained as landforms that rise well above the surrounding land for a limited area in the form of a peak. This module will help you learn more about this. As you do the Activities and exercises in the module, you will be able to: 1. Describe and Understand Faults and Mountains. 2. Know the kinds of Faults and Mountains.
I. Pre-test:

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. ______ It is formed when two continental tectonic plates collide and their edges crumble to form mountains. a) Fold Mountains c) Volcanic Mountains b) Fault-Block Mountains d) Plateau Mountains 2. ______ These Mountains are formed when large amounts of molten rock or magma push the earths crust from underneath. a) Fold Mountains c) Volcanic Mountains b) Dome Mountains d) Plateau Mountains 3. ______ These are large areas of high levels of flat land, over 600 meters above sea level formed due to earths internal activity. a) Fold Mountains c) Volcanic Mountains b) Fault-Block Mountains d) Plateau Mountains 4. ______ These Mountains are created when faults or cracks in the Earth's crust force materials or blocks of rocks upward or down. a) Fold Mountains c) Volcanic Mountains b) Fault-Block Mountains d) Plateau Mountains 5. ______ They are created when magma pushes its way from beneath the earth to the crust. a) Fold Mountains c) Volcanic Mountains b) Fault-Block Mountains d) Plateau Mountains

Check your answers with your Teacher. Then, move on to. What you Need to Know.

There are five basic kinds of mountains: Fold Mountains: These are the most common types of mountains. These are formed when two continental tectonic plates collide and their edges crumble to form mountains. The crust is uplifted forming folds on top of the other. Vast mountain ranges stretching across thousands of kilometres are Fold Mountains. The Himalayan Mountains in Asia are examples of Fold Mountains. Fault-Block Mountains: The Fault-block Mountains or block mountains are created when faults or cracks in the Earth's crust force materials or blocks of rocks upward or down. The uplifted blocks are Block Mountains or horsts. The intervening dropped blocks are called graben, which can be small or form rift valley systems. These block mountains break up into chunks or blocks and move either up or down. When they move apart blocks of rock get stacked on one another Fault-block Mountains usually have a steep front side and then a sloping back side. The Harz Mountains in Germany are examples of Fault-Block Mountains. Dome Mountains: Dome Mountains are also called Upwarped Mountains. These mountains are formed when large amounts of molten rock or magma push the earths crust from underneath. The magma in this case never reaches the top surface of the earth. So even before it can erupt the source of magma goes away leaving the pushed up Rock as such. This rock then cools and forms a mountain. With time the mountain forms a dome shape, where it gets warped due to erosion. The Black hills of South Dakota in the USA are examples for Dome Mountains. Volcanic mountains: Volcanic mountains are created by volcanoes as the name suggests. They are created when magma pushes its way from beneath the earth to the crust, and when it reaches the surface, it erupts as lava, ash, rocks and volcanic gases. These erupting materials build around the vent through which they erupted. These mountains are then shaped by further eruptions, lava flows, and collapses. Mount Fuji in Japan, Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea on the Big Island of Hawaii are examples of volcanic mountains. Plateau Mountains: Plateau Mountains are formed by Erosion. These are large areas of high levels of flat land, over 600 meters above sea level formed due to earths internal activity. Over billions of years, the rivers can cut deep into a plateau and make tall mountains. These mountains are found near Fold Mountains. The mountains in the Catskills of New York are examples of Plateau Mountains.

II. Post Test: a. Activity 1

Direction: Study and Explain how mountains are formed. (10 pts.)

b. Activity 2
Mountains can be explained as landforms that rise well above the surrounding land for a limited area in the form of a peak. Mountains are steeper, larger and taller than hills and are more than 600 metres in height. Mountainous regions are called montane.Many mountains are so high that they reach the colder layers of the atmosphere. This fact leads to different climates forests, flora and fauna in the same mountain. Mountain life is less preferable due to harsh climates, less suitability for agriculture and also less oxygen as we go higher up. How are these mountains formed? The Earth's crust is made up of 6 huge slabs called plates, which fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. When two slabs of the earth's crust smash into each other the land can be pushed upwards, forming mountains. Many of the greatest mountain ranges of the world have formed because of enormous collisions between continents. Convergence due to converging plates can be either continental-oceanic convergence, oceanic-oceanic convergence or continental-continental convergence. When a plate of continental crust converges with a plate of oceanic crust, the heavier oceanic crust will move under the continental crust and this process is called subduction. This is the process through which mountains and volcanoes are formed when the subducted oceanic crust is melted and recycled to the surface (e.g. West coast of North and South America). When a place of oceanic crust converges with another plate of oceanic crust, the older crust will subduct under the newer crust that is less dense leading to volcanic ring islands (e.g. Japanese islands). When two plates of continental crusts come into contact with each other, neither of them will subduct beneath the other due to their densities. So this collision leads to formation of big mountains with fragments of oceanic sediments in them even in the highest peaks (e.g. Alps in Europe, Himalayas in Asia).

1. Describe how Mountains and Faults are formed? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. What happens when two plates of continental crusts come into contact? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. A subduction happens when? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. What happens when older crust subduct to newer crust? _____________________________________________________________________

Check your answers with the answer key. Write your score.
My Score: ________