TOTAL LENGTH CALCULATIONS FOR A PIPE SEGMENT INCLUDING VALVES AND FITTINGS

EQUIVALENT LENGTH CALCULATIONS FOR VALVES AND FITTINGS BASED ON GPSA ENGG. DATA BOOK (11TH ED.) AND
CRANE TECHNICAL PAPER No. 410M (1982 ED.)
Remarks
Project Number
Line Number
From
To
P & ID NO.
Nominal Pipe Diameter (D)

inches

Fittings

Number

Reduced Bore 40mm and smaller

Reduced Bore 50mm and Larger
Full bore
Standard bore
Gate Valve
Reduce bore 40mm and smaller
Straight pattern
Globe Valve Y pattern
Angle Pattern
Swing Type
Check Valve
Ball or piston Type, 40mm and smaller
Plug valve Regular Pattern
Butterfly Valve 6 inches and larger
Flow straight through
Tee - equal
Flow through side outlet
90, R=1.5D
Elbow
45, R=1.5D
90, R=4D
90, R=5D
Bend
180, R=4D
180, R=5D
Pump suction Y type and bucket type
Strainer
Product outlet nozzle vessel/tank
Nozzle
Product inlet nozzle vessel/tank

65 D
45 D
3 D
13 D
65 D
340 D
160 D
145 D
135 D
340 D
45 D
20 D
20 D
65 D
20 D
16 D
14 D
16 D
25 D
28 D
250 D
32 D
64 D
Larger Dia. x Smaller Dia.

Ball Valve

4
Le, (m)

13

59.4

1
12

6.6
24.4

4x3

0.2

4x2

1.0

Concentric
Expander
Concentric
Reducer
Sudden
Expansion
Sudden
Contraction
Straight Length for entered Nominal Pipe Diameter (D), m
Total Equivalent Length for Fittings, m
Total Length (Equivalent Length + Straight Length), m

PREP'D BY:

571.0
91.6
662.6

CHK'D BY:

Prepared by:

APP'D BY:

DATE:

Ankur Srivastava
Chemical Engineer
e-mail: ankur_2061@hotmail.com
Disclaimer : The information and methods included within this spreadsheet are presented for 'Total Length Calcs for Pipes,
Valves and Fittings'. It is intended to be used by technically skilled persons at their own discretion. I do not warrant the
suitability or accuracy of these methods.

SHEET 1 OF 6

VALVES AND FITTINGS

GG. DATA BOOK (11TH ED.) AND

Remarks

or 'Total Length Calcs for Pipes,

cretion. I do not warrant the

SHEET 2 OF 6

Concentric Reducer (Reference: Eqn. 3.18, Crane Technical Paper No. 410M)

q
K 1 0.8 Sin 1 b 2
2

(for q 45)
FLOW

where:
K1 = Resistance coefficient based on smaller diameter
q = included angle in degrees
b=d/D
where:
d = smaller diameter, inches
D = larger diameter, inches

REDUCER
L

Concentric Expander (Reference: Eqn. 3.17, Crane Technical Paper No. 410M)

q
K1 2.6 Sin 1 b 2
2

(for q 45)

EXPANDER

Equation for Equivalent Length

K1
d 0.0254
Ft

FLOW

Le

where
Le = Equivalent length in m
d = smaller diameter in inches
Ft = Friction factor for turbulent flow

d
Pipe Friction Data for Clean Commercial Steel Pipe with Flow in Zone of Complete Turbulence
(From A-26, Crane Technical Paper No. 410M)
Line NB
Ft
inch
1
0.023
1.5
0.021
2
0.019
3
0.018
4
0.017
6
0.015
8
0.014
10
0.014
12
0.013
14
0.013
16
0.013
18
0.012
20
0.012
24
0.012
30
0.011
36
0.011

CONCENTRIC REDUCER
for included angle less than 45 o

Values of D, d and L from from ASME B16.9-2003 (page 17-18)

Nominal
Nominal
Larger Dia. Smaller
Diameter Ratio Length L,
Pipe Size, Pipe Size
D, inches dia. d,
in.
(b = d/D)
inches
(smaller dia),
inches
inches
2x1
2 x 1.5
3 x 1.5
3x2
4x2
4x3
6x3
6x4
8x6
8x4
10 x 8
10 x 6
12 x 10
12 x 8
12 x 6
14 x 12
14 x 10
14 x 8
14 x 6
16 x 14
16 x 12
16 x 10
16 x 8
18 x 16
18 x 14
18 x 12
18 x 10
20 x 18
20 x 16
20 x 14
20 x 12
24 x 20

1
1.5
1.5
2
2
3
3
4
6
4
8
6
10
8
6
12
10
8
6
14
12
10
8
16
14
12
10
18
16
14
12
20

2.374
2.374
3.5
3.5
4.5
4.5
6.626
6.626
8.626
8.626
10.75
10.75
12.75
12.75
12.75
14
14
14
14
16
16
16
16
18
18
18
18
20
20
20
20
24

1.315
1.902
1.902
2.374
2.374
3.5
3.5
4.5
6.626
4.5
8.626
6.626
10.75
8.626
6.626
12.75
10.75
8.626
6.626
14
12.75
10.75
8.626
16
14
12.75
10.75
18
16
14
12.75
20

0.554
0.801
0.543
0.678
0.528
0.778
0.528
0.679
0.768
0.522
0.802
0.616
0.843
0.677
0.520
0.911
0.768
0.616
0.473
0.875
0.797
0.672
0.539
0.889
0.778
0.708
0.597
0.900
0.800
0.700
0.638
0.833

3
3
3.5
3.5
4
4
5.5
5.5
6
6
7
7
8
8
8
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
20
20
20
20
20

Included
concentric
Angle q,
20
9
26
18
30
14
32
22
19
38
17
33
14
29
42
6
14
23
32
8
13
21
30
8
15
20
27
6
11
17
21
11

Resistance
Coefiicient
based on
smaller dia., K1

Friction
Equivalent
Factor for length, Le,
turbulent m
flow, Ft

0.10
0.02
0.13
0.07
0.15
0.04
0.16
0.08
0.05
0.19
0.04
0.14
0.03
0.11
0.21
0.01
0.04
0.10
0.17
0.01
0.03
0.08
0.14
0.01
0.04
0.07
0.12
0.01
0.03
0.06
0.08
0.02

Page 3 of 6

0.023
0.021
0.021
0.019
0.019
0.018
0.018
0.017
0.015
0.017
0.014
0.015
0.014
0.014
0.015
0.013
0.014
0.014
0.015
0.013
0.013
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.014
0.012
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.012

0.14
0.05
0.29
0.22
0.47
0.19
0.78
0.55
0.60
1.27
0.67
1.57
0.56
1.69
2.34
0.16
0.79
1.57
1.90
0.37
0.84
1.58
2.26
0.35
1.14
1.71
2.36
0.29
0.90
1.66
2.11
1.03

24 x 18
24 x 16
30 x 24
30 x 20
36 x 30
36 x 24

18
16
24
20
30
24

24
24
30
30
36
36

18
16
24
20
30
24

0.750
0.667
0.800
0.667
0.833
0.667

20
20
24
24
24
24

17
23
14
24
14
28

0.05
0.09
0.04
0.09
0.03
0.11

0.012
0.013
0.012
0.012
0.011
0.012

1.98
2.72
1.81
3.84
2.10
5.48

CONCENTRIC EXPANDER
for included angle less than 45 o

Values of D, d and L from from ASME B16.9-2003 (page 17-18)

Nominal
Nominal
Larger Dia. Smaller
Diameter Ratio Length L, Included
Pipe Size, Pipe Size
D, inches dia. d,
in.
concentric
(b = d/D)
inches
(smaller dia),
inches
Angle q,
inches
2x1
1
2.374
1.315
0.554
3
20
2 x 1.5
1.5
2.374
1.902
0.801
3
9
3 x 1.5
1.5
3.5
1.902
0.543
3.5
26
3x2
2
3.5
2.374
0.678
3.5
18
4x2
2
4.5
2.374
0.528
4
30
4x3
3
4.5
3.5
0.778
4
14
6x3
3
6.626
3.5
0.528
5.5
32
6x4
4
6.626
4.5
0.679
5.5
22
8x6
6
8.626
6.626
0.768
6
19
8x4
4
8.626
4.5
0.522
6
38
10 x 8
8
10.75
8.626
0.802
7
17
10 x 6
6
10.75
6.626
0.616
7
33
12 x 10
10
12.75
10.75
0.843
8
14
12 x 8
8
12.75
8.626
0.677
8
29
12 x 6
6
12.75
6.626
0.520
8
42
14 x 12
12
14
12.75
0.911
13
6
14 x 10
10
14
10.75
0.768
13
14
14 x 8
8
14
8.626
0.616
13
23
14 x 6
6
14
6.626
0.473
13
32
16 x 14
14
16
14
0.875
14
8
16 x 12
12
16
12.75
0.797
14
13
16 x 10
10
16
10.75
0.672
14
21
16 x 8
8
16
8.626
0.539
14
30
18 x 16
16
18
16
0.889
15
8
18 x 14
14
18
14
0.778
15
15
18 x 12
12
18
12.75
0.708
15
20
18 x 10
10
18
10.75
0.597
15
27
20 x 18
18
20
18
0.900
20
6
20 x 16
16
20
16
0.800
20
11
20 x 14
14
20
14
0.700
20
17
20 x 12
12
20
12.75
0.638
20
21

Resistance
Coefiicient
based on
smaller dia., K1
0.22
0.03
0.29
0.12
0.35
0.05
0.37
0.14
0.07
0.45
0.05
0.28
0.03
0.19
0.50
0.00
0.05
0.20
0.43
0.01
0.04
0.14
0.33
0.01
0.05
0.11
0.25
0.00
0.03
0.10
0.16

Friction
Equivalent
Factor for length, Le,
turbulent m
flow, Ft
0.023
0.32
0.021
0.06
0.021
0.66
0.019
0.38
0.019
1.10
0.018
0.25
0.018
1.82
0.017
0.96
0.015
0.81
0.017
3.01
0.014
0.77
0.015
3.17
0.014
0.53
0.014
2.99
0.015
5.56
0.013
0.09
0.014
1.06
0.014
3.17
0.015
4.79
0.013
0.28
0.013
0.99
0.014
2.81
0.014
5.21
0.013
0.24
0.013
1.47
0.013
2.77
0.014
4.93
0.012
0.18
0.013
1.05
0.013
2.74
0.013
4.07

Page 4 of 6

Sudden Expansion & Contraction

Equations:
Sudden Expansion

K1 (1 b 2 ) 2

(Reference: Equation 2.9.1, Crane Technical Paper No. 410M)

Sudden Contraction

K 1 0 . 5 (1 b

(Reference: Equation 2.10.1, Crane Technical Paper No. 410M)

where:
K1 = Resistance Coefficient (based on smaller diameter)
b = ratio of diameters = d/D
d = diameter of smaller pipe
D = daimeter of larger pipe
Pipe Friction Data for Clean Commercial Steel Pipe with Flow in Zone of Complete Turbulence
(From A-26, Crane Technical Paper No. 410M)
Line NB
Ft
inch
1
0.023
1.5
0.021
2
0.019
3
0.018
4
0.017
6
0.015
8
0.014
10
0.014
12
0.013
14
0.013
16
0.013
18
0.012
20
0.012
24
0.012
30
0.011
36
0.011

Sheet 5 of 6

Equation for Equivalent Length

Le

K1
d 0.0254
Ft

where
Le = Equivalent length in m
d = smaller diameter in inches
Sudden Expansion
Size
d, in.
2x1
1
3 x 1.5
1.5
3x2
2
4x2
2
6x2
2
8x2
2
6x3
3
8x3
3
10 x 3
3
6x4
4
8x4
4
10 x 4
4
12 x 4
4
16 x 4
4
10 x 6
6
12 x 6
6
14 x 6
6
16 x 6
6
20 x 6
6
24 x 6
6
12 x 8
8
14 x 8
8
16 x 8
8
20 x 8
8
24 x 8
8
30 x 8
8
16 x 10
10
18 x 10
10
20 x 10
10
24 x 10
10
30 x 10
10
36 x 10
10
18 x 12
12
20 x 12
12
24 x 12
12
30 x 12
12
36 x 12
12
20 x 14
14
24 x 14
14
30 x 14
14
36 x 14
14
24 x 16
16
30 x 16
16
36 x 16
16
30 x 18
18
36 x 18
18
30 x 20
20
36 x 20
20
36 x 24
24

D, in.
2
3
3
4
6
8
6
8
10
6
8
10
12
16
10
12
14
16
20
24
12
14
16
20
24
30
16
18
20
24
30
36
18
20
24
30
36
20
24
30
36
24
30
36
30
36
30
36
36

b
0.5
0.5
0.67
0.5
0.33
0.25
0.5
0.38
0.30
0.67
0.5
0.4
0.33
0.25
0.6
0.5
0.43
0.38
0.30
0.25
0.67
0.57
0.5
0.4
0.33
0.27
0.63
0.56
0.50
0.42
0.33
0.28
0.67
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.33
0.70
0.58
0.47
0.39
0.67
0.53
0.44
0.60
0.50
0.67
0.56
0.67

K1
0.56
0.56
0.31
0.56
0.79
0.88
0.56
0.74
0.83
0.31
0.56
0.71
0.79
0.88
0.41
0.56
0.67
0.74
0.83
0.88
0.31
0.45
0.56
0.71
0.79
0.86
0.37
0.48
0.56
0.68
0.79
0.85
0.31
0.41
0.56
0.71
0.79
0.26
0.44
0.61
0.72
0.31
0.51
0.64
0.41
0.56
0.31
0.48
0.31

Le, m
0.6
1.0
0.8
1.5
2.1
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.5
1.8
3.4
4.2
4.7
5.3
4.2
5.7
6.8
7.5
8.4
8.9
4.5
6.6
8.2
10.2
11.5
12.5
6.7
8.7
10.2
12.4
14.3
15.5
7.2
9.6
13.2
16.5
18.5
7.1
11.9
16.7
19.7
9.6
16.0
20.1
15.6
21.4
13.1
20.2
15.7

Sudden Contraction
Size
d, in.
2x1
1
3 x 1.5
1.5
3x2
2
4x2
2
6x2
2
8x2
2
6x3
3
8x3
3
10 x 3
3
6x4
4
8x4
4
10 x 4
4
12 x 4
4
16 x 4
4
10 x 6
6
12 x 6
6
14 x 6
6
16 x 6
6
20 x 6
6
24 x 6
6
12 x 8
8
14 x 8
8
16 x 8
8
20 x 8
8
24 x 8
8
30 x 8
8
16 x 10
10
18 x 10
10
20 x 10
10
24 x 10
10
30 x 10
10
36 x 10
10
18 x 12
12
20 x 12
12
24 x 12
12
30 x 12
12
36 x 12
12
20 x 14
14
24 x 14
14
30 x 14
14
36 x 14
14
24 x 16
16
30 x 16
16
36 x 16
16
30 x 18
18
36 x 18
18
30 x 20
20
36 x 20
20
36 x 24
24

Sheet 6 of 6

D, in.
2
3
3
4
6
8
6
8
10
6
8
10
12
16
10
12
14
16
20
24
12
14
16
20
24
30
16
18
20
24
30
36
18
20
24
30
36
20
24
30
36
24
30
36
30
36
30
36
36

b
0.5
0.5
0.67
0.5
0.33
0.25
0.5
0.38
0.30
0.67
0.5
0.4
0.33
0.25
0.6
0.5
0.43
0.38
0.30
0.25
0.67
0.57
0.5
0.4
0.33
0.27
0.63
0.56
0.50
0.42
0.33
0.28
0.67
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.33
0.70
0.58
0.47
0.39
0.67
0.53
0.44
0.60
0.50
0.67
0.56
0.67

K1
0.38
0.38
0.28
0.38
0.44
0.47
0.38
0.43
0.46
0.28
0.38
0.42
0.44
0.47
0.32
0.38
0.41
0.43
0.46
0.47
0.28
0.34
0.38
0.42
0.44
0.46
0.30
0.35
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.46
0.28
0.32
0.38
0.42
0.44
0.26
0.33
0.39
0.42
0.28
0.36
0.40
0.32
0.38
0.28
0.35
0.28

Le, m
0.4
0.7
0.7
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.7
2.2
2.5
2.7
2.8
3.3
3.8
4.1
4.4
4.6
4.8
4.0
4.9
5.4
6.1
6.5
6.7
5.5
6.3
6.8
7.5
8.1
8.4
6.5
7.5
8.8
9.8
10.4
7.0
9.0
10.7
11.6
8.7
11.2
12.5
12.2
14.3
11.8
14.6
14.1